WAR WITH SPAIN

Chapter 22, Section 3

A HEMISPHERIC GIANT

Many Latin Americans worried that the United States wanted to dominate the Western hemisphere

A CONFERENCE TO IMPROVE RELATION

Secretary of State James G. Blaine set out to improve relation with Latin America

1889 he invited Latin American nations to a conference in Washington to improve relations and remove trade barriers

Pan-American Union: a group created to work together to solve the problems of the hemisphere.

FEARS REMAIN

Latin American were still suspicious of the United States

They refused to open their borders to trade

Feared a flood of American imports would hurt their own industry

REVOLT IN CUBA

The Ever Faithful Isle Cuba, unlike other Spanish colonies did

not revolt against Spanish rule in the early 1800s.

1868 a violent revolution broke out in Cuba for ten years

Some Cuban revolutionaries like Jose Marti, fled to New York where they wrote about the Cuban struggle for Independence.

A NEW REVOLT

1895 Marti returned to Cuba Rebels launched a new fight against

Spain Rebels won control of more than half of

the island

A NEW REVOLT In response Spain sent a new governor

to Cuba, General Valeriano Weyler Weyler used brutal tactics to crush the

revoltHalf a million men were herded into

detention campsAt least 100,000 died

AMERICANS REACT

Cuba lay only 90 miles from southern Florida

American trade with Cuba was worth more than $100 million a year

Many American business leaders felt US involvement might hurt their trade

Other sympathized with the Cuban’s desire for freedom and wanted the government to react

WAR FEVER

The press stirred up American feelings for Cuba

Pulitzer’s World and Hearst’s Journal competed to print grisly stories about Spanish cruelty

They both knew war with Spain would boost newspaper sales.

“BLOOD, BLOOD, BLOOD!”

Pulitzer and Hearst used yellow journalism to play on the emotions of readers.

President Cleveland wanted to avoid war with Spain

When William McKinley became president in 1897 he also tried to keep the country neutral

REMEMBER THE MAINE!

1898 fight broke in Havana Cuba President McKinley set the battleship

Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property

REMEMBER THE MAINE! An explosion on the Maine killed at least

260 of the 350 sailors The real cause of the explosion has

never been determined American led by Pulitzer and Hearst

clamored for war with Spain April 22, 1898 Congress declared war

with Spain

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Spanish -American War Lasted only 4 months Battlefront stretched from the Caribbean

to the Philippine islands

DEWEY TAKES THE PHILIPPINES

Commodore George Dewey received secret orders from Theodore Roosevelt to prepare to attack the Philippines

American bombarded the Spanish ships in Manila harbor and destroyed the Spanish fleet

American rejoiced at the news of Dewey’s victory

Local people had been fighting for independence in the Philippines just as in Cuba.

With help from Emilio Aguinaldo and rebels Americans captured Manila

FIGHTING IN CUBA

American troops landed in Cuba Dressed in heavy wool uniforms in the

tropical heat and eating spoiled food! Rough Riders: First volunteer Cavalry

regiment; Organized by Theodore Roosevelt

BATTLE FOR SANTIAGO

Santiago was a key Cuban city Roosevelt led the Rough Riders and

joined black soldiers of the 9th and 10th regiments up San Juan Hill and Kettle

American troops took the hill

BATTLE FOR SANTIAGO Battle of San Juan Hill did not end the

war Santiago Bay: 2 days later American

destroyed the Spanish fleet troops claimed the island of Puerto Rico American losses : 379 killed in battle but

5,000 died of other causes like yellow fever and malaria

THE FRUITS OF VICTORY

1898 in a peace treaty Spain agreed to grant Cuba its freedom

Spain also gave the US Puerto Rico and Guam

US paid $20 million for the Philippines With the new area the dream of

expansionist had come true, the United States had an empire

RULING CUBA AND PUERTO RICO

When the war with Spain began American had promised to leave the government and control of Cuba to its people

LIBERTY FOR CUBA?

That promise was not kept Many in Congress believed Cuba was

not ready to run their own government Business leaders opposed full

independence because they wanted to protect their investments

LIBERTY FOR CUBA? The United States allowed Cuba to

write their own constitution But, forced them to sign the Platt

AgreementLimited Cuba’s right to make treaties and

borrow moneyAllowed the US to intervene in CubaGave the US control of a naval base at

Guantanamo Bay(Cuba was NOT truly independent)

LIMITED FREEDOM FOR PUERTO RICO

Foraker Act: the US set up a new government for Puerto Rico

Gave Puerto Ricans a limited say in their own affairs

1917 Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the United States

American set up schools improved health care and built roads on the island

WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES

When the US took over their land after the was Filipinos felt betrayed

Emilio Aguinaldo and others renewed their fight for independence against the Americans

Aguinaldo accused the Americans of forgetting their own beginnings

The war dragged on for years

WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES 1901 Aguinaldo was captured and the war

was over More than 4,000 American died in the

Philippines 20,000 Filipino loses and another 200,000

civilians died 1902 US set up a government similar to the

on e in the Puerto Rico Filipinos were not made US citizens because

they planned to give them independence 1946 Filipinos were allowed to govern

themselves