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TRANSCRIPT
•
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/'-" Vi MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRE C'l' 10. ,·'1
SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
" 1/' COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY t, SEVEN SOUTHERN STATES
Prepared by: Cheryl D. Purvis
and Sandra ¥. C. Martin
Collection Instrument by: Gene McGahey
w. Scott Fulton, Director Systems Development
March 24, 1980
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: SCOPE OF THE STUDY
CHART 1 Map of States Surveyed TABLE 1 Comparative Data Survey TABLE 2 Population Data TABLE 3 Budget Data
CHAPTER II: BUDGET AND POPULATION ANALYSIS
CHART 2 CHART 3 CHART 4 CHART 5
CHART 6 CHART 7
CHAPTER I II :
CHART 8
CHART 9
CHAPTER IV:
CHART 10
CHART 11
TABLE 4 TABLE 5
Corrections Budget for Seven States Offender Popule,tion for Seven States FY1980 Corrections Budgets Community Services Budget Per
Offender Supervised Institutional Budget Per Inmate Total Budget Per Offender
STAFFING
Ratio of Inmates to Correctional Officers
Ratio of Inmates to Institutional Staff
SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS
Incarceration Rate Per 100,000 Population
Ratio of Escapes to Total Inmate Population
Recidivism Rates Revocation Rates
Page
1
2 3-4 5 6
7
8 9
10
11 12 13
14-15
16
17
18-19
20
21 22 23
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CHAPTER I SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Budget and offender data were gathered from seven states in a
mail-out survey with telephone follow-up. The responding states are
shown on the map (see CHART 1) with their respective populations.
Two other states (Alabama and Georgia) were contacted but did not
reply.
A complete overview of the data collected is shown on TABLE 1.
Subsequent tables and charts display and analyze these data.
DATA LIMITATIONS
The results of any study are directly related to the clarity
of ~uestions asked and clarity of responses received. Four items in
this study require clarification or emphasis:
1. The incarceration rates per 100,000 population reported by the seven states have been revised using a standardized source of population data (1978 Census Bureau estimate obtained from the Mississippi R&D Center.)
2. Recidivism rates were available for only 4 of the 7 states.
3. Only one state, Mississippi, was able to provide probation and parole revocation rates. This is because Mississippi is one of a very few states, nationwide, with an automated information system for both probation and parole.
4. Only two states, Mississippi and Louisiana were able to provide a breakdown of community supervision offenders by type of offense (violent or property) and race. 'It is presumed that the remaining states lack the necessary automated system to generate such data .
1.
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Estimated Population
- AR 2 , roi;-DOU---'-'-
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KY 3,490,000 LA' 3,986,000
-MS--'-'2';'400 ~ 000 * * .... . .. '",.' ** * ',' ****' :.~ .. '. . ** . '" *. :.;: .'. . .. :.... * ._-_.----_ .. _ ... ~.-.--;-.--...... _---,---- -.......... _--_. __ .. -----------
·OK· 2,842,000 SC 2,102,000
-'IN 4, 333'";·000-----·
------_ ... -- •. _------ ... __ . __ .. _-_._-_._- CHART 1 ..
'.":' ~,: .: .. ~ .,. - -----_._---
• ~,i i· i" :t:, :1· ! . I. t . I I '~. ill "t .\ " I
COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY
ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA
STAFF
INSTITUTIONAL 731 940 3;096 CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS 421 603 2,478
INSTITUTIONAL OFFENDER PROFILE
POPULATION 2,811 3,712 7,682
VIOLENT OFFENDERS 1,608] 57% N/A 2,906J 60%
PROPERTY OFFENDERS N/A 1,913 40% 1,203 43%
MINORITY OFFENDERS 1,366 ] 48% 1,072 J 29% 5,402 J 70%
WHITE OFFENDERS 1,445 52% 2,640 71% 2,280 30%
COHHUNITY SUPERVISION OFFENDER PROFILE
POPULATION
PAROLE l, 927 J 77% 2,
362J 39% 1,806 J 11%
PROBATION 580 23% 3,650 61% 14,281 89%
VIOLENT OFFENDERS N/A N/A l,
239J 14%
PROPERTY OFFENDERS N/A N/A 7,775 86%
MINORITY OFFENDERS N/A N/A 7,309
J 45%
WHITE OFFENDERS N/A N/A 8,778 55%
INCARCERATION RATE PER 100,000 POPULATION (1978 POP.) 129 106 192
BUDGET TOTAL DEPARTMENTAL BUDGET 18,200,000 ' 33,089,500 96,975,875 CONN UNITY SERVICES 1,450,000 5,101,800 6,484,430 INSTITUTIONAL 12,200,000 24,169,000 71,557,569 ADMINISTRATIVE & OTHER 4,550,000 3,818,700 18,933,876
CAPITAL IHPROVEHENTS 7,800,000 10,000,000 78,166,478
TABLE 1
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mSSISSIPPI OKLAHOMA SOUTH CAROLINA
717 1,553 1,466 513 1,021 1,083
3,399 3,632 7,638
1,639 J 59% l,598J 56% 5,142J 67%
1,137 4l% 1,265 44% 2,496 33%
l,866J 67% 1,257 J 35% 4,412J 58%
904 33% 2,316 65% 3,226 42%
l,884J 30% l,823J 15% 3,883 J 17%
4,496 70% 13,000 88% 18,719 83%
l,875J 30% N/A N/A
4,402 70% N/A N/A
3,454
J 52% N/A N/A
N/A N/A 3,172 48%
141 128 363
17,489,200 50,755,698 42,467,607 2,815,001 9,093,670 4,254,317
14,674,199 29,162,749 38,213,290 12,499,279
17,983,000 15,000,000 30,774,282
TENNESSEE
3,116 1,615
5,905
3,033J 60%
2,049 - 40%
3,055J 52%
2,850 48%
2,442J 25%
7,329 75%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
136
59,234,646 2,618,154
39,554,226 17,062,266
15,325,000
VJ .
• 12 HONTHS TRACKING: ·JAN.-DEC., 1979
INSTITUTIONAL ESCAPES INSTITUTIONAL ASSAULTS WIINJURY
BETHEEN INNATES INVOLVING STAFF
INSTITUTIONAL HURDERS
RECIDIVISH RATES ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA NISSISSIPPI OKLAHmlA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE
REVOCATION RATES ARKANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA HISSISSIPPI Probation
OKLAHO~IA
SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE
Parole
• COMPARATIVE DATA SURVEY (CONTln)
ARKANSAS KENTUCKY
23
10 11 o
RELEASE YEAR (BASE YEAR)
1973 1974, 1975, 1976
1976 1978 N/A NIA N/A
RELEASE YEAR (BASE YEAR)
NIA NIA N/A 1978 1978 NIA NIA N/A
91
30 19 o
LOUISIANA MISSISSIPPI
73
N/A N/A N/A
47 .'
NIA N/A o
RETURNED WITHIN
3 Years 5 Yrs., 4 Yrs., 3 Yrs.
2 1/2 Years 3 Mo., 6 Mo., 1 Year
N/A 3 Years N/A
RETURNED WITHIN
N/A NIA N/A
3 Ho., 6 Mo., 1 Year 3 Ho., 6 Ho., 1 Year
N/A N/A N/A
TABLE 1 Cont'd
• OKLAHOHA SOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEE
66 210 440
14 279 NIA 25 15 N/A 1 1 6
RECIDIVISM RATE
19.1 44.6, 35.8, 27.8
20.1 2.4, 4.6, 8.1
N/A 24.9 NIA
REVOCATION RATE
N/A NIA NIA
2.2, 5.4, 7.4 3.1, 5.2, 10.9
N/A NIA N/A
.p-o
• •
POPULATION DATA
1978 CENSUS INMATE PAROLE PROBATION TOTAL ESTIMATE POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION OFFENDERS
ARKANSAS (AR) 2,167,000 2,811 1,927 580 5,318
KENTUCKY (KY) 3,490,000 3,712 2,362 3,650 9,724
LOUISIANA (LA) 3,986,000 7,682 1,806 14,281* 23,769
MISSISSIPPI (MS) 2,400,000 3,399 1,884 4,4·96 9,779
OKLAHOMA (OK) 2,842,000 3,632 1,823 13,000 18,455
SOUTH CAROLINA (SC) 2,102,000 7,638 3,883 18,719 30,240
TENNESSEE (TN) 4,333,000 5,905 2,442 7,329 15,676
*Louisiana's probation population includes 5,392 adult misdemeanants supervised by the state.
TABLE 2
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• • • BUDGET DATA
TOTAL COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONAL ADMIN. AND CAPITAV~
STATE BUDGET SERVICES BUDGET OTHER IMPROVEMENTS
AR $18,200,000 $1,450,000 $12,200,000 $ 4,550,000 $ 7,800,000
KY $33,089,500 $5,101,800 $24,169,000 $ 3,818,700 $10,000,000
LA $96,975,875 $6,484,430 $71,557,569 $18,933,876 $78,166,478
MS $17,489,200 $2,815,001 $14,674,199 $17,983,000
OK $50,755,698 $9,093,670 $29,162,7 /.9 $12,499,279 $15,000,000
SC $42,467,607 $4,254,317 $38,213,290 $30,774,282
TN $59,234, 646~~* $2,618,154 $39,554,226 $17,062,266 $15,325,000
*Capita1 Improvements are not included in Total Budget figures.
**Tennessee's reported total budget was adjusted downward by $17,857,333 in expenditures for the juvenile portion of the correctional budget.
TABLE 3
0-.
7 .
• CHAPTER II
BUDGET AND POPULATION ANALYSIS
CHART 2 compares the total corrections budget (excluding capital
improvements) for the seven states. Mississippi ranks fifth smallest
in population (see TABLE 2) and seventh in total budget.
CHARTS 3 and 4 compare offender populations and budget figures
for institutions and community services. Mississippi's offender popu-
lation is comparable to Kentucky's (9,779 and 9,724 respectively) but
her community services and institutional operating budgets are com-
parable to Arkansas, which has the smallest offender population (see
• TABLE 2) •
CHARTS 5 and 6 examine budget components on a per offender basis.
CHART 5 shows that Mississippi's community services budget per offen-
der supervised (probation and parole) is about average. However, Mis-
sissippi's institutional budget per inmate falls below most states,
vying with Arkansas for last place (see CHART 6).
CHART 7 depicts total buuget divided by total offenders (inmates,
parolees and probationers). Mississippi's total budget per offender
is about $1,800 per year. Only South Carolina, with the smallest
general population and the largest offender population, spends less.
South Carolina's per offender budget :i.s $1,400 annually •
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INSTITUTIONAL BUDGET PER INMATE
BAR CHARl OF PER INM
***** .iI",_. ........ ***.* •• *** • '* '11 .. .-
..*** ***** ••• ** ......... .. * ...... .**** ***** ***.* ...... *.*** ***** ****'* •• *** • *.** •• * •• ••• ** .it .. _.
****. ••• ** ****. ***.* ** ••• • **** ***** .**** ***** •• ***
KY
.. *** .. .. *.* .. .. * ... .. '*.'t .. .. .. * .. it '* .. * ..... .. _** 'It .......... .. ** .... ....... '* .. ** .... ...... .. "111*** ........ ... *. * ... ....... ......... * ........ "'III." '* .. ** .. .. .. ** .. .. ... * .. .. .. "' ... .. ... * .. .. .. ** .. .. .. '*** .. .. *** .. .. *** .. .......... ... * .. '* ......... .... * * .. .. *.* .. ...... .. ... * .. .. .. ** .. .. .. ** .. .. .. ** .. * .. *** .. .. *** .. .. '* ..... * ." .• * .. ..... ** .. ....... ... ,. * .. ...... '* ,.. *** *
LA
***** **.'** ***** **.** **"** '***** *** •• ***** **.'* • ***** ***** **'*** ***** **"** ***** ***** ***** .,,* •• **.,,* ****'* ***"'* *" .. **
~lS
STATE
CHART 6
***** .*", ** •• *** ****'* ***** ****. ***** .'**** *.** • ***** ***** .**** .**** ***** ***** ***** '***** .******** ***** *'*.'* .. *** •• ***** ***** ****. **~** ***** .. **** .***. • .. *** • .. *** ***** '**** •• *** ***** **.** * •••• ***** "**** **.'*.
OK
1: ;II'J',"!';"!{! 't,I\,. ',)11:;:,\ t ..... ~ J )".1 . : ... J,.1; d.:J. I.:' ,\:1 1~. I ; , :'
11:37 FRIDAY. MA~CH 28. 1980
*",*** .'*.** ***** *"**** * '* '** '* *******'*. ***** ***** ***** ... ** .. ***'** *.*** **'*** .* .. * • * '* .... * •• ** ***.* ***** ***.* ***** ** ... * .**** ... * .... ****.
SC
..... ** ***** .***. ***** •• ** * .**** .. **** ***** ***** .... * • **,.* ... *** ***** 11***. ** ... -.**** .* ..... *.*** *** •• .... ** .**** **.** .*.** .**** *** •• * ••• * til •• " * * •••• .t*** ••••• ••• ** .**** •• * *.
TN ,""
I" • .. ,
/.
~3.9DO +
13.600 +
i3.3CO +
,I'
S3 • 0 00 +
!2.700 + .., :
$2.400 +
-,
~2.lGO +
H.800 +
31.5(l0 +
H. 2 00 +
!'9()0 +
$600 +
$,300 +
1
:
~ .' . : 1." ... ~;'i~j
.*.*. ....... -***** ••• ** ".*** ***** * ....... ... *** "*""***.'*. "***** • ,**lIr" ***** ***** ... '*** .* .... .... ** ***** 'It ••••
***** '***** .,.*.* ***** ***** . _._. .... ** ***** .* ... -.**** . *.-. *** •• •.. *. ••••• *.* •• .--* •• _.*.***** ***** ••• _* .*.** .... *** • **** "._*. ***** ......... .. *****
***** ***'*. *.*** ***** ......... ** ••• .. ** .... -*.*".'**** ... '* .... **'*.* *.*** ***** ***** ***** ...... * .. *'**** .'*.** ***** ._"'--. ***** ****'* **.'*. ***** ......... .. ........ .**** ***** ***** ***** lIt_ ••• ***** .. *.*.*** ***** **.** **.** ***** ***** **'*.'* ***** ***** .... -** •• * *****
TOTAL BUDGET PER OFFENDER
BAR CHART OF PER_OFFN
.• ** .... .. *** .. .. *** .. ..... ** .. • '*** .. .. *.* .. '* .. ** .... .. *** '* * *** '* '* ... * '* .. ** .. * **. * '* * *'** * * ***. * *** '* * ** * * • **'* * **** * .. *-* '* '* *.* .... *.,* .. * • *** * .. ***. .. *.it .. '* ** * * * ** * .. * ** * • * .... * .. '*. '* '* ... 1t '* * '* '*. '* .. * *** .. * ***. '* **'* .. 11 ** * .. .. ** * * * **'* .. *. ** .... * 'It. * '* '* *** * '* *** '* • .. * .. * *.'* '* * .. '*** .. .. ** * .. ... * '*. • *** .. * _ ••• .. ***. '* .... '* '* *. * * * ** * * '* ** * .. it ** * *
LA
*.*** **'*'** .*.** • ** ** * ** ** ***'** ***** **'*** ***** ***** * ** ** '***** ***** ***** .*.** ***** *_ •• * ***** *.*** ***** * ••• * ***'*'* ***** *****
~S
STATE
CHART 7
***** ***** ***** * •••• ****. ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** **'*** .'**** ***** ****. ***** .**** ***** ***** **.** **.*. ***** ** .. ** ***** ***** .*.** •• * •• .,*ft* *.*** . .. ,** .... ,_ .. -, .*_ .. *_.*. .*.*._*'it. .*"".* ft.ft**
OK '
, ~i ijl
, I J , ,
11:37 fRIDAY, MARCK 2B. 1980
**.** • •• *. * •• *. ***ft. * •••• ••• ** .... _-*.*.* ••• *.... ". - * •• * .***. ***.*-.- . * ••• -_ ••• * * •••• ,--** *' **.
SC
***** ._.** . ... ,--*-* *_ ••• *.,.**
* - .. - -**.** .. _ ... • •• *. *ft •• _ ., ... ... -.. **, •• **,.** ** ...... ..*** ***** * __ ft*
ft*.** .**.** * .... ..*** . __ .... **** .. _ ..... ***** ...... *.""*•• 1t- ...
* ... ** ** •• * .* .• , *-*., ****' ***'** .- ... *._* .. .* ••• *.,* • *.* •• ... ,. .. *** •• ••••• *.*** ..**••• '* .. ****. -.- .. *_ •••
IN
:3
•
•
•
CHAPTER ItI: STAFFING
,A major portion of most budgets is personnel costs. Please note
from TABLE 1 that while no data was gathered on number of community
services personnel, data was collected on the number of correctional
officers and total institutional personnel (corrections officers plus
treatment and support personnel).
CHART 8 depicts the ratio of inmates to correctional officers.
The taller the bar the less favorable the ratio. Mississippi's in-
mate/officer ratio is 6.6 to 1 compared to Louisiana's 3.1 to 1.
This does not mean that there is one guard for every six inmates at
the penitentiary. Beca' 3e the penitentiary operates 24 hours a day
the 513 Mississippi correctional officers are spread out over 3 shifts
per day, 7 days per week. The average number of officers on duty at
anyone time is 103.
21 man shifts per week .;. 5 shifts per man = a minimum of 4.2 officers to cover 1 position. With vacation and sick leave taken into account, it takes 5 officers to cover 1 position 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.
513 .;. 5 = 103
This figure will vary by day of the week and time of day. With 2400
of the state's 3399 inmates at Parchman or in a satellite facility,
the inmate to officer ratio is, on the average, 23 to 1 (2400 .;. 103
23).
CHART 9 compares inmate/staff ratios for total institutional
staff (corrections officers plus treatment and support personnel).
14 •
.~~~~~--""-"'-""'-""'-""""'---------------""";":""""'-~-----------------""!!""-------•
•
•
As evidenced by the bar chart Mississifpi and South Carolina fall
further behind in this comparison indicating that non-correctional
officer staff (educational, medical, counseling and administrative
staff) is small relative to the number of inmates •
15 .
j/ III " • .~ HI ,..,
I!
~
'! or::R f:TO -7 + ,...
.' tit"'. ** 'III ... " •
*** ...
'it! (, + , • 'III ...
**.111. _ .... iii" • iii" ......
Ii' " ....
5 + .- .. ,. **111"111 •• * •• .... ,
It _ ..... .. • • .. *
Ij _ •• t.
,. .. , 'III ..
1 ... "'. ,,*.,. ... *. 3 • 'III ... * 'It
'"1 'It' ..... II •••••
.. * •• * ... " .. 1"'1
"
? + .... *. .. ... .... * •••• .... -.. r, • ... * ..
/' + · , ...... ,. •• III ..
.. • .. 'III of:
T • * ...... ,. .... ,. 'It
Af ".. ,I
':1
,.-. ;1
r:i
r· 'If
n. ., . .rl II
11
, I'
.,...
.\
.' {
RATIO OF INMATFS TO CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS
R'~ CHA~T OF OfC~ ~T~
.*.*. * ••••
***** •••• * •• It •• • **.* ••••• * •••• • •••• •• * •• 'III' ••• * ••• * . ..... ...... * .. ••••• tII*_._ * ••• , , .... _.* .. •• *.-.• * •• ...... .. t .... -a* •• _ ••••• t*'.' , .... '*.'*** ... * •• ** •• , ***** •••• * i*.* .. ***** .... * .. ... * ** *.**. ***** •• ** • ** •• * •• *.* *_.*. .. .. .. . . • ... *. ••••• ••••• ...... * •••• ***** • *.** " ...... .. " *. * ••••• *---* * •• * .. .. ....... *._ ... _ .. t ...
• * .... * ...... • 1\"'*. .* ••• ••••• ...... ., ... •• ** • ....... " .. ." .* "tt,_ ttt._ _t __ .
••••• .... - **t* • - III ••• . .... ... . *.'.- "'_t' • * .. t ... ** ••• ••• *. ..,. "t" ...... * .. * .... •• t*. • **.-...... ........ . ••• *. .*.-. .. . .. . . • • • '* • '* •• '* .. •••• * ... ,.* ..... ** .***. _., ..
LA '1S
STATE
CHART 8
. , ~ 1 '.'
"
t ' , I. ' . il {, \
•~: ~,
'\
12:15 ~EONESOAYt MARCH 19. 1900 " ....,
':' ... ** ...... ....... ...., 'Ii .....
• ... * .. .* •• * * ... * .. "\ • '* ..... t ... '* * * •••• .* ••• **'**
'1 .. ...... ,_ .... • .... * .* .... '1 ...* •• ,. ..... ...... , •• ** *** ... **'*-*
') ...... • •• ** .. * ..... *t._ . ... .. * * .. .*.** ') ..... * • , ...... ,,'t. * ••• *-'* ..... • * .... " ..... • •••• '"' ..... * .•. *-..*t. ."tt, .tot ... .. ... t * * ...... _ ... ,
') ._,. -- · ...... t. '* ... "".-*' .... t.
tt. __
..... t .... ft * .. ........ • ** * * ')
SC T'J "'I
""'I
'" '1
"'I
'" '1
'" f-1 "'I 0'1
'"'"
.... "I
1
.... I;
~l
~, ,I
"'. I'
,.. I
,., ,,'
,. "
,. /t
• 5.0 +
~.5 +
3.0 +
2.5 +
2.0 +
1.5 +
1. Q +
O.S +
* •• ,. • II.t, II .... Ii III
, ... . ....... .. .. .. .. II&'
• .. 111 .. * * .... II II ... ,. .. .. .. .. .. • .. III * .. .. * t .... ... , .. .. III ... * ....... ••••• t ...... .. .... III .. ..
".*• .... III .. .. .. .. .. III ••. *· ........ * * 111 t .. _ .... .. til .. " .. ...... .. .. .. . .. .,'*' * •• t_ ... t_ ••••• ....... 111 .. .. .. . .. II .. " .. II II .... iii ,.. .. .. .. . .. 111 ........
,I' , " " • I'M' i- ll' t ~ . t j" ~ .. ,
."1 jl.I.L,~,
RATTO OF INMATES TO INSTITUTIONAL STAFF UAR CHART OF STAF_RTO
-._*. _ .... . .. * .... .. *.*t. . _t .. . , ... .. .. .. 111 .. .... -••••• .. " ... ,. .. ,. !II III ..
• •• "t iii * ...... , •• *.. ...... ••••• * ...... III t"t __
II III .... .. _ ... . .. . .. . . ••••• -" .. .. .. * .... .. .. 111 • III
• • • • • II til * .... ......... .. t .... II
••••• ... ,. ••••• .. II .... .
* * .... .. ••••• .. III • * III .. .. 111 ...
.. 111 II .... . . . . .. KY
.... ** • .... " ... t"t." • t.t. t .......
... • * .. ... , . .......... ... .. . .. ...... .. ••••• ......... 'I •• " .,.,. .. .. l1li .. .. . . ... . ........ .. .... ,. .... •• t •• * ...... .. .. 0 .... .. " ... . ...... III ..
.. .. .. * "
... *.*
*., •• • t.'" ... *.* ••• *. ... ,. _ .... . ,.,. .. ,.* .. *,. • •••• ..,., . ..* .... * •••• .*- .. ** .. .. * • * .. . ••••• -"._. • * '" "' .. .. ,,* •• .,.*' • - •• * ***, • ...*.* • •• * • * ••• * ••••• * ..... ••••• ••••• • •••• •••• * . .. ,. .. , .. ••••• ••••• .It •••
• •••• •••• * ••••• * •• _. ••••• • •••• ••••• ••••• I' *.,._ ._.-.
MS ST ATE
CHART 9
_._ .. .,._ . . ... -._._. , •• ** • ••• * "** •• -** •• • ••• ,l • •• * • ." .. t •• fI.
, it .. * .. ••••• • •••• . .. ". · .... . , ... . ••••• ••••• · " .. ". • •••• . ..... ,
OK
I, . "I , ;.' ,., .. ~! ~ .. 'o ',: ' ... 0.
.1 'II" If ~ 1.1l!· 'I'i" •;
12:15 WEO~ESDAYt HAR:H l~t 1980
•• t ••
•• *** ••••• .... , iII't ••
• •• *' • .*'**'* _ .... .... -• ••• * * •• t • • * ... . _ ... . .* .. . * It.'" • •••• ••••• ...... • •••• * •••• ., ... ••••• fI._" .*** • . ........ .*".* .. •• , * " .... ,. III * • * . .. , .. • •••• , .... * •••• * ... ". tt' •• .... ,-'It'.' • .... -" .... ... * III. . ....... • *.* .. ,t •• _ ••••• .,*" • . ... -., .. -• •••• • •••• • * III ... ••••• ** t·t '*
SC
* •••• t,._' ._,*.. -*. • •••• t'.'_ • •••• __ tt_
* •••• • It * .. * t.t._ ._t._ , .. * It _
*'t.t • * ..... ..t._ • •• t •
• •••• _ ... -"I
"
5
•
•
•
CHAPTER IV: SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS
"SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS" is a very daring title for this portion
of the study data. This study does not presume to measure the ef
fectiveness of seven state correctional agencies. However, some
elements of the survey are worthy of note within a limited concept
of "system effectiveness."
CHART 10 establishes that incarceration rates per 100,000 popu
lation are relatively consistent, with the exception of South
Carolina.
CHART 11 compares the ratio of escapes (in one year) to total
inmate population. Despite an unfavorable inmate/staff ratio, Mis
sissippi's escape rate is lower than average.
Despite the scarcity of data, TABLE 4, comparing recidivism
rates, is possibly the most interesting study result. Interesting
because what little data that was reported is very consistent. It
appears that states are moving toward a uniform method of deriving
recidivism rates: tracking a specific release population over a
specific time period and reporting the percentage of that population
returned to that state's prison system within specific time increments.
For example, Mississippi is tracking those inmates released from the
Mississi?pi State Penitentiary (MSP) during the fourth quarter of
1978. As shown on TABLE 4, 2.4% of that group had been returned to
MSP within 3 months, 4.6% (cumulative) within 6 months and 8.1%
within 1 year. If this trends continues (approximately 2% per
18 •
•
•
quarter), about 22 - 24% will have recidivated within 3 years of
release. This is consistent with the recidivism rates reported by
Arkansas, Louisiana and South Carolina.
TABLE 5 shows probation and parole revocation rates. As was
previously mentioned only Mississippi was able to report .
19 .
.....
..., 'II
..-, ,I
.... ,I
". I' ~.
"
'-'.
..... , "
r', "
,.., l:l
• ~AH.
360
330
300
270
21+0
21 :'
lkO
15(1
120
90
eO
30
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
.. , .. + •• **.
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+ .......... ** •• -... *. . "'.*.
+ '* ...... .t*t_ • *.*-.. * *'''"
+ .-* •• * •••• 't.** ****It
I I~
if ," ..
...... **-** . **.-***** * ....... * .. * * * •••• * ...... •• * •• '* •••• **-** ***** .* .. ** *****
KY
INCARCERATIJN RATE PER 100,000 USING 1978 CEVSUS ESTIM~TES
UAR CHART OF RATE
.... * ... ••• *-* ...... * ,,*.- .. "".1 i ..... * ,.. .... * * ..... **' ***** :t * ** .. • *.*. ,~**** ., ... l!'" * .... .*.*. ~,* .... * . *.,. ,--*' .,'*-... ,. ..... -*._. ** * ... ••• ** .. *.* .. • *.t. . ' ...... ••• *t .,t .. * * ** ••• _ •• * • *** ... ***'*t: • * •• * • *t** ._** • .'Ii' * ... ***** ••• ** • *.* • ***** ****. • t**'* .* ••• .... ** .. • _.**
LA 11S
STATE
CHAR,T 10
***** .,.*** ***.* •• t_* .*'** .. * * ... -...... ***** ***** ***** •••• * *.*** *t*._ **** • ***** ***.* • ••••
OK
" 12:15 YEDNESDAY, MA~CH 13. 1980 6 ""
:"
....... "" *' *" _l'''.
****. -***. ** ...... ""'I .... .. .... ••• *. .... * .... '"'\ .",. t*_", ***** -,.*. ** .... *
'"'\
'***** ***** ** * 11"
....., **.,. fII"' __ ***.* •• '*' *,.* • '"'\
'***** . ._ ... -t* •• ' .,*-- ""\ . __ 11-... *** ."*' ""\ *** •• '*.** • .*.** .**** t_,t •
***** ***lIIt *'* •• .,.* • ""'I
***** *.* •• ••••• ., ... ._.* • .... -....... ."t • ""'I .*.*- .*.* • ***.* *** •• *.*.* •• *.* * •••• ....... '"'\ .**** .*.--.._ .. t_ ••• ...... ..*** ***** .t_ .. ""'I ***** *.* •• .* •• * .*It ••
SC TN ""I
'"' '"\
'"'\
~
N ~ 0
....
,., "
'il
~l
11
,...., ,/
".. I'
~. I
r ,,'
1':' ,
1,
n il
• » . .. il
0.07 +
0.06 +
0.05 +
O. Gif +
0.02 +
0.01 + .......... -A*.*. .'11:111*. ......
;~ , I \ • l~ll il:! ;\,i, •
.i • "Ii' ~ !:' .!, /', .t I t. ~ i ! fl. '
RATIO OF ESCAPES TO TOTAL INMATE POPULATION OAR CHART OF ES_RATE
***.* * •••• ....... lit" * .... ••••• .. * ...... ••••• .* ••• ..... t . , .. -•••• * .t* •• tillttt
****~ '*.* .... . ... ,. ••••• * •••• .. ...... ,. .. , .. • __ t_
•• '111.* • ••• • ...... ••••• ••••• **.** •••• * ••••• fttt •• ...... * .,_.t . -.....
., I: 1 • 12:15 ~EDNESDAY. HA1:H 19. 198D
.iI t ..... ttt.t
••••• * * ... * •• t •• .. , .. .... -.,t._ t.t.t t.t._ ••••• .. _ .. _ •• t. __ t*' .till' • •• **-_ .... __ .t. t.t .... _._ .. ••• t* ._ttt .. , ..
••••• ••• _t I
_ .... ,'.t _ *ttt_ tt.t.
••••• .... -••••• * ...... . ... , , •• t, .t._t _tt._ ......... .._.-. -*-- *.** • *.-.- ***** • t._, _ .. _ . __ t •• ••••• .... t_ • •••• --*, . ._.tt
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------KY LA 'IS OK SC TN
STATE
CHART 11
2
"
22 •
•
RECIDIVISM RATES
RELEASE YEAR RECIDIVISM RATE (BASE YEAR) % RETURNED TO PRISON WITHIN:
3 Mos. 6 Mos. 1 Yr 2 Yr 2-1/2 Yrs 3 Yrs
AR 1973 19.1
KY -LA 1976 20.1
• MS 1978 2.4 4.6 8.1
OK
SC N/A 24.9
TN
• TABLE 4
23 •
• REVOCATION RATES
RELEASE YEAR REVOCATION RATE (BASE YEAR) Within 3 Mos. 6 Mos. 1 Yr
AR Prob. N/A N/A
Parole N/A
KY Prob N/A N/A
Parole N/A
LA Prob. N/A N/A
• Parole N/A
MS Prob: 1978 2.2 5.4 7.4
Parole 1978 3.1 5.2 10.9
OK Prob. N/A N/A
Parole N/A
SC Prob. N/A N/A
Parole N/A
TN Prob. N/A N/A
Parole N/A
• TABLE 5
! .. ,~
I
~'"