Warm Up 10/24/14Warm Up 10/24/141. 1. What was missing from the constitution What was missing from the constitution

that the Anti-Federalist wanted added in that the Anti-Federalist wanted added in order to protect liberty? order to protect liberty?

2.2. Explain the purpose of the Federalist Explain the purpose of the Federalist PapersPapers? ?

Chapter 3: The Chapter 3: The ConstitutionConstitution

Chapter 3 Section 1Chapter 3 Section 1Six Basic Principles Six Basic Principles

The 6 Basic Principles of US The 6 Basic Principles of US DemocracyDemocracy

► Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty Power held by citizens. Power held by citizens.

► Limited GovernmentLimited Government Gov. never above the lawGov. never above the law Constitutionalism:Constitutionalism: Gov. Gov.

must follow Constitutional must follow Constitutional guidelines guidelines

► Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers Gov. power is divided to Gov. power is divided to

protect libertyprotect liberty►Article I – Legislative Article I – Legislative

PowersPowers►Article II – Executive Article II – Executive

PowersPowers►Article III – Judicial PowersArticle III – Judicial Powers

► Checks & BalancesChecks & Balances Each branch of gov. can Each branch of gov. can

be restrained (checked) be restrained (checked) by other branchesby other branches

► FederalismFederalism Power is divided Power is divided

between the states & between the states & the federal gov.the federal gov.

► Judicial ReviewJudicial Review Power to interpret the Power to interpret the

constitutionality of a law constitutionality of a law or gov. actionor gov. action

If a law or action goes If a law or action goes against the Constitution against the Constitution it is declared it is declared unconstitutionalunconstitutional & the & the law is removedlaw is removed

8/24/118/24/111.1. The principle that favors a national gov. with three The principle that favors a national gov. with three

independent branches is calledindependent branches is called A.A. Separation of powersSeparation of powers

B.B. Federalism Federalism

C.C. Formal amendmentFormal amendment

D.D. executive actionexecutive action

2.2. Which of the following is an example of checks and Which of the following is an example of checks and balancesbalances??

A.A. The U.S Supreme Court declares that a law is unconstitutional.The U.S Supreme Court declares that a law is unconstitutional.B.B. Power is divided between the Federal Government and the Power is divided between the Federal Government and the

States.States.C.C. The Senate observes senatorial courtesy.The Senate observes senatorial courtesy.D.D. Congress passes a law.Congress passes a law.

Ch. 3 Sec. 2Ch. 3 Sec. 2Formal Amendment Formal Amendment

Changing the ConstitutionChanging the ConstitutionFormal AmendmentFormal Amendment

Changing the ConstitutionChanging the ConstitutionMethod 1Method 1► An Amendment may be An Amendment may be

proposed by a 2/3 vote in proposed by a 2/3 vote in each House of Congress.each House of Congress.

► And ratified by a 3/4 vote of And ratified by a 3/4 vote of State Legislatures.State Legislatures.

Method 2Method 2► An Amendment may be An Amendment may be

proposed by a 2/3 voteproposed by a 2/3 vote► Ratified by Conventions ¾ Ratified by Conventions ¾

votevote

Changing the ConstitutionChanging the ConstitutionMethod 3Method 3► An Amendment may be An Amendment may be

proposed by a national proposed by a national convention (called by 2/3 convention (called by 2/3 of the State Legislatures)of the State Legislatures)

► It must be ratified by ¾ of It must be ratified by ¾ of the state legislaturesthe state legislatures

Method 4Method 4► Amendment may be Amendment may be

proposed by a national proposed by a national convention & ratified by ¾ convention & ratified by ¾ of the states through of the states through convention.convention.

27 Amendments27 Amendments► The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

First ten amendments to the ConstitutionFirst ten amendments to the Constitution Set out guarantees of freedomSet out guarantees of freedom

Anti-Federalists wouldn’t ratify constitution Anti-Federalists wouldn’t ratify constitution without them. without them.

We are going to propose and We are going to propose and ratify an amendmentratify an amendment

►Discuss Amendment Discuss Amendment Pros vs. ConsPros vs. Cons

►Using Method 1 Using Method 1 Proposed by 2/3 vote in CongressProposed by 2/3 vote in Congress Ratified by ¾ of state legislatures Ratified by ¾ of state legislatures

10/27/1410/27/14

What is a formal amendment?What is a formal amendment?

How many amendments are there, and How many amendments are there, and what are the first 10 amendments what are the first 10 amendments called?called?

Ch. 3 Sec. 3Ch. 3 Sec. 3Constitutional Change by Other MeansConstitutional Change by Other Means

Constitutional Change by Other Constitutional Change by Other MeansMeans

Informal AmendmentInformal Amendment Changing the meaning of the Changing the meaning of the

Constitution without Constitution without changing the wording.changing the wording.

Basic LegislationBasic Legislation► Laws passed to explain several Laws passed to explain several

of the Constitution’s provisions.of the Constitution’s provisions.► Explain sections of Constitution Explain sections of Constitution

in greater detail than the in greater detail than the Framers did.Framers did.

Constitutional Change by Other Constitutional Change by Other Means cont.Means cont.

Executive ActionsExecutive Actions► Use of executive power to extend the Use of executive power to extend the

Constitution.Constitution.► Executive Agreement-Executive Agreement- Pact made by the Pact made by the

President directly with the head of a President directly with the head of a foreign state. foreign state.

► TreatyTreaty – Formal agreement between two – Formal agreement between two or more sovereign states. or more sovereign states.

Constitutional Change by Other Constitutional Change by Other Means cont.Means cont.

Court DecisionsCourt Decisions► Supreme Court uses Judicial Supreme Court uses Judicial

Review.Review.

Party PracticesParty Practices► Political parties have shaped Political parties have shaped

politics by their actions.politics by their actions.► CustomCustom

The Constitution did not The Constitution did not clearly lay-out rules for clearly lay-out rules for every aspect of every aspect of government, so customs government, so customs have developed.have developed.