“War Between the States”“Brother’s War”“War of Northern Aggression”

“Children’s Crusade”

March 1861

Lincoln’s Inaugural Address

Lincoln pleaded for preservation of the Union.

Promised the south he would not interfere with slavery.

April 12th 1861

Fort Sumter is Attacked starting the Civil WarLincoln unwilling to give

up federal territory in the southern states.

Supplies are sent to Union commander Major Robert Anderson at Fort Sumter in South Carolina

Fort SumterConfederate forces led by

P.G.T Beauregard fire upon Fort Sumter

Confederate forces have captured surrounding Forts Johnson and Moultrie

Fort SumterAnderson formally surrendered

April 13th within 36 hours of the first shots.

There were zero causalities from the attack

The north and south increase preparations for war.

AR, TN, NC, and VA secede and join the Confederacy (now 11 states)

Capital of CSA moved from Montgomery AL to Richmond VA

Anderson Beauregard

Raising ArmiesApril 15, 1861- President Lincoln

issues a public declaration that calls for 75,000 militia to stop the rebellion.

As a result of this call for volunteers, four additional southern states secede from the Union in the following weeks.

Lincoln will respond on May 3 with an additional call for 43,000+ volunteers to serve for three years, expanding the size of the Regular Army.

Bounty Jumpers

Men joined willingly at first.

Cash rewards were given to those who joined.

Bounty jumpers would sign up then leave to sign up again with a different name.

Economics of the WarNorth South

22 million people4 million men of combat ageTrained army and navy100,000 Factories22,000 miles Rail line$56 million in Gold

9 million people (3.5-4 million were slaves).8 million men of combat ageNone20,000 Factories9,000 miles Rail lineNo gold

1. Military Leaders from West Point2. Fighting on southern land (homes and familiarity)3. A cause to fight for independence

What were the advantages of the Confederacy?

War Time StrategiesNorthern Strategies Southern Strategies

1. April 19, 1861 Naval BlockadeWhat was the purpose?

2. IroncladsWhat was life like on an Ironclad?

3. Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan (General Winfield Scott)

4. Attacks on RichmondWhy attack Richmond?

5. Later Strategies from Sherman and GrantA) Destroy Confederate Armies on

BattlefieldsB) Lay waste to land in the south(Total Annihilation of the South)

1. Blockade Runners (just like Rhett Butler from Gone with the Wind)What were they for and why were blockade runners successful?

2. Wear down the Yankees (defensive fighting)

3. Swift raiders at sea to capture merchant ships

4. Ironclads and submarines

5. King Cotton DiplomacyHow is cotton going to win the War?

The War ProgressesFirst Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

Date: July 21, 1861

Description: First major land battle of the armies in Virginia. Battle convinced the Lincoln administration that the war would be a long and

costly affair.Thomas J. Jackson earns the name Stonewall Jackson

Location: Fairfax County and Prince William County VA

Georgia’s Involvement: Georgia’s 21st Regiment lost 184 of its 242 men (almost 76% of its troops)

Outcome: Confederate victoryUnion ConfederateIrvin McDowell Joseph Johnston P.G.T. Beauregard

The Great Locomotive Chase

Spring 1862How does the song

capture the events of the Great Locomotive Chase?

How would an event like this impact the south had it been seen to fruition?

Raising of Armies

Confederate Congress approves of drafting men to serve in the army (1862 Conscription) after the Battle of Manassas

How do people respond?

U.S. Congress declares a draft in 1863

Capture of Fort Pulaski

Fort Pulaski was considered invincible due to its heavily reinforced 7-1/2-foot solid brick walls.

Pulaski surrounded by the Savannah River and wide swampy marshes

In April 1862 Union Forces had captured Tybee Island

Captain Quincy Gilmore and Union forces ask for Confederate surrender of Pulaski April 10, 1862

Capture of Fort Pulaski

Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, commander of the Confederate garrison, rejected the offer

30 hours of cannon fire on Fort Pulaski led to destruction of the walls due to the Union’s technology (rifled artillery fire)

Olmstead was forced to surrender

Battle of Antietam (Bloodiest Single Day in American History)

Date: Sept 17, 1862

Description: Lee wanted to keep the offensive by attacking the North. McClellan was called on by President Lincoln to protect the capital. 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing after 12 hours of fighting. Battle ended the Confederate Army’s first invasion into the North. Memorable places include Sunken Road and Burnside Bridge

Location: Antietam MarylandOutcome: Inconclusive (Union strategic victory.) Gave Lincoln the victory he

desired before issuing the Emancipation proclamation.

Union ConfederateGeorge B. McClellan Robert E. Lee

Freeing of Slaves

Emancipation Proclamation issued Sept 22, 1862

How does the Emancipation Proclamation give hope to slaves?

The Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to the slaves in the Confederate States if the States did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. In addition, under this proclamation, freedom would only come to the slaves if the Union won the war.

By October 1863 there were 58 black regiments in the Union Army

Gettysburg (Bloodiest Battle of the War)

Date: July 1-3, 1863

Description: Lee concentrated his full strength against Meade. Confederacy and Union forces received reinforcements after the first day. Total of 158,300 men between the Union and Confederacy. Notable locations of the battle: Peach Orchard, East Cemetery Hill, and Devil’s Den. July 4, Lee began to withdraw his army towards the Potomac River. Gettysburg was the second attempt by Lee to invade the north but failed

Location: Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaOutcome: Union victoryUnion ConfederateGeorge G. Meade Robert E. Lee

Implementing the Draft in the UnionWhy is the draft implemented?

How does the draft impact the morale of Northerners during the war?

Chickamauga (River of Death)

Date: Sept 19-20 1863

Description: Rosecrans sought to push Confederate forces out of Chattanooga into Georgia. Bragg was able to push Rosecrans back with the help of Gen. James Longstreet The Union withdrew at nightfall to Chattanooga until late November.

Location: Outside Chattanooga TN (Chickamauga Creek)Outcome: Confederate Victory that failed to follow up on Union

RetreatUnion ConfederateWilliam Rosecrans Braxton Bragg

ChattanoogaDate: November 23-25 1863

Description: Grant had just taken charge of the Union’s western armies. Confederate forces were attacking Chattanooga so Grant called for supplies and reinforcements. William T. Sherman arrived in mid November. Grant attacked Lookout Mountain and captured it 6 hours later. Grant, Sherman, and George Thomas were able to break through the Confederate line opening the door to the Deep South.

Location: Chattanooga TNOutcome: Union VictoryUnion ConfederateUlysses S. Grant Braxton Bragg

AndersonvillePrisoner exchange which

was policy at the beginning of the war had stopped (northern black prisoners killed by captors)

Military prisons were overflowing

Andersonville built for 10,000 but held 30,000

AndersonvilleAndersonville (Camp Sumter) in Macon

county built to handle overflow of prisoners in Richmond

Prison was known for poor conditions, lack of food, water, and medical supplies

Supplies were not readily available because of the blockade and its location to central GA.

Confederate medical team recommended moving soldiers to other locations

Henry Wirz ConvictedHenry Wirz oversaw Andersonville

and tried to improve conditions

Lack of authority over the guards and supply officers limited his effectiveness.

He quickly became the primary target of prisoners' resentment and hostility.

Executed for excessive cruelty in 1865

Ulysses S. Grant

March 10, 1864Ulysses S. Grant is given

official authority to command all of the armies of the United States.

Atlanta CampaignSpring and Summer of 1864

Sherman faced Joseph Johnston who had 60,000 troops to hold back Sherman

Battles fought at Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, and New Hope Church

Kennesaw MountainJoseph E. Johnston withdrew his army to

a new defensive position: Kennesaw Mountain, to the north and west of Marietta.

Johnston wanted to protect his supply line: the Western and Atlantic Railroad.

Sherman attacks June 27th at 9am thinking Johnston’s men are spread too thin and by 11:30 the attack had failed.

Sherman, claims the battle as "the hardest fight of the campaign up to that date," lost roughly 3,000 men.

Atlanta CampaignOverall Johnston was forced to

retreat due to low ammunition

Johnson’s strategy was defensive while Jefferson Davis wanted someone who would attack offensively

John Bell Hood replaced Johnston and battled Sherman’s troops into Atlanta

Capture of Atlanta

November 16th 1864 the city of Atlanta was burned and Sherman began his march to sea.

Capture of Atlanta

Battles were fought in Atlanta for two months

Hood left the city Sept 1 1864 and the city is captured by Sherman

Atlanta was a major rail and weapons center in the south.

Sherman’s March to SeaNov 15, 1864-Dec 21,

1864After capturing Atlanta,

Sherman marched to Savannah

Sherman believed marching an army across the state would show that the Union had a power the Confederacy could not resist

Sherman’s March to SeaHomes, railroads, towns, farms,

etc. that would support the Confederate army were destroyed.

Sherman's march frightened Southerners.

It hurt morale for those who had believed the Confederacy could protect the home front.

Sherman had also captured cities like Milledgeville where he occupied the governor’s mansion

Sherman’s March to SeaIn an effort to draw Sherman

back John Bell Hood, marched into AL, leaving GA to Union forces.

Hood hoped that if he invaded Tennessee, Sherman would be forced to follow.

Sherman had anticipated this strategy and had sent Major General George H. Thomas to Nashville to deal with Hood

Capture of SavannahSavannah was going to be a

Christmas present for Lincoln.

Savannah housed 25,000 bales of cotton (unable to ship due to the blockade) as well as heavy guns and ammunition

Sherman did not burn Savannah because of the resources available

Capturing Savannah cut off vital supplies to Lee in Virginia Sherman’s headquarters in Savannah

Appomattox CourthouseGeneral Robert E. Lee SurrendersJan 13, 1865 the last Confederate

blockade running port was closed in North Carolina (Fort Fisher)

Lee asked to meet with Grant but the meeting was denied until the south surrendered.

Lee attempted to push Union troops back but was unsuccessful and cut of on his retreat.

April 9 1865 Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse

Lincoln is Assassinated

Who is the person accused of the assassination?Where does the assassination take place?

Jefferson Davis is CapturedAfter Lee’s failed

attempts to push back Union forces in Virginia, Davis left Richmond to Danville to avoid capture.

He was captured near Irwinville GA May 10, 1865.

13th AmendmentDecember 6th, 1865 the 13th Amendment was

added into the United States ConstitutionThe 13th Amendment abolished slavery and

involuntary servitude.