warm up: happy wednesday!!! two more school days until spring break!!!!! what do you know about...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Up:
Happy Wednesday!!! Two more school days until Spring break!!!!!
What do you know about gladiators? Where have you seen gladiators in the media??
Roman Culture and Society
Roman Arts and Literature
The Romans spread Greco-Roman arts and culture throughout the
empire
Roman ArtsDeveloped a taste for Greek statues
SculptureSculptures produced more realistic works
PaintingsPainters painted portraits and
landscapes on walls of villas
ArchitectureConcrete helped to construct huge
buildings that the Greeks could not create
Remarkable engineersRoads, bridges, and aqueductsBuilt 50,000 miles of roads throughout the
empireIn Rome, a dozen aqueducts kept a population of
one million supplied with water
ArchitectureExcelled in architecture
Used curved formsArch, vault and dome
ParthenonFound in Rome. It
was originally built as a temple to the gods.
Later converted to Christian (Catholic) church.
Best example of Roman Dome building.
Latin Language Romans spoke Latin; it was the official
language of the empire. It was the language of government, trade,
and culture. If you wanted to do business with Rome,
you had to speak Latin.
As Rome spread, and eventually broke apart, the language split apart.
Latin still is taught in some schools (important for law and medical fields), but not in common use.
Latin Language Splits Language splinters into several other
languages when Rome falls. These Languages are called “Romance Languages”, named after Rome itself.
French Spanish Italian Portuguese Romanian
Slavery and Slave Revolts No people in the ancient world had more
slaves or depended on slaved more than the Romans Large numbers of captured soldiers in war
became slaves Used as: household workers, cooks,
valets, waiters, cleaners, gardeners, farm laborers
Many slave holders were afraid of their slaves b/c they treated them so awful
Slavery and Slave RevoltsIf a slave killed his master,
the slave would be executed and all other slaves would be killed too
Most famous slave revolt was led by the gladiator SpartacusIn 73 B.C. he led 70,000 slavesDefeated several armies6,000 of his followers were crucified
or nailed to a cross
Spartacus is Hollywood
Aqueducts and Roman RoadsSuperb builders Network of 50,000
miles of roadsLargest was the
Appian WayRome- a dozen
aqueducts kept 1 million people supplied with water
Appian WayFirst Major Roman road. It signaled the
start of Rome’s love of building roads.
How Aqueducts WorkAqueducts worked by
using gravity to get water to a city.
Water key to large citiesDrinking WaterSewage (Rome’s
sewer system was cutting edge
Life in Ancient Rome
City life in Ancient Rome had great problems similar to life today
FamilyThe heart of Roman
society was the family Paterfamilias- the
dominant (oldest, ususally) male in the house.Included wife, sons
and their wives, unmarried daughters, and slaves
EducationRaised their children at
homeUpper-class children:
expected to learn and read
Father was chief figure in providing educationDecided whether to teach
them, hire a teacher, or send to school
Teachers were often Greek slaves
AdulthoodChildhood ended for:
Boys- 16Girls- 12-14Ceremony for boys- trade in
purple togaGirls ceremony- marriage
Women must have male guardiansPaterfamilias responsibilityWhen he dies, sons or nearest
relative takes over
MarriageGirls could get married
as young as 12Boys usually 16-18Meant for life3rd century A.D.-
introduce divorce Easy to obtain Husband or wife could ask
for itFathers arranged
marriages for their daughters
WomenMore independence and
freedomRight to own, inherit and
sell propertyNot segregated from
men in the homesCould attend races,
theater, amphitheater but sit in separate sections
Accompanied by maidsCould not participate in
politics
A Gladiator’s LifeTypes of Gladiators
Circus Maximus and The Colosseum
The Roman Gladiators
A Gladiator’s LifeAs Rome expands it
comes into conflict with other cultures
Majority of those that become gladiators are because of conquest
The conquered were then escorted back to Rome where they would be sold in slave markets
A Gladiator’s LifeSent to a ludus
gladiatorious to be trained
Training was under the supervision of a lanista or “the butcher”
Abuse was common place and was both physical and psychological (whipping most common)
Day consisted of lifting weights and learning the art of death
A Gladiator’s LifeCommon myth is that
gladiators were only slaves
Majority were but they were criminals, debtors and those condemned to death
Trained according to one’s physical attributes or skills
At the Coliseum At the coliseum
gladiators fought first
Concerned about survival and what lanista will do if you do not perform well
After condemned are killed, animals hunted and criminal fights
Gladiators fight again in late day but it is to the death now
Death of GladiatorsDefeated gladiators could
appeal for mercy but it was at the whim of the crowd
Death did not always come at the hands of one’s opponent
Men dressed as Roman gods would kill the loser in a variety of ways to add to the sensationalism of the event
Thumbs down meant to spare the gladiator
A thumb up meant to kill him
Colosseum Built by Emperor
Vespasian and Titus 70-80 A.D.
Seated 45,000, had two large restroom areas, covered area, numbered seating based on class, and had supporting facilities nearby
Longest games were 123 days long
ColosseumExotic animals
hunts, gladiatorial combat, executions, brutal plays, battle recreations and possibly naval battles with alligators entertained the crowds
Material Evidence
Zliten Mosaic
Originally in a Roman seaside villaNow in Archaeological MusuemTripoli, Tunisia