9/5/2014

1

Warm Up: Complete

Sentences

Why was Socrates thought of by Athenians

to have “corrupted their youth”?

What two things did Plato contribute

Greece?

Who was Aristotle’s student?

Who was finally able to conquer Greece?

What is the Hellenistic Culture?

Time to get Creative

• Fold your paper so that you have six

squares.

• In each square draw, design, then color

something that represents Greece. You

CANNOT use any words.

• On the back of the paper in each square,

label and specifically explain what each

picture on the front represents.

• Examples: Greece, Pheidippidies, Phalanx,

etcetera.

Warm up:

What Makes a Successful

Leader?

• In bullet point format list what you think

makes a successful leader. Do they have to

be likable? How do you measure their

leadership-the results they produce or their

integrity?

Ancient Rome and

Early Christianity,

500 BCE-500 CE

Chapter 6

The Great Myth

Romulus and Remus

Twins of the God Mars

and Latin Princess

Abandoned near Tiber

River

Raised by a she-wolf

Built city near that spot

Origins of Rome

Geography

Seven rolling hills at a curve

of the Tiber River

Center of Italian Peninsula

Center of Mediterranean

Sea

First Romans

Latin’s

Rome: Cluster of little

huts

Etruscans

Northern Italy: Metal

workers and engineers

Greeks

Southern Italy and Sicily

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Monarchy to a RepublicKing’s Rule

Etruscan King in 600BCE

The Forum

Heart of Roman political life

Architecture

Much like that of Greece

Tarquin the Proud

Harsh Tyrant

Driven out in 509BCE

The Republic

Power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leader

Power Struggle

Patricians: Wealthy landowners/most political

Plebeians: Common farmers/merchants

Twelve Tables/Tablets

Problem: Patricians were

interpreting the law to benefit

themselves

Plebeians force the creation of

a Written Code of Law

Hung in the Forum

Free citizens have the right to

protection under law

Became basis for later Roman

law

Roman Republic GovernmentCombined three different political structures from Greece

Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy

Consuls

Served once every 10 years

Ran the army

Senate

Had 300 members

Legislative and administrative functions

Upper class chooses

Assembly

Free citizens

Elect the Consuls

Make laws (Plebeians, then for Republic)

Dictator

During times of crisis

Absolute power

6 months of rule

Warm Up: In Complete

Sentences• What were the three different political

structures that the Roman Republic combined?

• According to the “Great Myth” who founded

Rome?

• Who were the Patricians?

• Who were the Plebeians?

• What was the purpose of the Twelve Tables?

• What were the four different branches of

government?

The Roman Army

All citizens that owned land were required to serve in the military

Wanted to hold office, 10 years of service

Legions

5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry)

Soldiers on horseback supported each legion (cavalry)

Organized and skilled

Spreading Roman Power

Romans conquer the entire Italian Peninsula

Full citizens: Latin's on the Tiber

A little further out: citizens without a vote

All others: Allies of Rome as long as troops were supplied

Punic Wars (Rome Vs. Carthage)

1st-Control of Sicily and west Mediterranean

2nd-Hannibal avenging previous defeat

3rd-Rome laid siege to Carthage. City ablaze/50,000 sold slavery

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The Republic Collapses

Economic turmoil

Rich vs Poor

Rich landowner/large estates

Slaves were 1/3 the population

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Tribunes that tried to help the poor

Limiting the size of estates

Giving land to the poor

Violent deaths

Civil War

Generals begin seizing greater power

Soldiers

Recruited landless poor and promised them land

fought for pay

allegiance to the commanders only

Julius Caesar

Elected to consul in 59BCE

Triumvirate: A group of three leaders

• Crassus: wealthy Roman

• Pompey: popular general

• Caesar: military leader

Conquers Gaul (France) and appoints himself governor

Senate orders him home

Caesar vs Pompey

46BCE named dictator

Long Live Caesar

Strong leader and military genius

Returned home a Hero

44BCE Dictator for Life

• Absolute Power

• Public Works Projects

• creating jobs

• Military Perks

• colonies where people without land could own property

• increase soldier pay

Senate fears his power, success and popularity

Assassinated in senate chamber 44BCE

Brutus “Et tu Brute?”

Warm Up: In Complete

Sentences1. How were the different area’s of the Italian Peninsula

people classified? Think citizenship.

2. What was the cause of the second Punic War?

3. What was a cause of the first civil war?

4. What is it called when three different people rule?

5. Who became dictator for life?

6. What did this dictator for life do for the Republic?

7. What are the two reasons the Republic finally fall?

Beginnings of an Empire

2nd Civil War

Destroyed remaining Republic

2nd Triumvirate

Octavian: Caesar’s grandnephew

Marc Antony: Experienced general

Lepidus: Powerful politician

Marc Antony in Anatolia

Cleopatra: Love at first sight

Octavian: Jealous

3rd Civil War

Marc Antony vs Octavian

Octavian (Augustus) and Pax

RomanaOctavian (Augustus) 27BCE-14BCE

• Unchallenged ruler

• 1st Emperor

• Augustus

• Means “Exalted One”

Pax Romana

207 years of peace throughout the empire

Efficient/Sound Government

Civil Service: Paid workers to manage government affairs

Law: Functioning Senate, Civil Servants were Plebeians and former slaves

Agriculture/Trade

Denarius: Silver Coin

Roads for trade networking

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The Roman WorldGravitas

Discipline, Strength and Loyalty

City Life

Crowed and noisy

All walks of life

Slaves

Important to economy

God/Goddesses

Similar to Greeks

Society

Rich

Lived in Villas

Poor

Poor lived in tenements

Government Assistance

Daily rations of grain

Entertainment: games, races, battle, gladiators

Holidays:150 a year

Warm Up: Socratic Circle

Preparation

❖ Get out your questions/statements from last

night and review them quietly to yourself.

Make sure that you are prepared to discuss

these questions/statements. They will be

handed in at the end of the period.

Socratic Circle

Rules:❖ This is students talking to students about content activity. Do not ask Ms. A. for

clarification or opinion. This is to benefit you.

❖ This activity will be graded. Ms. A. will be grading you as well as your peers.

❖ Some things to keep in mind:

❖ Taking a position on a question: Taking a viewpoint, opinion, stance, outlook, or

perspective.

❖ Clarifying question: A question that results in information being made more clear

❖ Making an analogy: Making a comparison between two things, ie. Greece and

United States democracy.

❖ Recognizing contradictions: A statement that associates ideas that are not

compatible, mismatch, disagreement, inconsistency, etcetera.

❖ Irrelevant Comments: A comment that has nothing to do with the topic at hand,

off subject, unrelated, unconnected to subject.

Warm up: In complete sentences

1. Who was Octavian?

2. Why did Octavian battle Marc Antony?

3. Where did the poor live?

4. Why was it dangerous where they lived?

5. What did the rich do to make the poor forget

about their situation?

Out with Jupiter in with

Jesus

The Rise of Christianity

All Eyes on JudeaRome conquers Judea

Jewish state

Asia/Middle East

Modern West Bank/Israel

Province of Rome

Independent in name

Judaism tolerated

Savior will set them free

Jesus of Nazareth

Carpenter

Baptized Jewish

Religious Teacher

Salvation for all

All equal: Reward in afterlife

Prophet/Messiah

Blasphemer: Liar/False Prophet

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Jesus visits JerusalemEthical Teachings

Monotheistic

Personal Relationship with God

Love

Charity

Humility

Salvation

Repent: Ask for forgiveness of sins

Conducts sermons and miracles throughout Roman Empire

Gains followers and believers

Romans and Jewish Chiefs fear his popularity

Jewish High Priest believes Jesus is Blasphemous

Want him stopped

One of you will Betray Me...

Trial and Crucifixion of

“The King of the Jews”Pontius Pilate

Jesus arrested and questioned

Ultimatum Given

Barrabas or Jesus

Washed his hands of it

Crucified

Crucifixion

Save yourself

Mocking

“King of the Jews”

“Only My Father can Save Me”

Did I make a come back??

Jesus’ Death and the Spread

of ChristianityJesus’ Death

Thunderstorm

Jesus is buried

Grave opened on third day

Increases followersTeaching Spreads

12 Apostles

Peter

Paul

Writes several books in New Testament

ChristianityHebrew=Messiah

Greek for Messiah=Christos

Reasons for Spread

Embraced all people

Hope to powerlessPersonal relationship with God

Promised eternal life after death

Garden Parties

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Warm Up:

1. What is Judea? (To the Romans?)

2. Name at least three reasons why Jesus’

teachings were so appealing to the people.

3. Who washed his hands of the decision to

crucify Jesus?

4. How did Christianity spread through the

empire?

5. Would you be willing to die for something you

believed in?

Warm Up:

1. Who helped influence the Romans and their

arch?

2. Who was Claudius?

3. Who was blamed for the fires of 64?

4. Who actually is believed to have started the

fires?

5. What is an aqueduct?

6. What football team beat the Seattle

Seahawks this weekend?

Rebellion and Persecution

Jewish rebellions

Wanted freedom from Romans

Revolted

Burn down their synagogue

❖ Western Wall

Diaspora

Jews settle elsewhere in Europe

Martyrs

People who die for their cause of beliefs

Christians at this time

I had a Dream....

Constantine

312 CE: Fighting for leadership of Rome

313 CE: End of the persecution of Christians

Religion approved by Emperor

Theodosius

380 CE: Official Religion

An Empire under One God

A Century of CrisisPax Romana Ends

Marcus Aurelius (161-180CE)Rulers that followed had know idea how to deal with the giant empire/problems

Rome’s Economy WeakensPirates and hostile tribes disrupted tradeReached the expansion limitRaised taxes/InflationOver worked soil-loss of fertility/war destroying farmland❖ Food Shortages and disease

Military/Political ProblemsLoyalty❖ Military❖ Citizens

Another Attempt at ReformDiocletian 284 CE

Strong willed army leaderIron Fist/Limited FreedomsRestored order and increased strengthFixed prices of goods to control inflationDivision of Empire❖ Greek speaking East: Great cities

and trade centers❖ Latin speaking West305 CE: Retired and civil war

Constantine324 CE: Single RulerMoved capital from Rome to Byzantium (Modern Turkey) middle of EmpireRenamed Constantinople and modeled Rome

9/5/2014

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Warm Up:

1. Name three things that Constantine did for

the empire.

2. Who declared Christianity the official religion

of the empire?

3. How did Diocletian improve the empire?

4. What were the reasons that Rome’s economy

weakened?

Western Empire Crumbles

Germanic InvasionsGermanic peoples gathered on Northern borders of Empire since Caesar in peace370CE: Mongol nomads/Huns destroying everything in their path

Germanic fled into Roman provinces

“Barbarians”-non-Romans

Unable to stop them

Attila the Hun

444CE united Huns for the first time

Direct threat-plundering cities

Failed to scale Constantinople walls

452CE advanced against Rome

❖ Disease and famine

Empire No More

Romulus AugustulusLast Roman Emperor14 year old boyOusted by German forces in 476 CE

Western Empire DisappearsNo emperor to rule Rome or its western provinces

Byzantine EmpireEastern half of EmpirePreserved both Greek and Roman cultures for another 1,000 years

Legacy of Greco-Roman CultureRome’s ability to govern/rule

Citizenship, technology, involvement, and territory

Greek Influence

Art, philosophy, literature, and architecture

Greco-Roman Culture

Roman presence still felt

❖ Latin Language❖ Romance Languages: French, Spanish,

Portuguese, Italian and Romanian❖ Master Builders

❖ Architecture, aqueducts, practicality

❖ Roman Law

❖ Basis of United States legal system

❖ All persons have the right to equal treatment under law

❖ Innocent until proven guilty❖ Punished for actions, not thoughts

❖ Rome achieves immortality