Warm Up 9/27Warm Up 9/271)1) The most common mineral group in Earth’s crust is The most common mineral group in Earth’s crust is

the ____________.the ____________.a. Carbonatesa. Carbonates c. Oxidesc. Oxidesb. Silicatesb. Silicates d. Sulfidesd. Sulfides

2)2) What are the building blocks of minerals?What are the building blocks of minerals?a. Elementsa. Elements c. Rocksc. Rocksb. Electronsb. Electrons d. Isotopesd. Isotopes

3)3) The building block of the silicate minerals is called The building block of the silicate minerals is called the _______________.the _______________.a. Silicon-aluminum trianglea. Silicon-aluminum triangleb. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedronb. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedronc. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedronc. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedrond. Silicon-oxygen triangled. Silicon-oxygen triangle

Answers: 1) b. 2) a. 3) c.Answers: 1) b. 2) a. 3) c.

Properties of Properties of MineralsMineralsChapter 2, Section 3Chapter 2, Section 3

ColorColor

Small amounts of different elements give Small amounts of different elements give the same mineral different colorsthe same mineral different colors

This property is not often used to identify This property is not often used to identify mineralsminerals

StreakStreak Streak is the color of a mineral in its Streak is the color of a mineral in its

powdered formpowdered form Streak is obtained by rubbing a mineral Streak is obtained by rubbing a mineral

across a streak plateacross a streak plate The streak’s color never varies between The streak’s color never varies between

different colors of a mineraldifferent colors of a mineral Can also see the differences between Can also see the differences between

minerals with metallic lusters and minerals with metallic lusters and minerals with nonmetallic (no streak is minerals with nonmetallic (no streak is produced)produced)

LusterLuster

Luster is used to describe how light is Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineralreflected from the surface of a mineral

Minerals that have the appearance of Minerals that have the appearance of metals have metals have metallicmetallic lusters lusters

Minerals with a nonmetallic luster are Minerals with a nonmetallic luster are described with many different adjectives described with many different adjectives (glassy, pearly, silky, earthy, brilliant)(glassy, pearly, silky, earthy, brilliant)

LusterLuster

Crystal FormCrystal Form

Crystal form is the visible expression of a Crystal form is the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atomsmineral’s internal arrangement of atoms

When a mineral develops slowly, it will When a mineral develops slowly, it will form a well-defined crystalform a well-defined crystal

Most of the time, minerals are competing Most of the time, minerals are competing for space, resulting in an intergrown for space, resulting in an intergrown crystal structurecrystal structure

Crystal FormCrystal Form

Concept CheckConcept Check

What two conditions produce crystals What two conditions produce crystals with well-defined faces?with well-defined faces?

Unrestricted space and a slow rate of Unrestricted space and a slow rate of formationformation

HardnessHardness

Hardness Hardness – a measure of the resistance – a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratchedof a mineral to being scratched

The Mohs scale consists of 10 minerals The Mohs scale consists of 10 minerals arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest)arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest)

Diamond, the hardest mineral on Earth, Diamond, the hardest mineral on Earth, can scratch anythingcan scratch anything

You can use your fingernail, copper You can use your fingernail, copper plate, glass, quartz, etc.plate, glass, quartz, etc.

Concept CheckConcept Check

What are three of the most useful What are three of the most useful properties for identifying unknown properties for identifying unknown minerals?minerals?

Hardness, streak, and lusterHardness, streak, and luster

CleavageCleavage

Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even cleave, or break, along flat, even surfacessurfaces

Some minerals have structures which Some minerals have structures which allow them to break easily into sheets allow them to break easily into sheets (mica)(mica)

Other minerals have very strong bonds, Other minerals have very strong bonds, and fracture insteadand fracture instead

CleavageCleavage

FractureFracture

Minerals that do not show cleavage when Minerals that do not show cleavage when broken are said to broken are said to fracturefracture (the uneven (the uneven breakage of a mineral)breakage of a mineral)

Concept CheckConcept Check

How are cleavage and fracture different?How are cleavage and fracture different? Cleavage is the tendency for a mineral to Cleavage is the tendency for a mineral to

break along flat, even surfaces. Fracture break along flat, even surfaces. Fracture is the uneven breakage of a mineral.is the uneven breakage of a mineral.

DensityDensity Density is the property of all matter that is the Density is the property of all matter that is the

ratio of an object’s mass to its volumeratio of an object’s mass to its volume

Density (d) = mass (m) / Volume (V)Density (d) = mass (m) / Volume (V) Density is usually expressed in g/cmDensity is usually expressed in g/cm33 in in

GeologyGeology Many common minerals have densities Many common minerals have densities

between 2 and 5 g/cmbetween 2 and 5 g/cm33 The density of a pure mineral is a constant The density of a pure mineral is a constant

value, and can be used to determine the purity value, and can be used to determine the purity or identity of some mineralsor identity of some minerals

Distinctive Properties of Distinctive Properties of MineralsMinerals

Some minerals can be recognized by Some minerals can be recognized by other distinctive propertiesother distinctive properties

Some minerals are magnetic, some you Some minerals are magnetic, some you can see through, some streaks smell like can see through, some streaks smell like rotten eggs, and some will bubble when rotten eggs, and some will bubble when acid is placed on themacid is placed on them

A mineral’s properties depend on the A mineral’s properties depend on the elements that compose the mineral (its elements that compose the mineral (its composition) and its structure (how its composition) and its structure (how its atoms are arranged)atoms are arranged)

AssignmentAssignment

Read Chapter 2, Section 3 (pg. 50-55)Read Chapter 2, Section 3 (pg. 50-55) Do Section 2.3 Assessment #1-6 (pg. 55)Do Section 2.3 Assessment #1-6 (pg. 55) Study for the Chapter 2 Quiz!Study for the Chapter 2 Quiz!