warm-up capitalization, punctuation, and spelling

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Warm-Up Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

Lesson Goals

Words to Know

Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.

something that is repeated or referred to in another piece of writing

a descriptive word, phrase, or clause that adds information to a sentence but is not essential to its meaning

marks that show that words have been left out

to arrange something in a certain way

Lesson Question

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Recognize and correct common punctuationerrors when quoting text.

Use capitalization,punctuation, andellipses correctly in

.correctly in quotationsand nonrestrictiveclauses.

PlaceReview common

errors.

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Warm-Up Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

The Importance of Punctuation

Punctuation can completely the meaning of a .

• “Let’s eat Grandma.”

• “Let’s eat, Grandma.”


Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

Quotations and Punctuation

“It’s not the size of the dog in the fight,

it’s the size of the fight in the dog.”

–Mark Twain

2Slide

Instruction

Quotations in Writing

A quotation is a phrase, , or passage that a writer takes from

another and uses in his or her own writing.

A quotation can be used to:

• make an argument .

• give an example.

• connect writing to a historical context.

• add interesting and entertaining information.

You need to quotations to:

• show that the words are not your own.

• give to the speaker or

writer.

• avoid .


Capitalization, Punctuation, and SpellingInstruction

4Slide

Formatting Quotations

To format something means to it in a certain way.

• Put a comma or period at the end of a quotation, the quotation marks.

• the first word of a complete sentence in a quotation.

• Introduce a full-sentence quotation with a phrase followed by a

.

As Oscar Wilde, the famous playwright, says, “Some cause happiness wherever they go; others,

whenever they go.”

Punctuation Errors in Quotations

• Mark Twain puts it best when he says, “It’s not the size of the dog in the fight, it’s the size of the fight in the dog”.

• Mark Twain puts it best when he says, “It’s not the size of the dog in the fight, it’s the size of the fight in the dog.”

• The critic agreed, saying the movie was “boring”, “badly acted”, and “not worth the money”.

• The critic agreed, saying the movie was “boring,” “badly acted,” and “not worth the money.”



6Slide

Capitalization Errors in a Quotation

• In the 1900s, capitalism experienced an “Unprecedented growth.”

• In the 1900s, capitalism experienced an “unprecedented growth.”

• The researcher explained that “Baseball was a segregated sport in 1945.”

• The researcher explained that “baseball was a segregated sport in 1945.”

• The researcher explained, “the Brooklyn Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson for the 1947 season.”

• The researcher explained, “The Brooklyn Dodgers signed Jackie Robinson for the 1947 season.”

Using Ellipses to Shorten Long Quotations

Ellipses are that show that words have been .

quotation: quotation:

• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education, not presuming to dictate any plan or system respecting it, I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people can be engaged in.”

• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education . . . I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people can be engaged in.”

• Abraham Lincoln once said, “Upon the subject of education . . . I can only say that I view it as the most important subject.”

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Placing Commas Correctly in Quotations

A comma comes an introduction to a quotation that is a

sentence.

A comma is when introducing a .

Nonrestrictive Modifiers

and are used to enclose certain words, phrases,

and clauses in sentences.

• A nonrestrictive modifier is a descriptive word, phrase, or clause that

adds information to a sentence but is not

to its meaning.

• Does the phrase between the commas or dashes give extra or essential information?

11Slide

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It was Mark Twain who stated, “I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.”

Our English teacher is quick to point out that there is “much humor behind what Twain says.”

Angela, who is fifteen years old, is going camping for the first time.

Franco—a cousin I haven’t seen in a few years—is an excellent baseball player.

• Does the sentence makes sense without the phrase?


Instruction Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

13Slide

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Nonrestrictive Modifiers

Homophones

Some words are commonly because they are homophones, or

words that alike even though they have different

and .

Homophones

Nonrestrictive ( ): Restrictive ( ):

• Mark Twain, an American writer, has many famous quotations.

• The great American writer Mark Twain has many famous quotations.

• My father—an expert on the subject of dogs, cats, and birds—just wrote his first book.

• The animal expert who is my father just wrote his first book.

• My best friend, Adela, is coming to the party.

• My friend Adela is coming to the party.

there, they’re, their: by, buy, bye:

• Put the book over there. • The famous novel is by Mark Twain.• They’re going to get the book. • I’m going out to buy the novel.• It’s their book. • As I left, I told my sister, “Bye!”

your, you’re: threw, through:

• It’s turn. • I threw the ball into the neighbor’s yard.

• You’re going first. • I went the gate to go get it.


Instruction Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

Commonly Confused Words

Some words are not , but they can be confused because they

sound .

Commonly Confused Words

then, than: accept, except

• If you study, then you’ll likely pass the test.

• My baby sister’s moods are hard to accept.

• Make some free time and study then.

• Everyone thinks her screaming is adorable except me.

• You may even do better than everyone else

past, passed: led, lead: affect, effect:

• The milk in the fridge is past its expiration date.

• I led the race the whole way.

• The loud music did

not my

concentration.

• I on

drinking a glass.

• Afterward, my legs felt as heavy

as .

• I actually thought it had a calming effect.

18Slide


Summary Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

Lesson Question

How do you avoid common errors in capitalization, punctuation, and spelling in writing?

Answer

Review: Reviewing Punctuation Rules

• Capitalize the first word of a quotation if it is a complete sentence.

• Use to show where words have been taken out of a quotation to

shorten it. The sentence must still make sense.

• Use a to introduce a full-sentence quotation.

• Use commas to enclose nonrestrictive words or phrases in sentences. To see if a phrase or word is nonrestrictive, decide whether the meaning of the sentence changes without it.

• Learning commonly words can help you choose the correct word.

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Summary Capitalization, Punctuation, and Spelling

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warm-up capitalization, punctuation, and spelling

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