wadi best practices
DESCRIPTION
Best practices for WadiTRANSCRIPT
WADI PROGRAMME
BEST PRACTICES
PLOT SELECTION Well drained soil Sloppy Avoid land under
High tension electric supply Dense canopy
Proper distance should kept when plot is near to highways, big roads
Plot should belong to Family
PLOT MARKING
Preparation of measured rope Distance between two plants
10 x 10 meter for mango 7 x 7 meter for cashew, Awala,
Cusraed apple, lemon etc. Distance from Fencing Staggered layout for high slope
PIT DIGGING Size
1x1x1 meter for fruit 0.3 x 0.3 x0.3 for forestry
Marked area Keep soil separately On sloppy land
keep uppermost layer soil on top Pit should be 1 meter from down stream side
Size should maintained from top to bottom No pits should be under canopy /electric /
telephone lines
Pit filling Pit filling should be completed when the pit is dry i.e. by
end of May. Keep ready the fertilizer, pesticides ready Dust pesticides before filling Fill pit layer by layer
At bottom 15 cm of dry leaves + layer of top soil 10 cm layer of green leaves and small twigs + layer of top soil
second layer of 25 cm consisting of mixture of soil (excavated from the upper layers of the pit) and FYM or dried dung
followed by a layer of 45 cm consisting of mixture of soil. Bone Meal and Neem Cake.
A small heap of 30 cm should be made on the top Insert one wooden peg at center
Selection of Grafts
Procured from genuine source Healthy, sturdy graft At least one year old Height 2 to 2.5 ft Care should be taken during
transportation
Plantation of Grafts
Before plantation: Ensure no water stagnation in pit. Pit should be filled above ground
level. Graft should be healthy Grafts should be planted same day
when it received
Plantation of Grafts During plantation:
Dig out small pit and apply light irrigation (if possible / if needed)
Remove plastic bag carefully by using sharp blade and without disturbing soil ball.
Keep graft in pit and add soil and press it. Ensure that no air in pit Keep grafted portion one inch above
ground level
Plantation of Grafts
After plantation: ‘H’ type staking should be given
immediately. Irrigate the plant if no rains occurred (for more than 3 days)
Plantation of Forestry
Time: End of June to first week of July after monsoon settled. Planting should be done in late afternoon or evening. Planting in morning period should be avoided.
While planting teak stump / cutting care should be taken to plant it at slanting position and not vertical.
AFTERCARE:STAKING Why
To protect the graft from heavy rains and wind
To ensure proper growth of grafts
AFTERCARE:STAKING How
Collect 4 ft. long sticks Give ‘H’ type staking to each graft Use only cotton thread or local material for tying Do not use nylon rope Use ‘8’ type knot during tying Distance between two sticks should be maintained properly Strips should be straight and sound. It should not be inclined
and thin. As far as possible use dry sticks (avoid fresh cuttings). The staking should be done in the proper direction (East-
West) As the graft grows taller, height of the staking should be
increased.
WhenTechnically staking should be done immediately after plantation..
AFTERCARE: Basin Preparation Basin should be
round In month of
october Soil loosening
every 15 days Weeding regularly
Mulching After monsoon Use agriculture
waste material Straw, leaves Other material
Plastic sheet Stones
Stir material regularly
AFTERCARE: Shade for trees Benefits
Tender leaves and shoots protected Scorching avoided Protects soil moisture by preventing heavy
evaporation loss Prevent cracking in soil, which in helps to
reduce evaporation water loss Cracks near the stock are not developed
which reduces evaporation Keeps soil cool/soil temperature is
maintained.
AFTERCARE: Shade for trees
Care should be taken Height of the sticks should be more
than grafts top is thatched with Grasses or leaves
or Gunny sheet. Bottom of the sticks are to be
painted with tar paint before fixing it into the soil.
AFTERCARE: Removal of offshoots
Method With the secateur unwanted branches are
removed. Spray of Disinfectant lie Bavistin, copper oxichlosile is to be sprayed.
In first year below the joint and from second year upto 1 mt. from the ground level to develop spherical shape or
umbrella shape of the tree.
Removal of offshoots
Benefits One can develop spherical shape
canopy Strong branches can be developed More flowering More fruit setting and yield Healthy fruits can be obtained
Live hedge Fencing
The fencing should be done for whole WADI plots instead of individual tree.
Material used for dry fencing: Dry branches of Karvand, Ber, sadada, bamboo, nirgudi, karvi and other thorny material available in the area
Fencing When Dry fencing should be done after pit
digging in month of May Live hedge fencing should be done in
June to July (onset of monsoon). Species belong to cactus family and Sagargota should be planted in May.
The live hedge could be planted in two or three strips and it should be in zigzag pattern.
Inter cropping pattern Kharif (Cereals): Dwarf varieties of finger millet,
(Heavy feeder like maize should be avoided) Legumes kharif: Green gram, Black gram, Matki, Kulthi Rabi: Chickpea, Peas, Masur, Bitter beans Oil seeds kharif: Soybean, Groundnut Rabi: Safflower Vegetable kharif: Tomato, Brinjal, Chilies, Onion,
Spinach Rabi: Fenugreek, Spinach, tomato, Brinjal, Chilies,
Onion shade loving plants (carrot, turmeric, sweet potato,
medicinal plants) should be planted after 7 to 8 years
Inter crops in horticulture plantation
Due considerations Proper combinations of fruit trees and improved dwarf varieties of
cereals. Proper combination of fruit trees and improved varieties of
Legumes. Proper combination of fruit trees and imp-varieties of vegetables. Application of diversity (more species) and complexity (multiple
functions) Manage cropping patterns diversified in root structure, which will
explore different soil strata. It should fulfill nutritional needs of the family throughout the year
and manage crops accordingly. High yielding improved varieties should be used. Cropping pattern should be useful to protect soil from erosion (by
wind or water), heat and toxic substances and supply of organic matter to soil life.
Combination should have symbiotic activity.
Aftercare for Forestry Weeding whenever weeds are they, must be
removed. Earthing up and basin preparation is essential. Plantation on trench-cum-bunds will have fast growth. 15 to 20 Gram DAP applications in the month of
August. In second year weeding in August and October is
essential due to which maximum nutrition supply will be provided to the forest plants.
Pruning of unwanted branches is beneficial, so that plant nutrients will be diverted to plants, will receive sunlight and growth will be fast .
Watering at early stage is equally important to enhance the Growth.
Protection from trace passers and animals.
Watering
Development stage (Growth stage) which is of 2-3 years, watering should be given as indicated below
Year Rainy Season
Winter Season Summer Season
First year If required One time in a week Two times in a week
Second year
If required One time fortnightly Two times fortnightly
Third year If required One time in a month Two times in a month
Every time two buckets of water (30 liters) should be given, proper size of basin is essential for this. It should be in proportion with canopy of the plant
Watering
Benefits of watering Nutrients are supplied to all part of
the plants. Reduced fruit drops Fruit in size and weight increases. Fruits become healthy and weight of
fruits increased.
SOIL CONSERVATION WADI
Presently 2 activities of soil conservation have been identified Trench cum bund for slopes less than
10% Trench and platform for slopes more
tan 10% Other conservation activities may be
done area specific.
Pest Control
Integrated Pest Management Use of organic pesticides Minimum use of chemicals