War Brings ChangeWar Brings Change

The DraftThe Draft

Draft (legal means of requiring people to serve in the Draft (legal means of requiring people to serve in the military) – both sides passed draft laws in 1862 and military) – both sides passed draft laws in 1862 and 1863. Age range was 18-35 years of age. Wealthy 1863. Age range was 18-35 years of age. Wealthy bought their way out of it. bought their way out of it.

In the North, these laws created violence and unrest In the North, these laws created violence and unrest in NYC. Riots and murders occurred. 105 people in NYC. Riots and murders occurred. 105 people died in 1863. The wealthy often bought their way died in 1863. The wealthy often bought their way out of the draft.out of the draft.

Critics questioned Lincoln and his reasons. He Critics questioned Lincoln and his reasons. He responded by shutting down newspapers, and responded by shutting down newspapers, and imprisoning 13,000 Americans who objected to the imprisoning 13,000 Americans who objected to the draft or his federal politics.draft or his federal politics.

The DraftThe Draft

In the SouthIn the South– Draft: General Robert E. Lee required military Draft: General Robert E. Lee required military

service.service.

3 years of service for white men ages 18 to 3 years of service for white men ages 18 to 35 (age raised to 45 and then 50).35 (age raised to 45 and then 50).

¼ of men drafted were deserters. ¼ of men drafted were deserters.

TaxesTaxes

The first Federal Income tax. 3% if you made less The first Federal Income tax. 3% if you made less than 10K and 5% if you made more than 10K.than 10K and 5% if you made more than 10K.

Taxes on liquor, tobacco, medicine, newspaper ads, Taxes on liquor, tobacco, medicine, newspaper ads, etc. Most of these taxes ended with the war. etc. Most of these taxes ended with the war.

The IRS continued and collected taxes from The IRS continued and collected taxes from individuals and corporations.individuals and corporations.

ExpansionExpansion

Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – government offered Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 – government offered public land and money to companies if they would public land and money to companies if they would build a railroad from NE to the Pacific Ocean.build a railroad from NE to the Pacific Ocean.Homestead Act of 1862 – granted 160 acres of Homestead Act of 1862 – granted 160 acres of federal land to settlers who improved it within 5 federal land to settlers who improved it within 5 years.years.Morrill Act of 1862 – money from the sale of land Morrill Act of 1862 – money from the sale of land went to fund agricultural colleges in each state. went to fund agricultural colleges in each state. Also, it created the Department of Agriculture to Also, it created the Department of Agriculture to promote farming.promote farming.

Lincoln’s response to criticsLincoln’s response to critics

He put KY under Martial Law (emergency rule He put KY under Martial Law (emergency rule by military authorities during which some of the by military authorities during which some of the Bill of Rights are suspended). He is the only Bill of Rights are suspended). He is the only president to ever exercise this power.president to ever exercise this power.

He arrested many reporters who criticized the He arrested many reporters who criticized the U.S. government. U.S. government.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Sept. 22, 1862 – Abraham Lincoln Sept. 22, 1862 – Abraham Lincoln

It said, as of Jan. 1, 1863, all enslaved people in It said, as of Jan. 1, 1863, all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion against the government areas of open rebellion against the government would be free.would be free.

It didn’t take immediate action because of the war, It didn’t take immediate action because of the war, but it was a promise that the slaves would be free but it was a promise that the slaves would be free when the Union won. This gave the slaves hope.when the Union won. This gave the slaves hope.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Many slaves had already set themselves free.Many slaves had already set themselves free.

They would escape to an area where the Union They would escape to an area where the Union soldiers were. They became contraband (property soldiers were. They became contraband (property seized by the government). The government, as seized by the government). The government, as their legal owner, could declare them free.their legal owner, could declare them free.

Once free, they could fight to free others. African Once free, they could fight to free others. African Americans totaled 180,000 (10% of Union forces). Americans totaled 180,000 (10% of Union forces). 68,000 were killed/wounded, and 21 received the 68,000 were killed/wounded, and 21 received the Medal of Honor.Medal of Honor.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address

November 19, 1863 November 19, 1863

He spoke at a dedication ceremony at the He spoke at a dedication ceremony at the Gettysburg battlefield.Gettysburg battlefield.

In a short speech, Lincoln explained the In a short speech, Lincoln explained the meaning of the war and redefined the meaning of the war and redefined the meaning of the United States.meaning of the United States.

Read Lincoln’s Gettysburg address. Read Lincoln’s Gettysburg address.

How were his war aims different than they had How were his war aims different than they had been at the beginning of the war?been at the beginning of the war?

1864 Election1864 Election

Lincoln was reelected. Voters now showed Lincoln was reelected. Voters now showed their approval for both his war policy and his their approval for both his war policy and his stand against slavery.stand against slavery.

In February of 1865, the 13th Amendment was In February of 1865, the 13th Amendment was passed, then ratified in December of 1865. passed, then ratified in December of 1865. The 13The 13thth Amendment abolished slavery. Amendment abolished slavery.

– "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."jurisdiction."

Lincoln Assassinated – April 14, 1865Lincoln Assassinated – April 14, 1865

Just 5 days after Confederate surrender, Just 5 days after Confederate surrender, President Lincoln is attending the play President Lincoln is attending the play Our Our American CousinAmerican Cousin at Ford’s Theater in at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.Washington D.C.

Joining Lincoln is Henry Rathbone (major Joining Lincoln is Henry Rathbone (major in Civil War), his fiancé Clara Harris and in Civil War), his fiancé Clara Harris and Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd.Lincoln’s wife Mary Todd.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

April 14, 1865April 14, 1865Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater““Our American Our American Cousin” Cousin” Lincoln’s funeral Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to train took 14 days to travel from D.C. to travel from D.C. to Springfield, IL. Springfield, IL. Millions of people Millions of people lined the railroad lined the railroad tracks to pay their tracks to pay their respects. respects.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth– The assassinThe assassin– Shakespearean actorShakespearean actor– Outraged by Lincoln Outraged by Lincoln

and his views on and his views on slavery.slavery.

Nine other people were Nine other people were involved in the involved in the assassination. Four assassination. Four were hanged, four were were hanged, four were imprisoned, and one imprisoned, and one acquitted. acquitted.

Plans ChangePlans Change

In July of 1964, Booth secretly met with In July of 1964, Booth secretly met with Confederate soldiers in Boston to organize a Confederate soldiers in Boston to organize a plan to kidnap Lincoln. He wanted to hold him plan to kidnap Lincoln. He wanted to hold him hostage in exchange for the release of southern hostage in exchange for the release of southern prisoners, to replenish the Confederate troops. prisoners, to replenish the Confederate troops.

On inauguration day of 1865, Booth and his On inauguration day of 1865, Booth and his conspirators stood a few feet away from Lincoln conspirators stood a few feet away from Lincoln speaking. With Lee’s surrender a month later, speaking. With Lee’s surrender a month later, the kidnapping plans changed and so he the kidnapping plans changed and so he therefore planned to assassinate Lincoln. therefore planned to assassinate Lincoln.

Lincoln is shot in the back of the head and Lincoln is shot in the back of the head and dies the following morning.dies the following morning.

(Left to Right) Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln, Abe, Booth)(Left to Right) Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Mary Todd Lincoln, Abe, Booth)

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

What happened?What happened?

After Booth shot Lincoln at close range, he After Booth shot Lincoln at close range, he dropped the pistol on the floor. Pulling out his dropped the pistol on the floor. Pulling out his knife, he went to jump over the balcony, but knife, he went to jump over the balcony, but was momentarily stopped by Rathbone. was momentarily stopped by Rathbone. Rathbone was cut in the altercation and Rathbone was cut in the altercation and suffered major blood loss.suffered major blood loss.

He leaped over the balcony and landed on He leaped over the balcony and landed on stage, breaking his ankle. He then ran across stage, breaking his ankle. He then ran across the stage and out the door to his waiting horse.the stage and out the door to his waiting horse.

““Sic Semper Tyrannis!”Sic Semper Tyrannis!”

After landing on stage, Booth yelled “Sic After landing on stage, Booth yelled “Sic Semper Tyrannis,” meaning “Thus Always to Semper Tyrannis,” meaning “Thus Always to Tyrants.Tyrants.

The audience was stunned and didn’t know The audience was stunned and didn’t know what happened. Many didn’t hear the shot what happened. Many didn’t hear the shot because of the clapping in the play. Others because of the clapping in the play. Others thought this was part of the play. thought this was part of the play.

How did Booth get so close?How did Booth get so close?

Booth knew the theater well. As a famous Booth knew the theater well. As a famous actor, he had access to the theater at all hours. actor, he had access to the theater at all hours. In fact, while traveling, he had his mail In fact, while traveling, he had his mail forwarded to the theater.forwarded to the theater.

It is believed that he rehearsed the It is believed that he rehearsed the assassination during the dress rehearsal of the assassination during the dress rehearsal of the play that day. There, he planned his escape.play that day. There, he planned his escape.

He used his fame to get to the President. He used his fame to get to the President. Lincoln’s body guard let him by since he knew Lincoln’s body guard let him by since he knew the President wanted to meet him. the President wanted to meet him.

Taken Across the StreetTaken Across the Street

Dr. Leale, who was the first doctor to reach the Dr. Leale, who was the first doctor to reach the President, thought a bumpy carriage ride to the President, thought a bumpy carriage ride to the White House would kill Lincoln. He needed to White House would kill Lincoln. He needed to get to the first available bed, which was across get to the first available bed, which was across the street, at the Peterson boarding house. the street, at the Peterson boarding house.

12 doctors saw the President that night and 12 doctors saw the President that night and twice tried to remove the bullet, but those twice tried to remove the bullet, but those attempts were unsuccessful. attempts were unsuccessful.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

Ward Hill LamonWard Hill Lamon

Friend and bodyguardFriend and bodyguard

of Lincoln.of Lincoln.

Where was he? Where was he? Richmond, VA.Richmond, VA.

Lincoln’s dream about Lincoln’s dream about his own his own assassination?assassination?

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

Boston CorbettBoston Corbett

Sergeant in Union Sergeant in Union Army.Army.

One of 26 men sent One of 26 men sent

after Booth.after Booth.

Shoots and kills Shoots and kills Booth against orders.Booth against orders.

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination

A brief history of Boston Corbett:A brief history of Boston Corbett:– Wife dies during childbirth. Wife dies during childbirth. – Moves to Boston to become a hatter.Moves to Boston to become a hatter.– Begins wearing his hair long to imitate Jesus.Begins wearing his hair long to imitate Jesus.– Castrates himself with a pair of scissors in 1858 to avoid temptations of Castrates himself with a pair of scissors in 1858 to avoid temptations of

prostitutes.prostitutes.Then (supposedly) he eats dinner and attends a prayer meeting before Then (supposedly) he eats dinner and attends a prayer meeting before seeking medical help.seeking medical help.

– Joins Union Army and becomes a sergeant.Joins Union Army and becomes a sergeant.– Fatally shoots Booth on April 24, 1865Fatally shoots Booth on April 24, 1865

receives $1,600 rewardreceives $1,600 reward

– Is declared insane in 1887 and put in an asylum.Is declared insane in 1887 and put in an asylum.– Escapes from the asylum in 1888 and is never heard of again.Escapes from the asylum in 1888 and is never heard of again.

It is believed he was headed for Mexico, some believe he died in the Great It is believed he was headed for Mexico, some believe he died in the Great Fire of Minnesota in 1894.Fire of Minnesota in 1894.

Did Anyone Really Win?Did Anyone Really Win?

The death toll !!!!The death toll !!!!– The South lost its independence and 258,000 men of the 1.4 The South lost its independence and 258,000 men of the 1.4

million that fought.million that fought.– The North didn’t win a quick war it hoped for. The Union lost The North didn’t win a quick war it hoped for. The Union lost

360,000 men of the 2.7 million that fought.360,000 men of the 2.7 million that fought.– 623,000 soldiers died in Civil War, almost as many soldiers than 623,000 soldiers died in Civil War, almost as many soldiers than

in all other U.S. wars combined.in all other U.S. wars combined.

The country is in shambles and reconstruction The country is in shambles and reconstruction is needed.is needed.This country’s great leader is dead. The South This country’s great leader is dead. The South lost a protector who was trying to rebuild lost a protector who was trying to rebuild peacefully, not reunite based on anger, peacefully, not reunite based on anger, hatred, and revenge. hatred, and revenge.