waqas mirwani research paper on child labor in uthal tehsil
DESCRIPTION
This is a case study on Child Labor Issue in Uthal Tehsil Lasbela District.Fact and figures were collected by distributing Questionaires among different Schools,Firms,and diiferent Faculties in Luawms University. This was Submitted to Luawms University for Degree of Bs Economics.Your Feedbacks are welcomed.Regards:Waqas Atha Mirwani,Faculty of SSMIT Deparment of Economics Luawms UthalEmail address ::[email protected]TRANSCRIPT
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
This is to certify that the
Project Titled:
CHILD LABOUR IN LASBELA
Presented by:
Mr. Waqas Ahmed
Has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for Survey research in the
Department of Economics, LUAWMS Uthal University, 2015
Research Assistant Research
Supervisor
Mr. G. Abbas Ghani Prof. Dr. Syed
Manzoor Ahmed
Date: 5/05/2015
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Acknowledgement
"In the name of Allah, the Gracious, and the Merciful"I have taken efforts in this project.
However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many
individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Sir Abbas Baloch and Dr.Manzoor Ahmed Baloch for their guidance
and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project
& also for their support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & my class fellows Specially
Hameer Hamza, Abdul Majid , Mama Saleem , Muslim Meer ,Kamran Baloch , Shoaib
Shagaf Abdul Razzaq, Ehsan Baloch for their kind co-operation and encouragement which
help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks
to my teachers for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciations also go to
my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with
their abilities.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this research reports to my beloved Brother and parents that they
always encouraged me and they work hard on me to achieve my goals as they expected from
me.. I am extremely thanks full to them that they motivated me on educational fields to show
my best skills and abilities to complete their dreams into reality. I have not enough words for
them, just I pray that May ALLAH always blessed on them.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Table of contents
Chapter No.1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..4
Chapter No.2
Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………6
Chapter No.3
Background…………………………………………………………………………..7
Methodology………………………………………………………………………….8
Study question………………………………………………………………………..8
Study hypothesis……………………………………………………………………..8
Sampling Size…………………………………………………………………………8
Chapter 4
Results an discussion………........................................................................................9
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….16
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………….17
References …………………………………………………………………………….18
Appendix
Survey questionnaire
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Chapter No 1
Introduction
Child labor is critical situation in the global world.The child labor issue is have a significant
value in our society, children are most importan part of the every society and they are most
standard and bright future of the nation but unfortunately we seems to be failed to controlling
this issue .Although in our society children are being used as slaved they have been deprived
from their childhood lust. Child labour has emerged as a serious, widespread and growing
problem in many parts of the world. Asia has a large number of children employed as child
labourers. Child Labour Survey 1996 reports that there are 3.3 million children working
between the ages of 5 and 14 years in Pakistan.According to survey of 1996 on child labor
most of children being used as labor in 60% from Punjab then Sindh ,KPK and Balochistan
respectively .as Balochistan and KPK are conservative society their child labor ratio are
lesser then Punjab and Sindh.According sources the Carpet manufacturing used 90% of child
labors as roughly.And Majority of child labors are engaged in Agriculture sector ,harvesting
spraying the crops .It hurts me to say our Government society and Organization are not
enough active to control the issue.
What is Child Labor?
Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the
world ,growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young
children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215
million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are
considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts
of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large
numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and
domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution
or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Chapter No 2
Literature review
Ranjan Ray (2000) tested two hypotheses and stated that there is a positive
association between hours of child labour and poverty, and there is a negative association
between child schooling and poverty. Ray has used data obtained from the Pakistan
Integrated Household Survey, 1991. Both of these hypotheses are confirmed by the Pakistani
data, but not by the Peruvian data. The reduction in poverty rates due to income from
children’s labour is greater in Pakistan than in Peru. The nature of interaction between adult
and child labour markets varies with the gender of the child and the adult. In Peru, rising
men’s wages significantly reduced the labour hours of girls, whereas in Pakistan there is a
strong complimentarity between women and girls’ labour markets. Both data sets confirm the
positive role that increasing adult education can play in improving child welfare.
Taking a sample of 100 children from the urban areas of Pakistan, (Khan, 1982) hours
worked by child labourers on variables such as age, schooling, family size, experience and
family income were regressed. Poverty, illiteracy of parents and lack of educational facilities
were identified as the variables, which lead to supply child labour. Competition in the global
market has raised the demand for cheap and exploitable labour. This further impoverishes
societies because wages are pushed lower by child labour and adults remain underemployed
or out of work. Thus, the cycle of labour and deepening poverty continues through
generations.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Chapter No 3
Background
Child labour first appeared with the development of domestic employment in agriculture and
in the cottage as well as informal sector of the economy1. Children were used intensively at
whatever task they could perform. This system was important in England, North America and
in the Continent from the 16th to 18th centuries. The domestic system was largely replaced
by the factory system associated with industrialisation or "Industrial Revolution" that gained
impetus in the 18th Century. This system led to a large increase in the number of children
working away from their families inside the villages or even outside the villages for long
hours and under hard conditions. The children used to work for lower wages than that of
adults and were not able to create labour troubles. Similar conditions were common in the
United States and Canada too. The Select Committee Report of 1831-1832 is an enormous
document reporting on a series of interviews of child labourers, factory owners and
managers. The story that emerged is that children who worked for long hours were
frequently beaten and paid a pittance. According to the Census of England and Wales in
1861, 36.9 percent of boys in the age group 10-14 years were labourers. One of the more
systematic investigations of the historical role of law in the decline of child labour occurs in
the work of Mochling (1998). Her focus of study is the United States from 1880-1910. She
concluded that the minimum age restriction had little impact on the employment of children
in the United States. The origin of debates on child labour can be found in the writings of
Karl Marx (1867), Marshall (1920) and Pigou (1920). With economic and social
development, child labour was abolished in the developed countries. However, it is still
present in developing countries.
In Pakistan, children have worked side by side with their parents either in their homes,
in farming or in other family occupations. But this was child work, an occasional form of
work having no element of exploitation. This form of work was acceptable and in fact
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil prepared children for adulthood. But children seldom worked outside their villages without
their family members until the 1960s. In this era, a dramatic effort was made to expand the
manufacturing base in Pakistan, which led to a large increase in the number of children
working outside their homes in factories and workplaces whose owners sought to maximise
profits by keeping down labour costs. The range of child labour extends from children being
involved in family occupations such as sheep rearing to pernicious forms reminiscent of
children’s work. Children work in family based agriculture, factories, workshop, tailoring,
handicrafts, carpet weaving, manufacturing surgical instruments, leather, footwear, brick
kilns, stone/brick crushing and sports goods production.
Many children in Pakistan work under a bonded system. In this system an advance of bonded
money, called peshgi, is given for a person. As long as the debt lasts the worker/debtor is
bound to the creditor/employer. If the worker becomes ill or dies, the family is responsible
for the debt and it is often passed down through generations. Often children are put to work to
pay off existing debts. The peshgi system was legally abolished in 1988 in a case against
brick kiln owners, and the Bonded Labour Abolition Act of 1992 cancelled all obligations of
bonded labourers to their employers
Methodology
The quality of data is very important in order to draw reliable conclusions. The collection of
data was complex because of the non- reliable responses of Respondents. A fairly
representative and sound sample is essential if a limited survey is to yield fruitful results. In
this surveyI distribute questionnaire’s to Student in lasbela University Uthaldifferent places
of Uthal City.
Sample size
Since the population or the universe of the study is very large, therefore it was decided that
the following sample size will be selected for the study. The 75 respondents were
interviewed, and the distributed questionaires.
Objective of the study
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil This survey conduct in Uthal Tehsil of District if there is Child labor if yes then what are the
factors which are responsible of its existence.
Study Research Question
Economic factor responsible for child labor
Study Hypothesis
Higher the rate of poverty higher would be the practice of child labor. They are positively
correlated.
4: Chapter
Results and Discussions
1: Table
The total respondents are 75 people. Out of total respondents 51 are males and 24
respondents are female comprising 68% are males and 32% are females of the whole
sample.. These results can be seen through graph.1
1.1: Table
The 66 respondents are singles and 9 are married comprising 88% and 12% of the whole
sample respectively. These results can be seen through graph 1.1.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
1.2: Table
Table.1.2 The question asked from the people ,is there exist any child labor near by them?. .
thirty seven people said that they child labor exists near by them and 38 responded as no
out of 75 respondents comprising 49%. And 51% of the whole sample.These results can be
seen through graph. 1.2.
1.3: Table
Table.1.3 shows thatThere was a question in my survey that if working in underage is good
or not. Mostly the people responses with option denial.The 54 responded as they are not
agree with statement of working in underage is good they said that working underage is not
good. Almost 72 percent of respondent did not agreed. The findings can be seen graph 1.3
.
1.4: Table
Table.1.4 shows thatAccording to results of the survey people blame the Poverty as big
elephant on increment of child labors. In the survey of my case study the question of was
asked with four factors “Illiteracy, Poverty, Lack of awareness and Guardian Careless”
.Almost 63% of respondents were claim that the major reasons of child labor is Poverty.
These results can be seen through graph. 1.4
1.5: Table
Table.1.5 shows Most of the of child prefer School then work, this statement was asked to
people during survey 55% of respondent strongly agreed that children very keen to go school
instead of working. 28% only agreed and But some the people don’t think so, 8% strongly
denied the statement and 11% of respondent Disagree that children prefer School rather than
workingThese results can be seen through graph. 1.5
1.6: Table
Table.1.6. shows that UNICEF is the most efficient organization which is keenly working to
resolve this crucial issue, 68% of respondent UNICEF is better than others. According my
survey Govt is so much lazy to revolt this trouble, and International Labor Organization also
is not much effect to handle the booming issue. But 19% peoples are some however satisfied
with civil society .According to my respondents efficiency of ILO is 9% and govt 5%..
These results can be seen through graph. 1.6
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
1.7: Table
Table.1.7. shows data collections 48% respondent are satisfy with role of Unicef but 52% are
not fully satisfy with role of UNICEF . findings cam be seen in the graph. 1.7
1.8: Table
Table.1.8 shows Most of the people Strongly disagreed with statement that Govt playing an
important role to eradicate this ill. Graph 1.8 also presents a visual picture.
1.9: Table
Table.1.9 Shows Responding to my question 39% of people are agreed that civil society can
also play an vital role to control this issue . 15% were denied the statement 16% were
unaware about this and 31% of sample were agreed but not sure .I think civil society can
bring awareness among people that can be able understand this is very harmful issue I am
agree too civil society can play a good role .In the below graph which is showing percentage
and Frequencies of respondents. These results can be seen through graph. 1.9.
2: Table
Table.2 shows the Mostly people think that mainly responsible of child labor is Government
because Govt is not going such any good step to highlight the main reason and resolve those
issue which are main elements of child labors.48% of my sample are blaming to Govt. and
39% are blaming parents that why parents forces to children to earn for them any how other
13% says that civil society also responsible why Civil Society is not highlighting this
booming issue .These results can be seen through graph.2.
2.1: Table
Table.2.1 shows thatIslamic Laws can help the to eradicate this issue 36% are strongly agree
and 45% were agreed and other hand some of the people who are not satisfied with the
statement whose ratio is 8% are strongly disagree and whom disagree with the statement is
11%. Graph 2.1 also presents a visual picture.
2.2: Table
Table.2.2 shows the whole data 39 percent of my respondents strongly agreed and 42 percent
of respondents just agreed for involvement of Government, NGOs and Civil society to reduce
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil child labor over the country. There are also such respondents who disagreed and strongly
disagreed the statement but the ratio of denier (11:8) is lesser than supporter.
. Graph 2.2 also presents a visual picture.
2.3: Table
Table.2.3 shows During the survey of case study in uthal on child labor issue, I tried to get
idea from people if child labor average is increasing, Most of respondents said that labor
average is increasing with passage of time due to ignorance of the government. 81%
responded as Yes with the statement and 19% denied .cumulatively people ideas led that
child labor is increasing.. Graph 2.3 also presents a visual picture.
2.4: Table
Table.1.2 shows I also asked question during collecting data, “if Under age working leaves a
negative effect on child health” most of respondents replied with yes and few of the people
are not agreed .they said nope.As whole percentage of with “Yes” 84% and other 16% were
replied with nope. These results can be seen graphically Graph 2.4
2.5: Table
Table.2.5 shows Frequently respondents are not satisfied with wages of child labors, Almost
84% are not satisfied and only few (16%) people are satisfied. This guidsthat wages are not
being given to worker as much as they work , it too much harshing with their social rights.
These results can be seen through graph.2.5
2.6: Table
Table.2.6 shows that In the survey I got ideas from peoples that most of children are engaged
in work in Restaurants and agri-fields and several are working in workshops. As in above
graph representing respondents ideas.32% thinks that children are working in Restaurants and
31% says that they are engaged in agri-fields and 29% respondents feels that children are
working in work shop and less amount 8% says that children are working in Industries
because there are few industries in uthal tehsil. These results can be seen through graph.2.6.
2.7: Table
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.2.7 shows Another statement given by me if we finish the poverty the child labor can
be reduced. Responding to me most of people are replied with yes option and said that as first
step to control child labor to finish poverty of and some of them were disagreed they said
nope.Almost 73% a huge ratio agreed that and lesser amount 26% denied my statement.
These results can be seen through graph.2.7.
2.8: Table
Table.2.8 is showing Mostly the child labors are not aware of their social rights and I tried to
get idea from people if its true or false. Frequently respondents said its true, they responded
Agreed and Strongly Agreed as ratio (52:37) and fewer of them replied as disagree and
strongly disagreed (4:7) .If you see in above graph mostly people’s ideas are same with me.
These results can be seen through graph.2.8.
2.9: Table
Table.2.9 shows According to people ideas in my data collection survey, mostly people
thinks that legislation is not supporting these child labor .69% responses are saying that
legislation is not much effective to support and 31%
thinks that legislation is supportive . These results can be seen through graph.2.9.
3: Table
The table 3 shows the male and female responses if there is any child labor near by them.
Males frequently answered with Yes .regarding this question almost 28 male responses as
Yes and 23 denied out of total 51 males. Other side females replied with nope frequently.
Total females respondents were 24 , 15 of them reply with denier answer and 9 accepted they
have near by them. Culmulatively answered Yes were 37. And with No 38,
Further its explained graphically as in Graph.3.
3.1: Table
Table.3.1 shows the Here across tabs of male and female Genders responses with “if
Underage working is good”Mostly both genders disagreed about this statement but some of
them were favour it .Regarding this statement 37 males responses negatively out of 51
respondents they think that under age working is not good . and 14 males were supporting
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Other side 17 female were also denied that .they feel that working underage is not good child
should not work. Only 7 of them saying that child working is good . Graph 3.1 explained
further.
3.2: Table
The table.3.2 and graph.3.2 represents the male and female responses about reason that
obligates child to work in under age. How any work itself a obligation I tried to know that
what is main reason behind this issue .I put four main factor that are common in our society
in my survey most of respondents male and female blamed poverty. In male gender 38
respondent blames on Poverty, 6 blamed illiteracy, 5 thinks that lack of awareness and 2 are
agreed that guardian care less.
In whole mostly respondents were agreed that poverty is the major reason behind this crucial
issue.
3.3: Table
Table.3.3 shows the findings of my survey most of respondents were favoring the UNICEF as
an efficient organization working on this issue. out of 75 samples 50 respondents were voted
UNICEF, Out of them 31 males and 19 females. 12 males and 2 females were also voted for
civil society as efficient. However if include International labor Organization (ILO) only 5
male and 2 females are responding. But very poor government is not much efficient to win
hurts and minds only 3 males 1 females’ response to government as efficient organization.
These findings can be seen in graph 3.3
3.4: Table
The table 3.4 and graph 3.4 representing my survey result of male and female responses
about the role of UNICEF.If they are satisfied or not. In feed backs I got that 26 males are not
satisfied and 25 were 25 satisfy that this NGO is working for this issue. Other hand 13 female
respondents are not satisfied and 11 are perfectly satisfied with role of UNICEF in uthal
Tehsil.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
3.5: Table
The Table.3.5 and graph.3.5 shows feed backs from male and female respondents that how
much they are satisfy with role of Govt controlling child labor. Almost 24 male and 11
females strongly disagreed these 16 males and 8 females only disagree with statements. It
means that they are satisfy with role of Govt.But 3 male 1 female respondents that are
strongly agree and satisfy with role of Govt. only 8 males and 4 females are agree. Overall it
shows level of satisfaction is too much low.
Chi Square Test of Independent and dependent categories
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .852a 3 .837
Likelihood Ratio .840 3 .840
Linear-by-Linear Association .138 1 .710
N of Valid Cases 75
The table shows the Chi-Square, if the value of T-state is greater than 0.05 than we will not
reject null hypothesis it mean that the Categories are independent. Otherwise t-stat value less
than 0.05 than we will accept null hypothesis it mean categories are dependent. In our case
the T-state value is 0.837 it means the t-state value is greater than 0.05, here we will not
reject null hypothesis and we can say that categories are Independent.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Descriptive Statistics of Age
Descriptive Statistics
N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic
Age 75 28 17 45 21.79 .454 3.929
Valid N (listwise) 75
This table shows that there total 75 respondents in my sample and in these respondents
maximum age is 45 and minimum is 17,And obviously if we minus maximum age into
minimum age value we get range which is 28. Standard deviation is 4.00 and average 22.00.
Conclusion
The respondent of this study suggested that child labor in their society exist 49% says yes and
other suggested otherwise.
Most of the respondents of this study are against the child labor.
The study concludes also that most of children prefer to go to school rather than working.
The study also conclude that 66% of respondents Satisfy with UNICEF and they said that It is
most efficient organization(NGO) that is working on child labor issue.
The study also suggests that most of the respondents are not satisfied with role of UNICEF on
reduction of child Labor in the Society.
According to my findings the major reason of child labor higher rate of poverty in the
society.
This Study also concluded that legislation in our country is not much effective to control
child labor.
Results of my findings shows that most of child labor in Uthal Tehsil are engaged in
Restaurants.
This study also concluded this ill eradicated by implementation of Islamic laws in the society.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Recommendations
1. The government may provide income generating activity in the
area. This will control the child labor.
2. The government should provide facilities and funds poor
families in the less developed area
3. Illiteracy ranks second to poverty, and leads to child labor,
therefore the government must implement its literacy programs
more effectively, so that more people become literate and
educated.
4. The Deputy Commissioner of the Lasbela and other NGOs in
area must make the people aware of the negative effects of the
child labor. Further more, some initiatives are necessary to
control the child labor in the area
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
References
Mendelson, Sarah E. and John K. Glenn (Eds.) 2002. The Power and Limits of
NGOs. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mendelson, Sarah E. and John K. Glenn (Eds.) 2002. The Power and Limits of
NGOs. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mullin, Rick. 1996. “Managing the Outsourced Enterprise.” Journal of
Business Strategy, Jul/Aug96, 17 (4): 28-36.
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Havnesköld, L., & Risholm Mothander, P. (2009). Utvecklingspsykologi (3rd ed.).
Stockholm: Liber AB.
Institute for labor studies. (1994). Comprehensive study on child labor in the Philippines. Manila: Institute for labor studies. Kvale, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun (2nd ed.). Lund: Studentlitteratur.
Lagerberg, D., & Sundelin, C. (2008). Risk och prognos i socialt arbete med barn.
Stockholm: Gothia Förlag.
Larsson, S., Lilja, J., & Mannheimer, K. (2005). Forskningsmetoder i socialt arbete. Lund:
Studentlitteratur AB.
Meeuwisse, A., Swärd, H., Eliasson- Lappalainen, R., & Jacobsson, K. (Eds.). (2008).
Perspektiv på sociala problem. Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.
Merriam, B, B. (1994). Fallstudien som forskningsmetod. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
Neuman, L, W. (2006). Social research methods, qualitative and quantitative approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Appendix
Table.1
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Male 51 68.0 68.0 68.0
Female 24 32.0 32.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.1
Marital Status of the Genders
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Single 66 88.0 88.0 88.0
Married 9 12.0 12.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.2
child labor near by People
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 37 49.3 49.3 49.3
No 38 50.7 50.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.3
Do agree that Working in Underage is good?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 21 28.0 28.0 28.0
No 54 72.0 72.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.4
What is major Reason of Child labor?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Valid Illiteracy 11 14.7 14.7 14.7
Poverty 47 62.7 62.7 77.3
Lack of awareness 12 16.0 16.0 93.3
Guardian care less 5 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.5
Children Prefer School!
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly agree 41 54.7 54.7 54.7
Agree 20 26.7 26.7 81.3
Strongly disagree 6 8.0 8.0 89.3
Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.1.6
Most Efficient Organization on child Labor
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
UNICEF 50 66.7 66.7 66.7
ILO 7 9.3 9.3 76.0
GOVT 4 5.3 5.3 81.3
CIVIL SOCIETY 14 18.7 18.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.1.7
Satisfactions of Peoples with Role of UNICEF
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 36 48.0 48.0 48.0
No 39 52.0 52.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table1.8
Government is Playing Importan Role
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly agree 4 5.3 5.3 5.3
agree 12 16.0 16.0 21.3
Stronly disagree 35 46.7 46.7 68.0
Disagree 24 32.0 32.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table1.9
People Idea about role of Civil society!
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes I do 29 38.7 38.7 38.7
NoI don't 11 14.7 14.7 53.3
I don't Know 12 16.0 16.0 69.3
May be 23 30.7 30.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.2
Responsible for children as Labor
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Parents 29 38.7 38.7 38.7
Govt 36 48.0 48.0 86.7
Civil Society 10 13.3 13.3 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.2.1
Implementation Islamic Laws can eradicate this ill
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly Agree 27 36.0 36.0 36.0
Agree 34 45.3 45.3 81.3
Strongly Disagree 6 8.0 8.0 89.3
Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.2.2
Involvement of All Govt,NGO,Civil Society
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly Agree 29 38.7 38.7 38.7
Agree 32 42.7 42.7 81.3
Strongly Disagree 6 8.0 8.0 89.3
Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table2.3
Ideas about Increment Labor Average?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 61 81.3 81.3 81.3
No 14 18.7 18.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.4
Under age working leaves a negative effect on children health
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 63 84.0 84.0 84.0
No 12 16.0 16.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.5
Satisfaction with wages of Child Labors
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 12 16.0 16.0 16.0
No 63 84.0 84.0 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.6
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil In which Sector mostly children are engaged in Uthal Tehsil.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agrifields 23 30.7 30.7 30.7
Industries 6 8.0 8.0 38.7
Restaurants 24 32.0 32.0 70.7
Workshops 22 29.3 29.3 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.7
Eradicating Poverty as first step can help to control child
labor
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 55 73.3 73.3 73.3
No 20 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.8
Young worker unaware of their Social rights
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly Agree 28 37.3 37.3 37.3
Agree 39 52.0 52.0 89.3
Strongly Disagree 3 4.0 4.0 93.3
Disagree 5 6.7 6.7 100.0
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Young worker unaware of their Social rights
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Strongly Agree 28 37.3 37.3 37.3
Agree 39 52.0 52.0 89.3
Strongly Disagree 3 4.0 4.0 93.3
Disagree 5 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table2.9
In Our country Legislation is not effective to support these
child labors
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Yes 52 69.3 69.3 69.3
No 23 30.7 30.7 100.0
Total 75 100.0 100.0
Table.3
Cross Tabs of Married and Unmarried
Status
Total Single Married
Gender Male 47 4 51
Female 19 5 24
Total 66 9 75
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.3.1
Labor near by People Crossed with Gender
Labornear
Total Yes No
Gender Male 28 23 51
Female 9 15 24
Total 37 38 75
Table3.2
Gender Cross with Working Underage is
Good
wrk.underage
Total Yes No
Gender Male 14 37 51
Female 7 17 24
Total 21 54 75
Table3.3
Gender crossing “Child Labor Reason
Reason.lbr
Total Illiteracy Poverty Lack of awarness Guardian care less
Gender Male 6 38 5 2 51
Female 5 9 7 3 24
Total 11 47 12 5 75
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil Table.3.4
Children prefer School Instead of working
Total Strongly agree Agree Strongly disagree Disagree
Gender Male 29 11 5 6 51
Female 12 9 1 2 24
Total 41 20 6 8 75
Table.3.5
Gender Crosstabs with Efficient Organization
Total UNICEF ILO GOVT CIVIL SOCIETY
Gender Male 31 5 3 12 51
Female 19 2 1 2 24
Total 50 7 4 14 75
Table.3.6
Role of UNICEF cross tabs with Gender
role.unicef
Total Yes No
Gender Male 25 26 51
Female 11 13 24
Total 36 39 75
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Table.3.7
Gender * govt.roleCrosstabulation
govt.role
Total Strongly agree agree Stronly disagree Disagree
Gender Male 3 8 24 16 51
Female 1 4 11 8 24
Total 4 12 35 24 75
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graphic Visuals
Graph No.1. Gender
Graph No.1.1 Marital Status
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Male Female Total
Frequency
Percent
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Single Married Total
Valid
Percent
Frequency
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.1.2 Child Near By
Graph No.1.3 Under age Working
Child near by People
Yes
No
Total
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Yes No Total
Valid
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.1.4 Reason of child labors
Graph No.1.5 Child Preference
FrequencyPercent0
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency
Percent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Stronglyagree
AgreeStronglydisagree
Disagree Total
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.1.6 Most Efficient organization
Graph No. 1.7 Role of UNICEF
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Frequency
Percent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Frequency Percent
Yes
No
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.1.8 Wages of child labors
Graph No.1.9 Role of Government
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
Yes No
Frequency of wage satisfaction
Frequency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Strongly agree agree Stronlydisagree
Disagree
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.2 Role of Civil Society
Graph No.2.1 Responsible child labor
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Yes I do NoI don't I don't Know May be
Frequency
Percent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Parents Govt Civil Society
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.2.2 Islamic Laws
Graph No.2.3 Involvment of all
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
StronglyAgree
Agree StronglyDisagree
Disagree
Percent
Frequency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Strongly Agree Agree StronglyDisagree
Disagree
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.2.4 Increment Labor average
Graph No.2.5 child working effect on health
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Frequency Percent
Yes
No
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Frequency Percent
Yes
No
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.2.6 Wages of satisfaction
Graph No.2.7Working sector of child labors
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Frequency Percent
No
Yes
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Agrifields Industries Restaurants Workshops
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.2.8Eradicating Poverty as First Step
Graph No.2.9 Young Workers are not aware of their social rights
Yes
No
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
12
Yes
No
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
StronglyAgree
Agree StronglyDisagree
Disagree
Frequency
Percent
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.3 not much effective legislation
Graph No.3.1 Cross tabulation of married and singles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Frequency Percent
No
Yes
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Single Married
Status Total
Male 47
Female 19
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.3.2 Cross Tabulation Labor near by them
Graph No.3.3 Cross Tabulation of Underage working
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Yes No
Labornear Total
Female
Male
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Male Female
wrk.underage Yes
wrk.underage No
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.3.4 Cross Tabulation Reasons of child labors
Graph No.3.5 Cross Tabulation of Child Preference
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Illiteracy Poverty Lack ofawarness
Guardiancare less
Reason.lbr
Female
Male
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Stronglyagree
Agree Stronglydisagree
Disagree
Male
Female
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Graph No.3.6 Cross Tabulation of Efficient Organization
Graph No. 3.7 Cross Tabulation of GOVT role
Male
Female0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
UNICEFILO
GOVTCIVIL
SOCIETYefficient.org
Male
Female
Male
Female0
5
10
15
20
25
Stronglyagree
agreeStronly
disagreeDisagree
govt.role
Male
Female
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil
Questioner
1) What is your gender?
a) Male b) Female
2) What is your age?
…………………………….
3) What is your marital status?
a) Single b) Married
4.) Is there any child labor near by you?
a) Yes b) No
5 Do you agree working in under age is good?
A) Yes b) No
6) What is major reason of child labour?
a) Illiteracy b) Poverty
c) Lack of awareness d) Guardian care less
7) Do you agree that childern preferred Schools instead of working?
a) Strongly Agree b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree
8) Which Organization is working more efficiently onlabour issue?
a) UNICEF b) ILO
c) Govt d) Civil Society
9) Are you satisfy with role of UNICEF in controlling child labor?
a) Yes b) No
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil 10) Govt is playing important role to controlling child labor.
a) Strongly Agree b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree
11) Do you think civil society can play an important role to eradicate this ill?
a) Yes I do b) No I don’t
c) I don’t know d) May be
12) Who is the responsible for children as labors?
a) Parents b) Govt
b) Civil Society NGOs
13) This ill can be eradicated by implementation of Islamic laws.
a) Strongly Agree b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree
14) Child labor can be controlled by the involvement of Govt, NGO, And Civil Society together.
a) Strongly Agree b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree
15) Do you agree Child labor average is increasing?
a) Yes b) No
16) The underage working leaves a negative effect on children health.
a) Yes b) No
17) What do you feel when you see a child working?
a) Sad b) Happy
c) Very sad d) Very Happy
18) Do you satisfy with wages of child labors?
a) Yes I do b) No I don’t
19) Children are working on which sector mostly in Lasbella?
Child Labor A Case Study of Uthal Tehsil a) Agri-Fields b) Industries
c) Restaurants d) Workshops
20) Eradicating poverty, however, is only the first step on the road to eliminating child labor.
a) Yes b) No
21) Young workers are unaware of their rights and less likely to complain or revolt.
a) Strongly Agree b) Agree
c) Strongly disagree d) Disagree
22) In Pakistan the legislation is simply not effective enough to support these workers.
a) Yes b) No
23) What is your own opinion suggestion regarding this crucial issue? (Optional)
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……………………………………………………Thank you very much for sharing your ideas