w. mcconnell 2004 kinross high school biotechnology ( c ) re-programming microbes

W. McConnell 2004 Kinross High School

BIOTECHNOLOGY

(c) Re-Programming Microbes


1. In cells such as bacteria which do not have a nucleus, where are the chromosomes found?

In a plasmid,

or a circle of 1 single chromosome


2. How can human DNA strands be cut so that they can be placed into bacterial cells?

By using enzymes


3. What are some of the advantages of genetic engineering over selective breeding?

•Only a single characteristic can be modified

•The change in characteristic can happen in a few years rather than over many generations.


4. Give 2 reasons why the need for insulin is increasing each year.

•Increased numbers of diabetics

•Increased demand for insulin – animal insulin could soon be in short supply.


5. What is the advantage of genetically engineered insulin over insulin produced from slaughtered animals?

•Some people are allergic to cattle or pig insulin – no allergies with genetically engineered insulin

•Some people do not like the thought of using animal insulin.


6. Name another economically important product from genetic engineering.

Human growth hormone


7. What kind of biologically active ingredient do biological detergents use to digest stains?

Enzymes


8. Give 2 advantages of using a biological detergent instead of a non-biological.

•Washes are done at a lower temperature – this saves time and money.

•Delicate fabrics are cleaned with less damage to the fabric.


9. What effect do antibiotics have on bacteria?

Antibiotics kill bacteria


10.

In the diagram below, which antibiotics had an effect on the bacteria?

Antibiotics B and A (the clear area round A and B shows that no bacteria are growing – the antibiotic has killed it).

A

D

C

B multodisc

clear area

bacterial growth on agar plate


11.

An agent which acts as a carrier between 2 species is called a vector. Which part of a bacterium’s chromosomal material could this term be used to describe?

The plasmid


12.

Arrange the following steps involved in the process of genetic engineering in the correct order.

A) Identification Insertion of a gene into a plasmid and the plasmid into a bacterium

B) Removal of the required gene from an organism

C) Growth and multiplication of a bacterial cell forming the product

D) Extraction and opening up of the bacterial plasmid

B D A C


13.

What name is given to the traditional method by which man produced new varieties of useful organisms?

Selective Breeding


14.What is insulin?

Why is insulin essential?

It converts excess glucose to glycogen

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas


15.

Why is a range of antibiotics needed in the treatment of bacterial disease?

Different bacteria produce different diseases, so a different antibiotic is needed for each bacterium.


16.

Who discovered antibiotics?

Alexander Fleming


17.

Are immobilised enzymes used in Continuous Flow or Batch Processing industrial processes?

Continuous flow


18.

Why is Continuous Flow processing more advantageous than Batch Processing?

The end product does not have the enzyme mixed with it

The enzyme can be re-used many times

No time is lost between each lot through the vessel

No waste – enzymes are not discarded


19.

Which of the following statements refer to Batch Processing?

•Vat cleaned out before re-filling

•Immobilised enzymes used

•All ingredients mixed together at start

•Pure product flows out

•Substance added gradually

•An extra process is needed to separate the substance from the catalyst

This one!

This one!

This one!


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w. mcconnell 2004 kinross high school biotechnology ( c ) re-programming microbes

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