Warm-UpWarm-Up

Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We talked about marijuana, steroids and talked about marijuana, steroids and inhalants. Among all that we learned, inhalants. Among all that we learned, what most surprised you? Do you think what most surprised you? Do you think knowing this will keep you from using knowing this will keep you from using the drug OR if you have used it will this the drug OR if you have used it will this make you stop? make you stop?

How do you think we can decrease the How do you think we can decrease the number of teenagers who use these number of teenagers who use these illegal drugs?illegal drugs?

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Lesson 20Lesson 20

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify various classes of drugsIdentify various classes of drugs Identify the effects of the various Identify the effects of the various

classes on the mind and bodyclasses on the mind and body

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Chemicals that affect the central nervous Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity to the brainsystem and alter activity to the brain– Change the functioning of the central nervous Change the functioning of the central nervous

system (CNS)system (CNS)

The CNS is an amazingly complex part of The CNS is an amazingly complex part of the bodythe body– Includes the brain and spinal cordIncludes the brain and spinal cord– EVERY form of activity, from bending a finger EVERY form of activity, from bending a finger

to solving abstract problems, involves the CNSto solving abstract problems, involves the CNS

ClassificationClassification

StimulantsStimulants DepressantsDepressants NarcoticsNarcotics HallucinogensHallucinogens

StimulantsStimulants

Drugs that speed up the central nervous Drugs that speed up the central nervous systemsystem

Some foods contain small amounts of Some foods contain small amounts of stimulantsstimulants– Coffee, tea and soda contain caffeineCoffee, tea and soda contain caffeine

Nicotine in tobacco products is a stimulantNicotine in tobacco products is a stimulant Some stimulants have medical uses, although Some stimulants have medical uses, although

many are used illegally many are used illegally Most dangerous illegal stimulantsMost dangerous illegal stimulants

– CocaineCocaine– AmphetaminesAmphetamines– methamphetaminesmethamphetamines

CocaineCocaine

White powder extracted from the White powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plantleaves of the coca plant

Highly addictiveHighly addictive Users experience a euphoriaUsers experience a euphoria

– A feeling of intense well-being or A feeling of intense well-being or elationelation

Effects can last from 20 minutes Effects can last from 20 minutes to several hoursto several hours

Effects of CocaineEffects of Cocaine DepressionDepression FatigueFatigue ParanoiaParanoia Physiological dependencePhysiological dependence MalnutritionMalnutrition Cardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENSCardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENS Collapse of the nasal septumCollapse of the nasal septum Risk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injectingRisk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injecting OverdoseOverdose

– Cardiac arrestCardiac arrest– Respiratory failureRespiratory failure– SeizuresSeizures– DeathDeath

CrackCrack

Even more dangerous from of cocaine, Even more dangerous from of cocaine, because it is a very pure form of because it is a very pure form of cocainecocaine– ““crack cocaine”crack cocaine”– ““rock”rock”– ““freebase rock”freebase rock”

Reaches the brain in secondsReaches the brain in seconds One of the MOST DEADLY drugs One of the MOST DEADLY drugs

availableavailable

Effects of CrackEffects of Crack

Quickly after ingested heart rate and Quickly after ingested heart rate and blood pressure soar to dangerous levelsblood pressure soar to dangerous levels– Death can result from cardiovascular or Death can result from cardiovascular or

respiratory failurerespiratory failure Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely

dangerousdangerous– Substances combined in the liver increasing Substances combined in the liver increasing

the risk of death from liver failurethe risk of death from liver failure

AmphetaminesAmphetamines

Used in prescription medication to Used in prescription medication to reduce fatigue and drowsiness reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetiteand to suppress the appetite

Some people use them illegally to Some people use them illegally to stay away and alert, improve stay away and alert, improve athletic performance and to lose athletic performance and to lose weightweight

Easily developed toleranceEasily developed tolerance

Effects of Effects of AmphetaminesAmphetamines TwitchingTwitching Irregular heartbeatIrregular heartbeat ParanoiaParanoia Heart damageHeart damage Blood vessel damageBlood vessel damage

MethamphetamineMethamphetamine

““Meth”Meth” Stimulant used in treating certain diseases, Stimulant used in treating certain diseases,

including Parkinson’s and obesityincluding Parkinson’s and obesity White odorless powder that easily dissolves White odorless powder that easily dissolves

in alcohol or waterin alcohol or water Readily available because it is produced in Readily available because it is produced in

make-shift labsmake-shift labs Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club

drugs’ often associated with all night parties drugs’ often associated with all night parties called ravescalled raves

Provides a short term feeling of euphoriaProvides a short term feeling of euphoria

Effects of Meth UseEffects of Meth Use

DepressionDepression ParanoiaParanoia Damage to the CHSDamage to the CHS Increased heart rateIncreased heart rate Increased blood pressureIncreased blood pressure Damage to brain cellsDamage to brain cells DeathDeath

DepressantsDepressants Drugs that tend to slow down the CNSDrugs that tend to slow down the CNS Relax musclesRelax muscles Relive feelings of tension and worryRelive feelings of tension and worry Cause drowsinessCause drowsiness Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure,

interrupt normal rate of breathinginterrupt normal rate of breathing Most common depressant is alcoholMost common depressant is alcohol 2 common sedative medications2 common sedative medications

– BarbituratesBarbiturates– TranquilizersTranquilizers

Other Widely used depressantsOther Widely used depressants– RohypnolRohypnol– GHBGHB

Combing depressant produces a synergistic Combing depressant produces a synergistic effecteffect– Could cause shallow breathing, weak and rapid Could cause shallow breathing, weak and rapid

pulse, coma and deathpulse, coma and death

BarbituratesBarbiturates

Sedative-hypnotic drugSedative-hypnotic drug– Induce sleepinessInduce sleepiness

EffectsEffects– mood changesmood changes– Sleeping more than normalSleeping more than normal– ComaComa– Rarely used for medical purposesRarely used for medical purposes– Combining with alcohol can be fatalCombining with alcohol can be fatal

TranquilizersTranquilizers

Reduce muscular activity, coordination Reduce muscular activity, coordination and attention spanand attention span

Prescribed to relievePrescribed to relieve– anxietyanxiety– Muscle spasmsMuscle spasms– SleeplessnessSleeplessness– NervousnessNervousness

When overused physiological and When overused physiological and psychological dependence occurspsychological dependence occurs

Withdrawal causes sever shaking and Withdrawal causes sever shaking and extreme cases coma or deathextreme cases coma or death

RohypnolRohypnol

““date rape drug”date rape drug” Widely available club drugWidely available club drug Comes in tablet form and looks like Comes in tablet form and looks like

aspirinaspirin Ten times stronger than tranquilizersTen times stronger than tranquilizers Dissolves in carbonated beverages, Dissolves in carbonated beverages,

making it easy to slip into a drinkmaking it easy to slip into a drink Victim wakes up hours later with no Victim wakes up hours later with no

recollection of what has happened recollection of what has happened

GHBGHB

Gammahydroxy Butric AcidGammahydroxy Butric Acid Also used in date rape crimesAlso used in date rape crimes Available as a clear liquid, white powder Available as a clear liquid, white powder

and a variety of tabletsand a variety of tablets Easily to overdose onEasily to overdose on Leaves the blood relatively quickly, Leaves the blood relatively quickly,

making it hard for emergency room making it hard for emergency room personnel to determine that it has been personnel to determine that it has been ingestedingested

NarcoticsNarcotics

Specific drugs derived from the opium Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are available only be plant that are available only be prescription and are used to relieve prescription and are used to relieve painpain

relieve pain by blocking pain relieve pain by blocking pain messengers in the brainmessengers in the brain

Examples of prescribed narcoticsExamples of prescribed narcotics– MorphineMorphine– OxyContinOxyContin– CodeineCodeine

Heroin is an illegal narcoticHeroin is an illegal narcotic

Effects of NarcoticsEffects of Narcotics EuphoriaEuphoria DrowsinessDrowsiness ConstipationConstipation Pinpoint pupilsPinpoint pupils Slow and shallow breathingSlow and shallow breathing ConvulsionsConvulsions ComaComa DeathDeath Highly addictiveHighly addictive

– Pharmacies must keep records of all sales Pharmacies must keep records of all sales of these drugsof these drugs

HeroinHeroin

Processed form of morphineProcessed form of morphine Injected, snorted, smokedInjected, snorted, smoked EffectsEffects

– Infection of the heart lining and valvesInfection of the heart lining and valves– Liver infectionLiver infection– ComaComa– DeathDeath– Fetal death if a user is pregnantFetal death if a user is pregnant– Increased risk of pneumonia, HIV, and Increased risk of pneumonia, HIV, and

hepatitis B if needles are sharedhepatitis B if needles are shared

HallucinogensHallucinogens Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense

perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touchtouch

No medical useNo medical use Overload sensory controls in the brain causing Overload sensory controls in the brain causing

the brain to intensify sensation and create the brain to intensify sensation and create hallucinationshallucinations

Impair judgmentImpair judgment Increase heart rate and respirationIncrease heart rate and respiration Altered mental state can last from several hour to Altered mental state can last from several hour to

several dayseveral day Extremely unpredictable effectsExtremely unpredictable effects Users sometime harm themselves or Users sometime harm themselves or

demonstrate other violent behaviorsdemonstrate other violent behaviors Common hallucinogensCommon hallucinogens

– PCP (Phencyclidine)PCP (Phencyclidine)– LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)– KetamineKetamine– ecstasyecstasy

PCPPCP

One of the most dangerous drugs of allOne of the most dangerous drugs of all Effects vary greatly from user to userEffects vary greatly from user to user Distorted sense of time and spaceDistorted sense of time and space Increased muscular strengthIncreased muscular strength Inability to feel painInability to feel pain Overdoses can cause death, but most Overdoses can cause death, but most

PCP deaths are caused by the PCP deaths are caused by the destructive behavior the drug producesdestructive behavior the drug produces

FlashbacksFlashbacks– Causing panic, confusion and lack of controlCausing panic, confusion and lack of control

LSDLSD

Extremely strong hallucinogenExtremely strong hallucinogen EffectsEffects

– ConvulsionsConvulsions– ComaComa– Hear failureHear failure– Lung failureLung failure– DeathDeath– Range of emotionsRange of emotions

Euphoria to deep depressionEuphoria to deep depression– Flashbacks can involve a frightening range Flashbacks can involve a frightening range

of emotions long after the actual use of the of emotions long after the actual use of the drugdrug

KetamineKetamine

Anesthetic Anesthetic – Used for medical purposes mostly in treating Used for medical purposes mostly in treating

animalsanimals Club drugClub drug Sold as a white powder to be snorted or Sold as a white powder to be snorted or

injectedinjected Also smoked with marijuana or tobaccoAlso smoked with marijuana or tobacco EffectsEffects

– HallucinationsHallucinations– Dreamlike statesDreamlike states– Respiratory failureRespiratory failure– deathdeath

EcstasyEcstasy

““designer drug”designer drug”– Synthetic substances meant to Synthetic substances meant to

imitate the effects of hallucinogens imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugsand other dangerous drugs

– Vary greatly in potency and strengthVary greatly in potency and strength Combination of a stimulant and a Combination of a stimulant and a

hallucinogenhallucinogen

Effects of EcstasyEffects of Ecstasy

Short term feeling Short term feeling of euphoriaof euphoria

ConfusionConfusion DepressionDepression ParanoiaParanoia PsychosisPsychosis Long term Long term

damage to brain damage to brain cellscells

OverdoseOverdose

TremorsTremors ParalysisParalysis Irreversible brain Irreversible brain

damagedamage Temperature Temperature

increaseincrease Muscle Muscle

breakdownbreakdown Kidney failureKidney failure Cardiovascular Cardiovascular

system damagesystem damage

Figure 23.4 pg 604 Figure 23.4 pg 604 Health Risks of Psychoactive DrugsHealth Risks of Psychoactive Drugs

Figure 23.4 pg 604 continued Figure 23.4 pg 604 continued Health Risks of Psychoactive DrugsHealth Risks of Psychoactive Drugs

Drugs affect all 3 sides of Drugs affect all 3 sides of your health triangleyour health triangle

There are NO benefits from There are NO benefits from using illegal drugsusing illegal drugs

Choosing to be drug free is Choosing to be drug free is one of the MOST one of the MOST IMPORTANT decision you IMPORTANT decision you can make to protect your can make to protect your healthhealth

Real People, Real Real People, Real StoriesStories Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s

website to readwebsite to read Answer the following questions:Answer the following questions:

– 1. What drug was abused?1. What drug was abused?– 2. What most surprised you about the 2. What most surprised you about the

story?story?– 3. What short term effects did the drugs 3. What short term effects did the drugs

have on the people in the story?have on the people in the story?– 4. What long term effects of drug abuse 4. What long term effects of drug abuse

did the person exhibit?did the person exhibit?– 5. If one of your friends was using the drug 5. If one of your friends was using the drug

abused in your story what would you tell abused in your story what would you tell him/her?him/her?