w. bmivbj lvb - mahbub ul alam...

mxgvš— msMÖn 1947 †_‡K 1952

cvwK¯—vb Avg‡ji cÖ_g evsjv mvgwqK cwÎKv

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix m¤úvw`Z gvwmK Ômxgvš—Õ-Gi cybgy`ªY

m¤úv`K

W. BmivBj Lvb RIkb Aviv ingvb

cÖKvkK †dviKvb Avng`, weG Abvm©; GgG ^Z¡vwaKvix, cvjK cvewjkvm©

8/2, b_© mvD_ †ivW, cyivbv cëb †hvMv‡hvM : 179/3, dwK‡iicyj wRwcI e· bs 415, XvKv-1000 †dvb : 9345816, †gvevBj : 01720308861 cÖ_g cÖKvk Avlvp 1412 Ryb 2005 MÖš’ ^Z¡ BLwZmv` Avn‡g` BewZmvg Avn‡g` cÖ”Q` mwen&-Dj Avjg gy`ªY gvwU Avi gvbyl 179/3, dwK‡iicyj, XvKv-1000 g~j¨ t cuvPkZ cÂvk UvKv SHIMANTO SANGRAHA: Collection of monthly Shimanta, by Mahbub ul Alam Chowdhury, 1947-1952, Edited by Dr. Israil Khan and Jowshan Ara Rahman. Published by Forkan Ahmad. Proprietor, Palok Publishers, 8/2, North South Road, Purana Palton, (Contact : 179/3, Fakirerpool) GPO Box No 415, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Cover designed by Sabih-ul Alam. First published June 2005, Price Tk. 550.00; US $ 40 ISBN 984 445 168 10

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DrmM© evsjvi nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZ‡n¨ wek¦vmx

yB evsjvi mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi yB gnvb mvaK‡KÑ

Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` Abœ`vk¼i ivq

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mxgvš— cybg©y`ªY cÖm‡½ evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m Ômxgvš—Õ GK Abb¨ mvgwqKcÎ Zv Gi cybgy©`ª‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q cÖgvY n‡jv| mgvPvi `c©Y (1818) †_‡K †jvKvqZ (1982), my›ìg (1985) ch©š— kZ mnmª evsjv cÎcwÎKv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cybgy©`ª‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o‡Q gvÎ ¸wU K‡q‡Ki| evsjv cwÎKvRM‡Z Rvbv g‡Z cÖ_g cybgy©w`ªZ cwÎKv ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z e½`k©b (1872)| Gici ûeû gyw`ªZ cwÎKv KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg m¤úvw`Z Ôa~g‡KZzÕ I ÔjvOjÕ| gvSLv‡b eª‡R› ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, webq †Nvl, gy —vdv b~iDj Bmjvg, Avwbmy¾vgvb, gybZvmxi gvgyb cÖgyL weØv‡bi m¤úv`bvq wewfbœ mvgwqKcÎ †_‡K ¯wbe©vwPZ ev mywbe©vwPZ iPbvsk Øviv msKjb MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| XvKvq, gybZvmxi gvgyb ÔXvKv cÖKvkÕ-Gi; Ave`yj nvB wkK`vi gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi ÔnK K_vÕ Ges KjKvZvq ÔAvb›èvRviÕ, Ô†`kÕ, ÔPZzi½Õ cÖf„wZ cwÎKvi c„ôv †_‡K Pqb ev wbe©vPb K‡i Mí, KweZv, cÖeÜ ev wgkªiPbvi msKjb cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Z‡e ûeû gyw`ªZ cwÎKv Ôe½`k©bÕ, Ôa~g‡KZzÕ, ÔjvOjÕ I Ômxgvš—ÕB| GB NUbvivwRi g‡a¨ j¶Yxq n‡jv iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kv‡bv cwÎKv cybgy©w`ªZ nqwb| Avi KvRx bRi“‡ji cwÎKv `ywU Qvcv n‡q‡Q d‡UvAd‡m‡U| Ôe½`k©bÕ Ges Ômxgvš—Õ cybivq K‡¤úvR n‡q‡Q| bZzbKv‡ji cÖe³v ÔK‡j −vjÕ, ÔKweZvÕ cÖf„wZ cy‡ivUv cybgy©w`ªZ †eva nq bvI n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i Ôe½`k©bÔ, Ôa~g‡KZzÕ, ÔjvOjÕ cÖf„wZi m‡½ Ômxgvš—Õi †hvMm~Î ev †hvMmvRm m„wó Kiv Kx AZz w³ bq? bv, Mfxifv‡e †m NUbv Zwj‡q †`Lv †M‡Q| Ôe½`k©bÕ †hgb †mKvj‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q, evOvwj RvwZ‡K bZzb w`kv †èvi R‡b¨ Ômxgvš—ÕI †Zgwb cvwK¯—vb m„wó Elvj‡Mœ cvwK¯—vbev`x evOvwj mgvR‡K fvlv, RvwZmËv, ms¯‹…wZ, ivRbxwZ I gvbweKZvi gyw³i cÖkœ‡K D”PwKZ K‡i cvwK¯—vb `k©b K‡i‡Q|

Ômxgv‡š—Õi `k©‡b `c©‡Y cÖwZwew¤^Z cÖwZ”Qwe wbtm‡›`‡n fwel¨‡Zi evsjv‡`k m„wói AvKv•¶v RvMÖZ K‡i‡Q| Avi G Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg cÖ¯‘Z Kivi cÖv_wgK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g cÖMwZkxj mvgwqKcÎ cÖKv‡ki aviv m„wó K‡i Ômxgvš—Õ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡m Zvrch©c~Y© cwÎKvi gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Q|

weMZ `yB `k‡K G‡`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKvi cvZv‡ZI Ômxgvš—Õi f~wgKv ev Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© we¯—i †jLv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| MZ `ykÕ eQ‡i cÖKvwkZ Ab¨vb¨ cwÎKv m¤ú‡K© GZ wjwLZ nqwb| Ômxgvš—Õi AmvaviY Zvrch©c~Y© I mg‡qvwPZ cÖKvkbv m¤ú‡K© RvwZ ag© `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB AvR GKgZ|

wKš‘ Ggb GKwU cwÎKv m¤ú‡K© eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ I Zvi c~e© cyi“l‡ìI Pv¶zl aviYv wQj bv| Avi GKwUi AwaK KwcI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv msL¨v Ômxgvš—Õi Aewkó †bB| ZvQvov mvwnwZ¨K-ˆkwíK-ivR‰bwZK Z_v KvwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Ômxgvš—Õ GLbI m¶g; hwÌ Zv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj cÖvq lvU eQi Av‡M| †mKv‡ji †Kv‡bv cwÎKvi cy‡ivUvB AvR Avi †KD wbZvš— eva¨ bv n‡j mvb‡›` mvMÖ‡n cvV Ki‡eb bv| A_P Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKvi cÖ_g cÖKv‡ki mgq I ZvwiL g‡b †i‡L GLbI †h †Kv‡bv m‡PZb mü`q ü`q-ms‡e`x cvVK †KŠZ~n‡ji m‡½B m½x K‡i †b‡eb Ômxgvš—Õ‡K| Avi Zv †_‡K AvniY Ki‡eb wZwb ivR‰bwZK, gvbweK, cÖMwZkxj †PZbv, Avi HwZnvwm‡Kiv †b‡eb AvKi Z_¨|

ejv Avek¨K Ômxgvš—Õi c„ôv †_‡K Z_¨ msKwjZ K‡i G ch©š— A‡bK RvZxq BwZnvm cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji mk¯¿ gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb c~e© evsjvi †h-mKj evgcš’x ivRbxwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©xe„›` †m-m‡ei g‡a¨ Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKv I Gi KY©avi gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi (1947 †_‡K 1952 ch©š—) †bZ…‡Z¡ PÆMÖv‡gi nwi‡Lvjv gv‡V AbywôZ ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| W. mvC`Di ingvb, W. †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx cÖgy‡Li M‡elYvq Ômxgvš—Õ Aej¤^‡b Gme Z_¨ cwi‡ewkZ

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n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZK mvs¯‹…wZK MwZcÖev‡ni w`K wb‡`©kK Ggb GKwU cwÎKvi Zvrch© I g~j¨ evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ †h †Kv‡bv cÖavb mvgwqKc‡Îi m‡½ Zzjbxq|

AZGe, Ômxgvš—Õ m¤ú‡K© D”P aviYv‡K †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB AZz¨w³ g‡b Kiv m½Z n‡e bv e‡jB Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi| Avi †m Kvi‡YB Ômxgvš—Õ‡K ûeû Dc¯’vc‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKv‡R Ômxgvš—Õ m¤úv`K Rbve gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix I cvjK cvewjkv‡m©i KY©avi Rbve †dviKvb Avng` Avgv‡ì‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì FY Avgiv kª×vi m‡½ ¯§iY KiwQ|

Ômxgvš—Õ evsjv‡`k I ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri `c©Y I `wj‡ji gh©v`v jvf K‡i‡Q wVKB, wKš‘ cwÎKvi cy‡iv dvBj `yj©f n‡q c‡o‡Q| Gi KviY wbwnZ i‡q‡Q cwÎKvi Ges Gi m¤úv`‡Ki Pvwi‡Îï g‡a¨B| cwÎKv I Gi m¤úv`‡Ki Rxe‡bwZnv‡m Rvbv hvq †h, GB cwÎKvi Awdm cywjk KZ©„K ZQbQ n‡Zv, m¤úv`Kxq Kvh©vjq ev‡i ev‡i cwiewZ©Z n‡Zv| m¤úv`K‡K AvÛviMÖvDÛ Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi gv_vi Ici Syjš— _vK‡Zv ûwjqvi ûgwK| d‡j _‡i _‡i mvwR‡q msi¶Y Kiv m¤¢e nqwb Ômxgvš—Õ‡K|

Avi GUvB‡Zv cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK msMVKKg©xi êwkó¨| Zuviv KvR K‡ib Avcb †cÖiYvq| BwZnvm m„wói Kivi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q cÖPvigyLx †h-mKj KvR, Zv‡Zv †kl ch©š— gh©v`vi nq bv| ÔK¬vwm·Õ-Gi BwZnvmI †m K_v mg_©b K‡i| †Kv‡bv K¬vwmKB Kx m¤ú~Y© iw¶Z n‡q‡Q? Kv‡ji Kivj MÖvm †_‡K hv †eu‡P wU‡K _v‡K, Zv w`‡qB †mB Kvj‡K Quy‡q †h‡Z nq| Ômxgvš—Õi cÖvß gvÎ 13wU msL¨v w`‡qB Avgv‡ì‡K †mKv‡j cÖKvwkZ Ômxgvš—Õi cy‡iv Kvh©µg‡K Abyaveb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Ômxgvš—Õ gvwmK wn‡m‡e KvwZ©K 1354, b‡f¤î 1947 m‡b cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Avi 1952 m‡bi †deª“qvwii NUbvq ÔKuv`‡Z Avwmwb duvwmi `vex wb‡q G‡mwQÕ wj‡L m¤úv`K gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix ûwjqv gv_vq wb‡q cjvZK Rxeb-hvcb Kivq Ômxgvš—Õ cÖKvkbv ¯’wMZ n‡q hvq| GB cuvP eQ‡i Ômxgvš—Õ g~jZ gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi GKvMÖZv Ges DÏxcbvq cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ_g `yÕeQi Ômxgvš—Õ m¤úv`bvq gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi mn‡hvMx wQ‡jb myPwiZ †PŠayix| c‡ii wZb eQi gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi GKK m¤úv`bvq Ômxgvš—Õ cÖKvwkZ nq| Ômxgvš—Õi Ô`v½v-we‡ivaxÕ I ÔmvwnZ¨-m‡¤§jb msL¨vÕ ZuviB GKK D‡`¨v‡M cÖKvwkZ nq| gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ Ômxgv‡š—Õi gva¨‡g wek¦kvwš— Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶ G‡`‡k †MvUv Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| Zv m‡Ë¡I myPwiZ †PŠayix cÖ_g †ò yÕeQ‡i †h mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib ZvI g~jëvb| wZwb AvR cÖqvZ| ¯^Kxq K…Zx I K‡g©i Rb¨ myPwiZ †PŠayix L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Ômxgvš—Õ cybg©y`ª‡Yi GB ïf¶‡Y Zuv‡KI kª×vi m‡½ ¯§iY KiwQ| W. BmivBj Lvb RIkb Aviv ingvb XvKv, †deª“qvwi 2005

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1947 mv‡j †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wK D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q mxgvš— †ei Kwi

Pwj−‡ki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS| wØZxq wek¦hy× †kl n‡jv e‡U wKš‘ kvwš— G‡jv bv gvby‡li g‡b| mvgªvRëv` †hw`K w`‡q †nu‡U †M‡Q, †mw`K n‡q‡Q wØLwÊZ| wØLwÊZ n‡q‡Q †Kvwiqv, Rvg©vwb, fviZel©| hy‡×i ciciB `ywbqv Ry‡o mvgªvRëv`-we‡ivax ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb cÖKU n‡q I‡V| †`‡k †`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb‡K wbcxo‡bi gva¨‡g ¯—ä K‡i w`‡Z †Póv K‡i mvgªvRëv`| fvi‡ZI ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb Zxeª n‡q I‡V bvbv MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g| †`‡ki g~javivi m‡½ m¤ú„³ Amv¤cÖ`vwqK RvZxqZvev` Ges gvbeZvwfwËK ag©wbi‡c¶ HwZn¨‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z ïi“ nq cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vjb| ^vaxbZvi g~javivi †bZ…‡Z¡ wQj fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm| RvZxq Ks‡MÖm g~jZ Amv¤cÖ`vwqK n‡jI Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbvi my`„p wfZ cÖwZôvq e¨_© nq| d‡j weªwUk kvm‡Kiv gymjgvb‡ì gymwjg jxM `‡j GKwÎZ K‡i †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i †bZ…‡Z¡ Dcgnv‡`k‡K `yB iv‡óª wef³ Kivi c‡_ †V‡j †`q| GK `vi“Y D‡ËRbvq wewl‡q I‡V mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`k| wn› y-gymjgvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ vq HKë× n‡q weªwUk mvgªvRëv‡ì wei“‡× i“‡L ùvovevi m¤¢vebv i‡³i eb¨vq wecbœ n‡q c‡o| mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vq i³iwÄZ n‡q I‡V †MvUv †`k| †`k‡Rvov MY-Afy¨Ìvb åvZ…NvZx `v½vq gyL _ye‡o c‡o| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi AwfNv‡Z †Ku‡c I‡V RbRxe‡bi wfwËg~j| †Pbv Rxe‡bi Avkªq †_‡K gvbyl wbw¶ß nq GK A‡Pbv RM‡Zi cwi‡e‡k| mgvR wec−‡ei e¨_© gnovq KvZi n‡q DwV Avgiv|

GK †kªYxi gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K Ges eyw×Rxex 1944 mv‡j KjKvZvi Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R i¨v‡bkuvm m‡¤§j‡b GKwÎZ nb| Zuviv cÖvYc‡Y cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡ib evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ evsjvi gymjgv‡bi ms¯‹…wZ bq| G ms¯‹wZ we`¨vmvMi, ew¼gP› ª †_‡K iex› ªbv_, kirP›`ª hy‡Mi ms¯‹…wZ| GUv LyeB DbœZ ms¯‹…wZ n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e GUv evsjvi gymjgv‡bi ms¯‹…wZ bq| Z¨v‡Mi Av`k©, êiv‡Mï Av`k©, fw³ev‡ì Av`k©, †cÖ‡gi Av`k©, mg¯—B DuPz`‡ii Av`k©| GB Av`k©‡K eywbqv` K‡i, bvix‡cÖg‡K †K›`ª K‡i, wn›`y wkí-ms¯‹…wZ‡mex gbxlxiv †h mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †m meB n‡q‡Q LyeB D”Pv‡½i mvwnZ¨ Ges Zv c‡o Aci mK‡ji g‡Zv, gymjgvb im wccvmyivI wccvmv wbeviY K‡i| wKš‘ mwZ¨ K_v GB †h, GB ms¯‹…wZ‡Z fw³-†cÖg hZB DuPz`‡ii Av`k© †nvK, gymjgv‡bi Zv Rxebv`k© bq (m~Î t Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, c~e© cvwK¯—vb i¨v‡bkuvm m‡¤§jb, 1 RyjvB 1944, g~j mfvcwZi fvlY)| GB ¯^vZ‡š¿ï `vwe Rvwb‡q wZwb wb‡RB Avevi cÖkœ †Zv‡jb, ÔZ‡e wK evsjvi gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv mvwnwZ¨K-mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ †bB? Zv‡K wK Z‡e mvwnZ¨ mvabvq K L †_‡K ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e? wZwb wb‡RB DËi w`‡jb, bv| Ae ’v GZUv ˆbivk¨RbK bq| evsjvi eZ©gvb mvwn‡Z¨ gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv `vb †bB e‡j evOvwj gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv mvwnZ¨ †bB, GK_v wVK bq| e ‘Z gymjgv‡bi †hgb GK wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zv‡ì GKwU wbR¯^ mvwnZÏ Av‡Q| †m mvwn‡Zï bvg gymjgvwb evsjv mvwnZ¨ ev cuyw_ mvwnZ¨| gv`ªvmv, g³‡e j¶ j¶ gymjgvb cvVK hv †_‡K Rxe‡bi †cÖiYv cv‡”Q|Õ IB m‡¤§j‡b wZwb `xN©w`‡bi HwZn¨-mg„× evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K ïay A¯^xKvi K‡ib, Zv bq| wZwb eZ©gvb fvlvi Bmjvwg iƒcvš—i Ges eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii K_vI Zz‡jwQ‡jb| ejv evûj¨, GB gZvgZ Zuvi GKvi wQj bv| e¨wZµg wQ‡jb GKgvÎ nexeyj −vn evnvi| IB m‡¤§j‡b cwVZ mgy`q fvl‡Yi g~j myi wQj GKwU| evOvwj gymjgv‡biv Avjv`v RvwZ Ges Zvi ms¯‹…wZ (ZgÏyb) evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi g~javiv †_‡K wew”Qbœ| evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ gv‡b wn›`y ms¯‹…wZ| GB wek¦v‡mi wfwËf~wg‡Z ùvwo‡q cvwK¯—vb-wek¦vmx Gme Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K fve‡jb, Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ n‡e Bmjvwg Ges Zv gymjgvb‡K wb‡qB, gymjgv‡bi Rb¨| Avi †mB mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ cwicyó n‡e Bmjvwg fvev`‡k© agx©q cÖeYZv wb‡qB| ïay fvlv bq| GB ms¯‹…wZ mvabvi e¨vcv‡i

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wb‡R‡ì HwZn¨ wK n‡e Zv mywbw`©ó Ki‡Z wM‡q Zuviv ej‡jb, Avgv‡ì HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨ †hLv‡b we›`ygvÎ wn›`yqvbx MÜ Av‡Q, Zv eR©bxq| fvlvi iƒcvš—i NUv‡Z wM‡q Zuviv ej‡jb, evsjv fvlvi eZ©gvb iƒc AweK…Z ivLv hv‡e bv| GB fvlv‡K cwi‡kvab Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq †h fvlv Av‡Q, Zv‡K ivóªfvlvI Kiv hv‡e bv| Aviwe A¶‡i evsjv wjL‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw`| Avi GB wQbœg~j ms¯‹…wZi bvg w`‡jb Zuviv ZgÏyb| Gme Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì KweZvq, cÖe‡Ü GgbwK Mí I bvU¨-mvwn‡Z¨ cÖPzi Aviwe-dviwm-D y© k‡ãi h‡_”Q eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Ggb GK D™¢U fvlv m„wói Kv‡R Zrci n‡q DV‡jb, hv‡Z evsjv fvlvi g~jZ we‡”Q` Avbvi †Póv ïi“ n‡jv ejv hvq| GB we‡”Q‡ì nvZ †_‡K evsjv †jvKR ms¯‹…wZI ev` †M‡jv bv|

c‡njv êkv‡Li g‡Zv mve©Rbxb Drme‡K ejv n‡jv wn›`yqvbx| cÖ`xc †R¡‡j †Kv‡bv Abyôvb ïi“ Kiv‡K ejv n‡jv A‰bmjvwgK| iex›`ª Ges bRi“j Rqš—x‡Z Zuv‡ì Qwe UvOv‡bv ch©š— Pig cÖwZev‡ì gy‡LvgywL n‡jv| cvwK¯—vwb bxwZi bv‡g †`‡ki wkí-mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K cðv`gyLx Kivi Av‡qvRb ZxeªZi n‡jv| GB msKxY©Zv‡eva wb‡q †`k fvM nq| mvs¯‹…wZK msK‡U mKj eyw×Rxexi wPš—v wew¶ß| Ggwb GK mgq, 1948 mv‡j †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq igbvi gv‡V m`‡¤¢ †NvlYv K‡ib Urdu and Urdu alone shall be the State language of Pakistan. ZLb gymwjg jxM RbwcªqZvi kx‡l©| gymwjg jx‡Mi ZíxevnK eyw×Rxex, wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi| ivRbxwZ w`‡q mivmwi †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e bq †R‡b mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g wRbœvn&i m`¤¢ Dw³, miKv‡ii wbh©vZb Ges MYwe‡ivax Kvh©Kjv‡ci wei“‡× cÖwZev` ïi“ nq|

Av‡MB e‡jwQ, 1945 mv‡j †Rjv RR ˆkevj ¸ß Ges Zuvi ¯¿x A‡kvKv ¸‡ßi AvMÖ‡n PÆMÖv‡g cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Avgiv iex›`ª Rqš—x D`hvcb Kwi| m¤¢eZ GUvB PÆMÖv‡g cÖ_g iex›`ª Rqš—x| IB eQ‡iB Avgiv Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡ì wZb w`be¨vcx R‡b¥vrme cvjb Kwi| 1946 mv‡j cÖZ¨¶ msMÖv‡gi wecix‡Z `v½vi wei“‡× me©`jxqfv‡e e¨vcK AvKv‡i bRi“j Rqš—x D`hvwcZ nq| GUvB PÆMÖv‡gi me©cÖ_g bRi“j R‡b¥vrme| Drme †k‡l †ei Kwi weivU `v½vwe‡ivax wgwQj| G‡Z AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb PÆMÖv‡gi gymjgvb mgv‡Ri wewkó e¨w³iv| iwdDwÏb wmwÏKx, Ave`yj nK †`vfvl, Avng` mvMxi †PŠayix, Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, Aveyj dRj, cÖ‡dmi nvweeyi ingvb cÖgyL| GQvov G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi `L‡ji gvgjvi m`¨ gyw³cÖvß exi msMÖvgx Aw¤^Kv PµeZx©, M‡Yk †Nvl, Abš— wmsn, †jvKbv_ ej Ges Kíbv `Ë| 1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m †ei Kwi Ômxgvš—ÕÑ GKwU cÖwZev`x gvwmK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv| ZLb Avgvi e‡qm gvÎ wek|

Avgiv hviv KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZ…‡Z¡ `ywbqv Ry‡o d¨vwmev‡ì wei“‡× jovB K‡iwQ, weªwUk mvgªvRëv`‡K weZvwoZ Kivi msMÖv‡g RbMY‡K mvg‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi Awfkvc †_‡K †`k‡K gy³ Kivi msMÖvg K‡iwQ, wkí-mvwnZ¨‡K RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q G‡b Zv‡ì i“wU-i“wRi AwaKvi‡K mywbwðZ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, evg †PZbvi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î KvR K‡iwQ Ñ Zviv †`k‡K GB cðvrc`Zvi w`‡K †V‡j †`qv‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| gyw³i c_ †Kv_vq, Gi mÜv‡b Avgiv Ômxgvš—Õ‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Gjvg| Amv¤cÖ vwqK gvbeZvev`x ms¯‹wZi PP©v, RvZxq cÖMwZ, wek¦kvwš—, wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki m„wókxj ¶gZv‡K gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ Kiv, evsjv mvwn‡Zï †MŠi‡ev¾¡j HwZn¨‡K g~javivq GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv, me iKg weK…wZ, Kyms¯‹vi K~cgÛ~KZv, RvwZ-ag©-eY© Ges m¤cÖ`vqMZ we‡f‡ì wei“‡× Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨Õ GB Av`k©‡K D‡”P Zz‡j m„wókxj mvwnZ¨ PP©v‡K DrmvwnZ KivB wQj Ômxgv‡š—Õi g~j D‡Ïk¨| GB j‡¶¨ †cuŠQvevi Rb¨ c~e© I cwðg evsjvi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ ˆgÎx Ges HK¨ cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k Avgiv Dfq evsjvi bexb I cÖexY †jLK‡ì KvQ †_‡K †jLv msMª‡n m‡Pó n‡q DwV| d‡j `yB evsjvi gvbeZvev`x †jLK m¤cÖ`vq Ômxgv‡š—Õi AvZ¥cÖKvk‡K Awfbw›`Z K‡i webv cvwikªwg‡K †jLv w`‡Z AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| c~e© evsjvi cÖw_Zhkv mvwnwZ¨K Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`, W.

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gyn¤§` knx`yj−vn, Kwe gCbyÏxb, mywdqv Kvgvj, gbmyi“Ïxb, RmxgD & xb, W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK, gvneye Dj Avjg, Inx`yj Avjg, Aveyj dRj, kIKZ Imgvb, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix, Aveyj evix Iqv‡imx, Awgqf~lY PµeZx©, gyn¤§` nvexeyj −vn evnvi, †di`vDm Lvb cÖgyL| bexb‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb gybxi †PŠayix, mvbvDj nK, Kwe AvZvDi ingvb, kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg, AvjvDwÏb Avj-AvRv`, kvgmyi ivngvb, Kwe gwZDj Bmjvg, †Mvcvj wek¦vm, my‡evaiÄb ivq, Ge‡b †Mjvg bex, myavsï miKvi, myPwiZ †PŠayix, †Kke †PŠayix, wewRZ Kzgvi `Ë, Ave`yj −vn Avj gyZx kidzÏxb, Avey Rvdi Ievq`yj−vn Lvb, gZz©Rv ekxi, Ave`yj Mwb nvRvix, mvBdzj Avjg, wmivRyj Bmjvg (AvwRR wgwmi), mg‡i›`ª `Ë, Drcj †PŠayix, †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi, †èwcÖq eo–qv, AwPš—¨ PµeZx©, ïfvkxl †PŠayix, bbx †mb¸ß, knx` mv‡ei, i“¯—g Lvb, AvBbybœvnvi, byi“bœvnvi cÖgyL| cwðge‡½i Abœ`vk¼i ivq, m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ gRyg`vi, my‡kvfb miKvi, †Mvcvj nvj`vi, wegjP›`ª †Nvl, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, ey×‡è emy, Avey mqx` AvBqye, weòz †`, g½jvPiY P‡Ævcva¨vq, Rxeb PµeZx©, mwjj †PŠayix, wKiYk¼i †mb¸ß, wef~wZ †PŠayix, my‡jLv mvb¨vj, iex›`ª gRyg`vi, iv‡g›`y †`kgyL, c~‡Y©›`y cÎxmn Av‡iv A‡bK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K †jLv w`‡q Avgv‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB AvR †eu‡P †bB| Zuv‡ì cÖwZ K…ZÁZv, kª×v Ges fv‡jvevmvq Avgvi Aš—i GL‡bv cwic~Y©| Ômxgv‡š—Õ Mí, KweZv, cÖeÜ, bvUK, Dcb¨vm QvovI _vK‡Zv wbqwgZ cy¯—K cwiPq, cvV‡Ki gZvgZ, wek¦kvwš—i Dci wbqwgZ wdPvi Ges †`k-we‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv wkíx mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g~jëvb †jLv| LvRv Avng` AveŸvm, cve‡jv †bi“`v, bvwRg wnK&gZ, wKlY P›ì, Rb †÷ªgx, KY©‡dvW©, gyjKivR Avb›`, BQgZ PzNZvB, wµ‡÷vdvi KW&I‡qj, Bwjqv G‡ibeyM©, nvIqvW© dv÷ cÖgyL mvwnwZ¨K‡ì †jLvi Abyev` cÖvq AwZ msL¨vq ¯’vb †c‡Zv| Abyev` Ki‡Zb XvKvi Bd‡ZLvi“j Avjg (wKPjy), kIKZ Imgvb, Avn‡g yj Kexi, mvbvDj nK, Avey †gvnv¤§` kvnveyÏxb, gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix cÖgyL| cÖm½Zt D‡j−L¨, Ômxgv‡š—Õi D‡`¨v‡M PÆMÖv‡g Ave`yj nK †`vfvl‡K mfvcwZ Ges Avgv‡K mvaviY m¤úv`K K‡i MwVZ nq wek¦kvwš— cwil`| GB cwil` cvigvYweK †evgv wbwl×Ki‡Yi `vwe‡Z 1950 mv‡j mvZ j¶ ¯^v¶i msMÖn K‡i| msMÖnKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡iv bvg Avgvi GL‡bv g‡b c‡o| Avey †gvnv¤§` kvnveyÏxb, wKkjq †mbkg©v, Avn‡g`yi ingvb AvRgx, wPË wms, bbx miKvi, we‡bv` `vk¸ß| GB ¯^v¶icÎ myB‡W‡bi ivRavbx ÷K‡nv‡g (wek¦kvwš— Av‡›`vj‡bi †nW †KvqvU©vi) cvVv‡bv nq| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avwg kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi Avgš¿Y cvB| wKš‘ IB mgq miKvi Avgvi cvm‡cvU© ev‡Rqvß K‡i| †mB †_‡K Avwg Dwbk eQi †`‡ki evB‡i †h‡Z cvwiwb| 1950 mv‡j hLb mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v ïi“ nq, ZLb mxgv‡š—i wkíx-mvwnwZ¨Kiv iwdDwÏb wmwÏKx‡K mfvcwZ Ges Avgv‡K m¤úv`K K‡i GKwU cÖwZôvb MVb K‡ib| bvg †`qv nq kvwš— m‡¤§jb| GB cÖwZôv‡bi Zid †_‡K Zi“Y‡ì wb‡q GKwU kvwš—‡dŠRI MVb Kiv nq| Zviv gnj−vq gnj−vq kvwš—i evYx cÖPvi K‡i| Mv‡bi gva¨‡g (I fvB †`k QvBov hvBIbv/GKfvB hLb euvBPv AvwQ Avi †Kv‡bv fq KB‡iv bv t †jLK gvneye Djg Avjg †PŠayix) hv‡Z `y®K…wZKvix‡ì g‡b fq Ges msL¨vjNy‡ì g‡b Avkv I wek¦vm mÂvi nq, Zvi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z m‡PZb cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| G cÖm‡½ cÖ‡dmi †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix †j‡Lb t ÔZi“Y wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì mRxe gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a Avgiv mK‡jB gy»| wbivkvi Avuav‡i ZvivB Avgv‡ì Avkvi Av‡jv|Õ `v½vi wei“‡× IB eQ‡iB (êkvL, 1357) mxgvš— eo AvKv‡i we‡kl msL¨v †ei K‡i| GB †cÖw¶‡Z cwðge‡½i gvwmK ÔcwiPqÕ cwÎKvq (kªveY, 1357) gvK©mxqZË¡we` †Mvcvj nj`vi †j‡Lb t

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ÒnZ¨vi Aa¨vq †_‡g‡Q, wZbgvm a‡i Avgiv w`j−x-KivwPi Pzw³K…Z †mŠnv‡`©ï AvenvIqvq evm KiwQ| w`j−xi miKvwi wnmv‡e ï‡bwQ, †jv‡Ki Av¯’v wd‡i Avm‡Q| Ges wkqvj`n †÷k‡b †`LwQ †m Av¯’vi Ae¯’v| c~e© evsjvi my`~i PÆMÖvg †_‡K Ggwb mg‡q nv‡Z G‡m †cuŠQj Ômxgvš—Õ bv‡g gvwmKc‡Îi Ô`v½vwe‡ivax msL¨vÕ| c~e© evsjvq `v½vwe‡ivax gvbyl Av‡Qb Ges Zuviv Avcbv‡ì †mB gZvgZ †NvlYv Ki‡Z fxZ bb| GB msev` Avgiv cwðg evsjvi gvbyliv KqRb Rvwb? KqRb Zv wek¦vm Kwi? Zey †mB Aåvš— †NvlYv wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ômxgvš—Õ Avi †m GKvI bq| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi GKvwaK evsjv gvwmKc‡Î GB cÖgvY| cwðg evsjv †_‡K Ggwb Ô†Kv‡bv `v½vwe‡ivaxÕ msL¨vi Avk¦vm w`‡q †Kv‡bv mvgwqKx G mg‡q c~e© evsjvq wM‡q‡Q wKbv Rvwb bv| G cÖkœ Zzj‡ZI fq cvB| KviY Zr¶YvrB D‡V co‡e GB ZK© Ñ †Kvb evsjv KZUv `v½vgyLx| Zvici †K wXj Quyoj, cÖ_g K‡e; Avi Kviv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q †ewk, Kviv †mw`‡K KZUv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| Amn¨! N„Yvi m‡½ G ZK© eR©b Ki‡Z PvB| Z_vwc wRÁvmv Ki‡Z nqÑ cwðg evsjvi ms¯‹wZ-†meK‡ì c¶ †_‡K m¤cÖwZ GB 1950-Gi `yw`©‡b Giƒc †Kv‡bv cÖ‡Póv n‡q‡Q wKbv| KviY, GL‡bv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi Zx_©‡¶Î cwðg evsjv| Avi †m ms¯‹…wZi cÖvY‡K›`ª KjKvZv| wKš‘ Giƒc my¯úó †Kv‡bv cÖqvm KjKvZvi ms¯‹…wZi †meK‡ì c¶ †_‡K ms¯‹…wZi GB `y‡h©v‡M n‡q‡Q e‡j Avgvi g‡b co‡Q bv| `yÕGKwU wgjb P‡µi †Póvi K_v Rvwb, ZvI mv_©K AvKvi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P GK_v mZ¨ †h, wK c~e© evsjv, wK cwðg evsjvq †Kv‡bvLv‡bB y®‹„ZKvix ev `v½vRxex‡ì msL¨v eo †Rvi yÕGK j‡¶i †ewk bq| mvaviY

my¯’, kvwš—Kvgx‡ì msL¨v j¶ j¶, Avm‡j ZuvivB kZKiv 90 Rb| wKš‘ Zuviv mwµq bb, msMwVZ n‡Z Rv‡bb bv eis bvbvwea AKj¨vYKi cÖPv‡i Zuv‡ì †mB ïfeyw×I GK GKevi Av”Qbœ nq| Avi mvaviY mg‡qI msMV‡b”Qv Zuv‡ì Aembœ n‡q _v‡K| Zuv‡ì Aemv` I wbw®ŒqZvi GB my‡hvM wb‡qB `v½vRxexiv mgv‡R †eu‡P _v‡K Ges mvgwqKfv‡e `j e„w×I K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| GB mZÏ eyw×Rxex ev ms¯‹…wZevb‡ì ARvbv †bB| 1946 †_‡K 1949 mvj ch©š— evOvwji GB eyw×Rxex-mgvR Z_vwc wb‡R‡ì KZ©e¨ cvj‡b G‡Kev‡i Ak³ nbwb| `yB evsjvi we‡f` Zuviv †iva Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ `yB evsjvi we‡iva eÜ ivL‡Z Zuviv me©`vB m‡Pó wQ‡jb| wKš‘ 1949-Gi †k‡l Gevi evOvwj ms¯‹…wZevb‡ì c‡¶ Avi †mB †MŠiegq HwZn¨ i¶v KivI m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| Ggwb mg‡q c~e© evsjvi c~e© mxgvš— †_‡K Ômxgvš—Õ c‡Îi Avnevb Avgiv ïb‡Z †cjvg Ñ Ômxgv‡š—Õi mnKvix mKj eÜz‡ì Avgiv Awfb›`b Rvbvw”Q| m~h© c~e© w`‡KB I‡V| AÜKv‡ii g‡aÏ GB Av‡jvK”QUv †mLv‡bB AvR evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ-ˆmwb‡Kiv †`L‡Z †cj|

†evanq K_vUv ejv cÖ‡qvRbÑ Ômxgvš—Õ mvgëv`x‡ì cÎ bq| Ômxgv‡š—Õ cÖavb Av‡e`b Kwe, wkí I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wbKU, Zvi cÖavb `vwe gbyl¨‡Z¡i bv‡g, Ôee©iZv †h Kvi‡YB NUyK bv †Kb, Zv ee©iZvB Ges ee©eZvi RqRqKv‡i †Kv‡bv gbyl¨Z¡Kvgx gvbyl Lywk n‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ ZvB Aa¨vcK †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi we‡kl `vwe cwðge‡½i Kwe, wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wbKU| ivRbxwZ I a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi Mfxi Awek¦vm; wZwb Avnevb K‡i‡Qb, ÔG

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e¨vcv‡i m‡Z¨b gRyg`vi, Abœ vk¼i ivq, my‡kvfb miKvi, myaxb `Ë, hvwgbx ivq, weòz †`, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq cÖf„wZ Kwe, wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì Kv‡Q|Õ Avi GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb Pvb wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì `yB e‡½ wgwjZ cwiågY eë¯’v| mymsevÌ wZwb Rvwb‡q‡QbÑ PvUMuv kn‡i Zi“Y wkíx I mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv wg‡j †mLv‡b GKwU `v½v-we‡ivax cÖwZôvb Ges kvwš—‡dŠRI M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| cwðg evsjvi wkíx I mvwnwZ¨KMY nq‡Zv Zv †kv‡bb bvB| ZvB Avgiv we‡kl K‡i cwðg evsjvi wkw¶Z‡ì `„wó GB D`vicÖvY ev½vwj eÜzi cÖeÜwUi w`‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z PvB| cwðg evsjvi wkíxiv c~e© evsjvi GB ms¯‹…wZ-mnagx©i nv‡Z nvZ wgjvb|

Aek¨ Ômxgv‡š—Õi G msL¨vi mvwnwZ¨K g~jÏ Kg bqÑ K…lY P‡›ì Ô`yB Ag„ZmiÕ (D`y© †_‡K Ab~w`Z) gg©vwš—K Mí| K‡qKwU KweZv we‡kl K‡i Rbve gvneye Djg Avjg †PŠayixi Ô¯§„wZ †bB, nvwmbv †bB t KvKvevey †bBÕ ì‡ì †Rv‡i Aš—i ¯úk© K‡i| cÖeÜ KqwU‡Z Ômxgv‡š—Õi D‡Ïk¨ ¯úó|Ó

PÆMÖv‡g 1997 mv‡j Avgv‡K msea©bv †`qv Dcj‡¶ A‡bvgv wkíx‡Mvôx ÔAwfb›`bÕ bv‡g †h ¯§viKMÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡Z Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex †j‡LbÑ ÔPÆMÖv‡gi mxgvš— cwÎKv I Zv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i mvs¯‹…wZK êV‡Ki cÖ‡Póvq †h cÖMwZkxj wµqvK‡g©i ïi“ n‡qwQj ZviB mdj cwiYwZ 1951 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g nwi‡Lvjv gv‡V AbywôZ Z`vbxš—b c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb, 1952 mv‡j Kzwgj−vq AbywôZ mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb Ges 1954 mv‡j XvKv KvR©b n‡ji †mB weL¨vZ m‡¤§jb| 1961 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g AbywôZ n‡jv iex›`ªbv‡_i Rb¥ kZevwl©Kx| PÆMÖv‡g mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek m„wó bv n‡j †`ke¨vcx G ai‡bi m‡¤§jb Kiv ZLbKvi w`‡b m¤¢e wQj bv| G‡¶‡Î PÆMÖv‡gi Ae`vb kx‡l©Õ (c„ôv 40)|

GKB MÖ‡š’ kIKZ Imgvb †j‡LbÑ Ômxgvš—Õ cwÎKv Ges cwÎKv‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o IVv ms¯‹…wZ-êVK, êVK †_‡K m„ó ÔcÖvwš—K bebvU¨ msNÕ Ges G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g cÖMwZkxj, ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb (1951) cÖf„wZ c~e© evsjvi êc −weK ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j myiI †eu‡a w`‡qwQj| `v½vwe‡ivax Ômxgvš—Õ AMÖhvÎvi gvBjdjK (c„ôv 19)|

fvlvi cÖ‡kœI Ômxgvš—Õ AMÖYx Ges `ytmvnwmK f~wgKv wb‡qwQj| mxgv‡š—i cÖ_g el© wØZxq msL¨v AsMÖnvqY 1354 (wW‡m¤î 1947) mvZvbœ eQi Av‡M ivóªfvlvi Dci †h m¤úv`Kxq †jLv n‡qwQj Zv ûeû wb‡P Zz‡j †`qv n‡jvÑ

Òc~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv wK n‡e GB wb‡q Gig‡a¨ bvbv Av‡jvPbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ c~e© cvwK —v‡bi mvwnwZ¨Ke„›` evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q cÖavbgš¿xi Kv‡Q GK ¯§viKwjwc †ck K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì G Aby‡iva †gv‡UB AvKw¯§K bq| ¯vfvweK †cÖiYvB Gi Drm| cÖkœ, ivóªfvlv wK nIqv DwPZ? ivóª hw` MYZvwš¿K nq Z‡e M‡Yi fvlv; †h fvlvq †m K_v e‡j AKzwÉZfv‡e, hvi Øviv †m g‡bi fve cÖKv‡k mg_© nq, †mB fvlvB iv‡óª ¯’vb cv‡e, GUv ¯^vfvweK| Gig‡a¨ ÔwKš‘Õ †Kv_vq? wKš‘ ZeyI wKš‘Õi cÖkœ I‡V| G cÖkœ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi AMwYZ Rbmvavi‡Yi K‡É aŸwbZ nq bv, aŸwbZ nq gywó‡gq K‡qKR‡bi K‡É| gywó‡gq n‡jI Zuv‡ì K‡É kw³ Av‡Q, bB‡j ¯§viKwjwc ev Av‡jvPbvi ìKvi n‡Zv bv, mvaviY gvbyl‡KI nVvr G‡Zv DrKwÉZ n‡Z DV‡Z n‡Zv bvÑ gywó‡gq K‡qKR‡bi Pv‡c c‡o| hw` M‡Yi fvlv iv‡óª ¯’vb bv cvq, Z‡e MYZ‡š¿i `yw`©b ej‡Z n‡e| MYZ‡š¿i eywj AvIovB‡j MYZ‡š¿i gh©v`v †`qv nq bv| fvlvi w`K †_‡K hw` wePvi Kiv hvq, Z‡e evsjv AcvO‡³q bq| eis c„w_exi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †kªô fvlv e‡j cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| Gi mvwnZ¨ c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv †kªô mvwn‡Zï ìev‡i ¯^”Q‡›` Avmb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| hw` †jvK MYbvi wfwË‡ZI G‡K wePvi Kiv hvq, Z‡e

9

c„w_exi Kg †`kB Av‡Q †hLv‡b GKwU fvlvq GZ †jvK K_v e‡j| wKš‘ G¸‡jvB-ev iv‡óªi fvlvi wePvh© welq n‡e †Kb? ivóª hw` Rbmvavi‡Yi nq, Z‡e Rbmvavi‡Yi fvlvB iv‡óª ¯’vb cv‡e| Zv †m hZB AcvO&‡³q †nvK bv †Kb, KviY †mB fvlv‡ZB iv‡óªi g½j wbwnZ|

gvby‡li †PvL Dcwo‡q Zv‡K my›ì K‡i †Zvjv hvq bv, R‡bi fvlv‡K ev` w`‡q R‡bi me©v½xb DbœwZ †Zgwb Am¤¢e| AvR ykÕ eQ‡ii we‡`kx kvm‡bi †evSv Avgv‡ì mZ¨wU‡K g‡g© g‡g© Dcjwä Ki‡Z wkwL‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR fvlvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì mš—vb‡ì ÁvbvR©‡b †h cwigvY †gi“`Ê `ye©j n‡q‡Q, Áv‡bi cÖmvi †m cwigvY jvf nqwb| wbR¯^ fvlvq †hUv AvqË Ki‡Z `yÕNÈv jvM‡Zv, we‡`kx fvlv QÕNÈvq †mUv m¤ú~Y© Avq‡Ë Av‡mwb, Avmevi K_vI bq|

fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨B hw` fvlvi m„wó n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e †m †`‡ki RbmvaviY †h fvlvq mn‡RB fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m fvlvB iv‡óª cÖvavb¨ jvf Ki‡e| Gig‡a¨ Z‡K©i ¯’vb †Kv_vq? †`‡ki g‡a¨ we‡`kx fvlvi Abykxjb Pj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h, wbR¯^ fvlv †Q‡o we‡`kx fvlvB MjvatKiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †KD hw` †¯^”Qvq we‡`kx fvlv AvqË K‡ib, Z‡e †mUv Zvi gnr ¸Y I wbôvi cwiPvqK| wKš‘ ZvB e‡j GKR‡bi Nv‡o we‡`kx fvlvi RMÏj cv_i Pvwc‡q †`qvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv m`y‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| miKvwi `dZ‡i ìKvi n‡j evsjv fvlv we‡`kxq fvlvq Abyev` K‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ iv‡óªi ˆ`bw›`b KvR hw` AvRI †Kv‡bv we‡`kx fvlvq Pj‡Z nq, Z‡e ¯^vaxbZv ïay BwZnv‡mi cvZvB D¾¡j Ki‡e, Rbmvavi‡Yi m‡½ Zvi †Kv‡bvw`b Pv¶zl cwiPq n‡e bv|Ó Gfv‡e c~e© evsjvi MYZvwš¿K ms¯‹…wZ‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †bevi †Póvq G‡`‡ki

gvbeZvev`x †jLK‡ì Avgiv Ômxgv‡š—Õi HK¨g‡Â GKwÎZ Kwi| hviv wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡ wek¦vmx n‡q miKvwi bxwZi †jRyoe„wË K‡iwQj Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki †gvngyw³ N‡U| Avgv‡ì GB msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ ZvivI µ‡g mg_©b Rvbv‡bv ïi“ K‡i| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgv‡ì kw³‡K msnZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1951 mv‡ji 16, 17, 18 I 19 gvP© Zvwi‡L PÆMÖv‡g gnvmgv‡iv‡n mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| g~j mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`‡K| mywdqv Kvgvj, Aveyj dRj, kIKZ Imgvb, †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix, Kwjg kivdx, AvjvDwÏb Avj-AvRv`, gy —vdv b~iDj Bmjvg, wkíx Avwgbyj Bmjvg, nvwg`yi ingvb, weRb †PŠayix cÖgyL wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv GB m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| m‡¤§j‡b XvKv †_‡K Av‡iv wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki †hvM`v‡bi K_v wQj| wKš‘ ÔAvRv`Õ cwÎKvq m‡¤§j‡bi wei“‡× wbqwgZ cÖPvi Ges c~e©e½ miKv‡ii AwjwLZ wb‡lavÁvi Kvi‡Y Zviv Avm‡Z mvnm K‡ibwb|

cwðge½ †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb ˆ`wbK ÔmZ¨hy‡MÕi m¤úv`K m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ gRyg`vi| mwjj †PŠayixi †bZ…‡Z¡ MYbvU¨ ms‡Ni GKwU †¯‹vqvW Ges mywPÎv wgÎ, †èeªZ wek¦vm, †nbv eg©Y, I¯—v` evnv yi Lvb cÖgyL wkíx-mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv| GB m‡¤§j‡b ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡¶ c~e© evsjvi ¯^vqËkvmb I wek¦kvwš—i ¯^c‡¶ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ nq| gvby‡li g½j Kivi mw`”Qv‡K Aw½f~Z K‡i mv¤cÖ`vwqK mvwn‡Zï wei“‡×, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wei“‡×, †kvl‡Yi wei“‡×, hy‡×i wei“‡×, GK †`‡ki Dci Ab¨ †`‡ki cÖfy‡Z¡i wei“‡×, mvgš—Z‡š¿i wei“‡× cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q gvbeZvi ¯^c‡¶ GB m‡¤§jb n‡q I‡V GKwU MYZvwš¿K HK¨gÂ|

GB m‡¤§jb‡K cÊ Kivi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK AvRv` cwÎKv wbqwgZ m¤úv`Kxq †j‡L| G‡K KwgDwb÷ ZrciZv e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i| ¯’vbxq gymwjg jx‡Mi ¸Êviv m‡¤§jb‡K †f‡O †`qvi Rb¨ Pµvš— K‡i| Avgiv RbMY‡K msNe× K‡i GB Pµvš— cÖwZnZ Kwi|

Gfv‡e 1947 mvj †_‡K 1952 mvj ch©š— Ômxgvš—Õ wbfx©K f~wgKv wb‡q bvbv AwMœcix¶vi ga¨w`‡q cwiYZ nq Z`vbxš—b c~e© evsjvi MYZvwš¿K ms¯‹…wZi gyLcÎ| 1952 mv‡j Avwg PÆMÖvg †Rjv

10

ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡`i AvnevqK wbe©vwPZ nB| fvlv knx`‡`i Dci (cÖ_g KweZv) ÔKuv`‡Z Avwmwb duvwmi `vex wb‡q G‡mwQÕ `xN© KweZvwU wjwL| GB Aciv‡a Avgvi wei“‡× ûwjqv Rvwi nq| Avwg AvZ¥‡Mvc‡b P‡j hvB| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z miKvwi nvgjvi gy‡L Ômxgvš—Õ‡K Avi euvwP‡q ivLv m¤¢e nqwb|

cuvP eQ‡i wbqwgZ AwbqwgZfv‡e cÖvq AvUPwj −k msL¨v mxgvš— †ei n‡qwQj e‡j Avgvi g‡b c‡o| `yt‡Li welq eû †LuvRvLuywRi ci M‡elK W. BmivBj Lv‡bi cÖ‡Póvq Qvcvbœ eQi ci gvÎ †ZiwU msL¨v msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q|

GB msL¨v¸‡jv GK‡Î ûeû m¤úv`bv K‡i Qvwc‡q cÖKvk Kivi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb M‡elK W. BmivBj Lvb Ges Avgvi ¿x RIkb Aviv ingvb|

Ômxgvš—Õ GLb BwZnv‡mi Aš—M©Z| Ômxgv‡š—Õi cyiv‡bv msL¨v¸‡jv cybivq cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g evOvwj RvwZi HwZn¨, ù~iY, Zvi AvZ¥gh©v`vi D™¢vm Ges IB mg‡qi mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi bZzb Amv¤cÖ`vwqK aviv I BwZnvm cvVK mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q mgv`„Z n‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix mxgvš— evwo-48, moK-20, †m±i-3 DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230

11

m~wPcÎ

1 el© 1 msL¨v KvwZ©K 1354 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

myPwiZ †PŠayix

gyn¤§` nexeyj −vn evnvi (evYx) ï‡f”Qv Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi` (cÖeÜ) cÙveZx m¤^‡Ü hrwKwÂr

Avï‡Zvl †PŠayix (Muv_vwPÎ) ¯^‡cœi Rq gvneye-Dj Avjg (e¨w³MZ) mxgvš—

W±i gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK (cÖeÜ) evsjvi MÖvg gCbyÏxb (Kw_Kv) cvwK¯—v‡bi Avmj iƒc

Abœ`vk¼i ivq (KweZv) evYx Inx yj Avjg (KweZv) GKwU KweZv RxebKzgvi PµeZ©x (KweZv) beea~

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) ¯^vaxbZv my‡evaiÄb ivq (KweZv) cÖZx¶v myavsï miKvi (KweZv) fqvj

mvqdzj Avjg (KweZv) wUKwUwK †ieZx‡gvnb †PŠayix (KweZv) iƒc Aveyj dRj (Mí) cyÎv‡_© fvh©v

ïfvkxl †PŠayix (Mí) Rxeb I AvU© cwigj Kvwš— ivq (Mí) AveiY

bbx †mb¸ß (cÖeÜ) evsjv fvlvi iƒcvš—i ïfvkxl †PŠayix (Av‡jvPbv) iƒcvqb (Pjw”PÎ wel‡q)

cÖfvZKzgvi †mb (Av‡jvPbv) †eZvi cÖm½ I kvi`xqvi †eKW©

1 el© 2 msL¨v AMÖnvqY 1354 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

myPwiZ †PŠayix

Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi` (cÖeÜ) cÖvPxb e½-mvwnZ¨ I gmyjgvb †hv‡MkP›`ª wmsn (cÖeÜ) a‡g©i M−vwb

†eMg mywdqv Kvgvj (KweZv) i³v³ w`‡bi †k‡l gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) gvwU

ew¼g †mb (KweZv) hvÎv myavsï miKvi (KweZv) DØv¯‘

AwPš—¨ PµeZ©x (KweZv) aª“eZviv Ave`ym mvjvg (Mvb) weivMx

Aveyj dRj (Mí) cyÎv‡_© fvh©v G. evix Iqv‡imx (Mí) †mI fv‡jvevmZ

12

Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex (Mí) bZzb mgm¨v myPwiZ †PŠayix (Av‡jvPbv) bZzb †jLv (Av‡jvob, Kv‡djv, BbQvd, bKxe)

Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex (Av‡jvPbv) cÖm½ t ivóªfvlv; mvs¯‹…wZK msKU

1 el© 3 msL¨v †cŠl 1354 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

myPwiZ †PŠayix

RxebKzgvi PµeZ©x (cÖeÜ) QvÎcÎ t myKvš— fÆvPvh© wefywZ †PŠayix (KweZv) `yt¯^cœ iex›`ª gRyg`vi (KweZv) wØLÛ

Inx`yj Avjg (KweZv) GKwU Zi“‡Yi AKvj we‡qvM gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) Rxeb

myPwiZ †PŠayix (KweZv) BswMZ gvneye-Dj Avjg (Mí) ¯’jvZ¼ gybxi †PŠayix (Mí) k‡eeivZ ïfvkxl †PŠayix (Mí) BwZnvm

ïfvkxl †PŠayix (Av‡jvPbv) cwiPvjK eo–qv Aa¨vcK Aveyj dRj (Av‡jvPbv) we‡qvMcÄx : KzÏym

Aa¨vcK gyn¤§` gbmyiDÏxb (Av‡jvPbv AvjvIj) cÙveZx m¤úv`bvq mvwnZ¨ wekviv` Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex (Av‡jvPbv) ms¯‹…wZ êVK

2 el© 1 msL¨v †cŠl 1355, Rvbyqvwi 1949 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

myPwiZ †PŠayix

ˆmq` Rvgvj Avn‡g` (cÖeÜ) mvwnZ¨ ms¯‹…wZ I wek¦kvwš— kIKZ Imgvb (Abyev`) BKev‡ji KweZv gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) mf¨Zv

AwPš—¨ PµeZ©x (KweZv) GKwU i³v³ D×Z eyK †gvm‡dKv ingvb (KweZv) So

byi“b&bvnvi (KweZv) cvnviv myPwiZ †PŠayix (KweZv) knx‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨

Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex (Mí) igRvb †MvcvjP›`ª wek¦vm (Mí) GqvKz‡ei †eUv

knx`yj−vn mv‡ei (Av‡jvPbv) mxgvš— ˆmq` Rvgvj Avn‡g` (Av‡jvPbv) ms¯‹…wZ êVK

2 el© 2 msL¨v gvN 1355, †deª“qvwi 1949

13

m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix myPwiZ †PŠayix

Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨wekvi` (cÖeÜ) eo‡hvMxi cyuw_ Gm Gg eRjyj nK (KweZv) ZvZvwi ˆZgyi †Kv_v

meyR †PŠayix (gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) weeZ©b Pjwš—Kv ivq (myPwiZ †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) Avgv‡ì KweZv

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (bvUK) AvMvgxKvj kIKZ Imgvb (Dcb¨vm) jvjevby mg‡i›`ª `Ë (Mí) †mvbvwgTv gvwS

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (Av‡jvPbv) Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ †`ŠjZi ingvb (Av‡jvPbv) AvYweK fwel¨r

2 el© 5 msL¨v Avwk¦b 1356, A‡±vei 1949 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

myPwiZ †PŠayix [2 el© 4 msL¨v cvIqv hvqwb

2 el© 5 msL¨vI LwÛZ cÖ_g w`KKvi c„ôv¸‡jv cvIqv hvqwb]

bbx †mb¸ß (cÖeÜ) G hy‡Mi Kwe¸i“ PÂj P‡Ævcva¨vq (KweZv) cÖwZkÖ“wZ

mykvš— †PŠayix (KweZv) Kqjv Pjwš—Kv ivq (myPwiZ †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) wRÁvmv

†gvnv¤§` kv‡n`DwÏb (gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) GKwU KweZv kIKZ Imgvb (Dcb¨vm) jvjevby

w`jxc gy‡Lvcva¨vq (Mí) †gvnbeuvkx ïay †PŠayix (myPwiZ †PŠayixi QÙbvg, Mí) me¨mvPx

kªx my‡i›`ª‡gvnb kv¯¿x, ZK©Zx_© (Av‡jvPbv) cÖvPxb PÆMÖv‡gi †fŠMwjK I mvs¯‹…wZK iƒc Aveyj dRj (Av‡jvPbv) giûg Avng` mMxi †PŠayix

3 el© 1 msL¨v êkvL 1357 `v½v-we‡ivax msL¨v

m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

†gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix (cÖeÜ) cwðge‡½i Kwe wkíx mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wbKU GKwU Av‡e`b Aveyj dRj (cÖeÜ) BwZnv‡mi Avnevb

kªx †hv‡MkP›`ª wmsn (cÖeÜ) hy‡Mi mxgv‡š— †Mvcvj wek¦vm (cÖeÜ) BwZnv‡mi AcÖwZ‡iva¨ MwZ

Abœ`vk¼i ivq (KweZv) bRi“j‡K kIKZ Imgvb (KweZv) ûuwkqvi

14

Pjwš—Kv ivq (myPwiZ †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) mÜ¨vi Kve¨ gwZDj Bmjvg (KweZv) LwÛZ G‡`‡k

cÖv_wgKv cÖvgvwYK (gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) DØv¯‘ AwPš—¨ PµeZ©x (KweZv) gvbyl

Inx`yj Avjg (KweZv) Ávb I †cÖg gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) ¯§„wZ †bB : nvwmbv †bB : KvKvevey †bB

Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex (GKvw¼Kv) bvU‡Ki Aš—iv‡j K…lY P›ì (Mí) `yB Ag„Zmi (Abyev` : kIKZ Imgvb)

mvqdzj Avjg (Mí) Drdzj − n‡q I‡V iZb Av‡jvPbv (m¤úv`Kxq) msKU

3 el© 2 msL¨v Avwk¦b 1357 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

K…lY P›ì (cÖeÜ) †Kvixq iYv½‡b Av‡gwiKvi cÖ_g wbnZ ˆmwb‡Ki cÖwZ †Lvjv wPwV (Bs‡iRx †_‡K Abyev` gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix, g~j cwÎKvq Abyev`‡Ki bvg wQj bv)

`ywU wb‡MÖv †jvK-m½xZ (m½xZ) Abyev`K g‡bvqvi †PŠayix (Kwe mvbvDj nK) gwZDj Bmjvg (KweZv) ¯^vaxbZv

AwPš—¨ PµeZ©x (KweZv) Avwg mvov w`B gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (KweZv) Rvcvbxiv wn‡ivwn‡Zvi Rb¨ nvwiwKwi K‡i

kIKZ Imgvb (Dcb¨vm) wb‡kv (wc. jyKwbrmwKi †_‡K Abyev`) †Mvcvj wek¦vm (Mí) †gvnv‡Rwib

G. wU. Gg. kvgmyÏxb (Av‡jvPbv) wek¦-hy× I kvwš— mqx`yj nvmvb (ms¯‹…wZ) ms¯‹…wZ msev`

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix (m¤úv`Kxq) Ômxgvš—Õ m¤ú‡K© e³e¨ wek¦kvwš—i Wv‡K ^v¶i w`b (Avnevb, gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi msMV‡bi weÁwß)

÷K‡nvg wek¦kvwš— KwgwUi Avnevb

3 el© 3 msL¨v KvwZ©K I AMÖnvqY 1357, 1950 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

RbóªvwP (cÖeÜ t Abyev`K gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix) KW&I‡qj I MYZš¿ AvjgMxi (gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayixi QÙbvg, KweZv) ^‡`k

mg‡i›`ª `Ë (KweZv) †¯‹P †èwcÖq eo–qv (KweZv) †Zvgv‡K

i“wai fÆvPvh© (KweZv) GKwU A½xKvi DBwjqvg nvDBU (Mí) k¥kvb Kg©x‡ì Mí (Abyev` mvbvDj nK) eješ— wms (Mí) Kvj‡µvk (D`y© †_‡K Abyev`K kIKZ Imgvb)

wmivRyj Bmjvg (Mí) `yÕZviv (AvwRR wgwQ‡ii QÙbvg) `v‡bkg›` Luv-b~Zb †jLv (kIKZ Imgv‡bi QÙbvg)

15

kIKZ Imgvb (Dcb¨vm) wb‡kv †gvnv¤§` kv‡n` DÏxb-cwÎKv cÖm½ (m¤úv`‡Ki QÙbvg)

gZvgZ-AvKei †nv‡mb I mRj †PŠayix Av‡jvPbv-we‡qvMcÄx

RR© evY©vW kÕ, wefywZf~lY e‡›`vcva¨vq, Ave yj nK †`vfvl, †gŠjvbv gwbi“¾vgvb, Beªvnxg Luv

3 el© 4 msL¨v †cŠl 1357, b‡f¤^i 1950 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

`xcK AvPvh© (cÖeÜ) ZzK©x Kwe bvwRg wnK&gZ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (KweZv) AwjwLZ Dcb¨vm

kwdKDwÏb Avn‡g` (KweZv) g„Zz¨Äq RvgvjywÏb (KweZv) GB mxgv‡š—

kIKZ Imgvb (Ab~w`Z Dcb¨vm) wb‡kv †Mvcvj wek¦vm (Mí) GKvÆv

Gje¨vU© gvj&R (†Mvcvj wek¦vm Ab~w`Z bvUK) myLx gvbyl K¬vW giM¨vb (fvlY) cj iem‡bi fvlY (Abyevw`Kv mywgZv gyrmywÏ)

G. wU. Gg. kvgmywÏb (Av‡jvPbv) cvwK¯—vb t MVbZš¿ Bikv` †nv‡mb (Av‡jvPbv, cwÎKv cÖm½ kvi`xqv I C`msL¨v)

Avwe` Avjx (Av‡jvPbv) cy¯—K cwiPq gwZDj Bmjvg cÖYxZ : Kv‡q‡` AvRg †Zvgvi Rb¨|

3 el© 5 msL¨v gvN 1357 †deª“qvwi 1951 m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

Bwjqv G‡ib eyM© (cÖeÜ) hy×‡K Avgiv †VKveB (Abyev`K : †Mvcvj wek¦vm) nvIqvW© dv÷ (KweZv) bvwRg wnKg‡Zi cÖwZ (Abyev`K : mvbvDj nK)

AvZvDi ingvb (KweZv) Kvj : AZxZ I eZ©gvb AvwRg †PŠayix (Kwe mvbvDj n‡Ki QÙbvg) Qov

w`j`vi †PŠayix (mvbvDj n‡Ki QÙbvg, Mí) Ac©Yx wmivRyj Bmjvg (Mí) NUbv

my. i. AvLZvi (Mí) cÖv‡Yi Av¤§v‡K wc. jyKwbrmwK (Dcb¨vm) wb‡kv

Awb‡gl ivq I wmivRyj Bmjvg (Av‡jvPbv) b~Zb †jLv ev cy¯—K mgv‡jvPbv wPiÄxe kg©v (Mvb) kvwš—i Mvb

cÖvY‡Mvcvj bv_ (Av‡jvPbv) gZvgZ BqvKze Lvb (Av‡jvPbv) gZvgZ

4 el© 1 msL¨v ˆekvL 1358

16

(ms¯‹…wZ-m‡¤§jb msL¨v 1951) m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi‡`i ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b cÖ`Ë g~j mfvcwZi AwffvlY kªxhy³ m‡Z¨› ªbv_ gRyg`vi (AwffvlY) ms¯‹…wZK m‡¤§j‡b cÖ`Ë fvlY

†eMg mywdqv Kvgvj (AwffvlY) ms¯‹…wZK m‡¤§j‡b cÖ`Ë fvlY †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi (cÖeÜ) Kv‡e¨ mgvR‡PZbv I HwZn¨‡eva (ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b cwVZ) Aveyj dRj (cÖeÜ) ms¯‹…wZ (ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b cwVZ Af¨_©bv KwgwUi mfvcwZi AwffvlY)

†gvnv¤§` †di`vDm Lvb (cÖeÜ) gvZ…fvlvi gh©v`v (ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b cwVZ) AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (KweZv) mxgvš— kni‡K

kvgmyi ivngvb (KweZv) GKwU AvZ¥cix¶v mg‡i›`ª `Ë (KweZv) Rbg `ytwLbx gv

bvwRg wnKgZ (KweZv) gvwU eÜz kÎ“ Zzwg I c„w_ex (Abyev`K : ivg emy) wc. jyKwbrmwK (Dcb¨vm, Abyev` kIKZ Imgvb) wb‡kv

kIKZ Imgvb (Mí) wcZv-cyÎ Awgqf~lY PµeZx© (wPÎ cÖ`kbx©i mgv‡jvPbv) †h Qwei Rb¥ nqwb

Ave yj Mwb (msev` cwiµgv) ms¯‹…wZ msev` ms¯‹…wZ m‡¤§j‡b †cÖwiZ evYx

(W. gyn¤§` knx`yj−vn, Abœ`vk¼i ivq, gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK) m¤úv`Kxq

5 el© 1 msL¨v Avlvp 1359, Ryb 1952 (wnmv‡e Miwgj _vK‡jI cwÎKvi Mv‡q Qvcv Av‡Q 7 el©)

m¤úv`K : gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix

†PŠayix nvi“bi iwk` (cÖeÜ) gvbbxq wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayix (cÖeÜ) bRi“j Bmjvg I †i‡bmuvm

my‡jLv mvbœ¨vj (Mí) †Nbœv Ave yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi` (cÖeÜ) †ivmv½ kni †Kv_vq?

Awgqf~lY PµeZx© (KweZv) ye©vi Bgvgyi iwk` (KweZv) D¾xeb

c~‡Y©›`y‡kLi cÎx (KweZv) gvby‡li Kve¨ AvZvDi ingvb (KweZv) bRi“j

†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi (Mí) †bvsMi gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix Ñ ms¯‹…wZ msev`

gvneye Dj Avjg †PŠayix Ñ cy¯—K mgv‡jvPbv Ge‡b †Mvjvg bex Ñ cy¯—K mgv‡jvPbv

17

mxgvš— c~e© evsjvi GKgvÎ cÖMwZkxj wkí I mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv

AwfgZ .... Ômxgvš—Õ KvM‡Ri 1g msL¨v cvV‡Ki nv‡Z †cuŠQevi c~‡e©B †`Levi †mŠfvM¨ n‡jv| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk AvR Ô†evevÕ| G KvMR hw` Zv‡ì cÖv‡Yi K_v e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡eB G KvMR cÖKvk mv_©K n‡e|

ÑWv. cÖdzj−P›`ª †Nvl (cÖavbgš¿x : cwðg evsjv)29-10-1947 ....mxgvš—eZx© PÆMÖvg mvwn‡Z¨ Avevi b~Zb c_ m„wó Ki‡e G fimv Avgiv Ki‡Z cvwi| evsjv mvwn‡Zï Kvievi GL‡bv ga¨weË mgvR‡K wb‡q| RbMYgb‡K mvwn‡Z¨ cÖwZdwjZ Kiv ZviB R‡b¨ c_ iPbv Ki“K mxgv‡š—i AMÖcw_Kiv|

Ñgyn¤§` nexeyj−vn evnvi (gš¿x : c~e© cvwK¯—vb) 8-10-1948 ....AZ¨š— Avb‡›ì welq wn›`y-gymjgvb †jLKMY mg‡eZfv‡e GB cwÎKv‡hv‡M fvlvRbbxi †mev Kwi‡Z‡Qb| cÖexY I bexb †jLKMY Ômxgv‡š—Õ mw¤§wjZ nBqv‡Qb| Avwg Bnvi DË‡ivËi kªxe„w× I ’vwqZ¡ Kvgbv Kwi|

ÑW. gyn¤§` knx yj−vn, 12-1-1948 ....PÆMÖvg XvKvi Ici †U°v gvwij| mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡ki GB mvwnZ¨gkvj cÖPzi Av‡jv`vb Ki‡e Ges RvwZi mZ¨c‡_i wb‡`©k †`‡e|

ÑAa¨vcK gyn¤§` gbmyi DÏxb, 12-1-1948 ....PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ GB gvwmKcÎ A`~i fwel¨‡Z c~e©e‡½i mvwnZ¨ wk‡íi Rxeš— cÖZxK n‡q DV‡e|

ÑwKiYk¼i †mb¸ß (m¤úv`K : µvwš—) 27-11-1948 .....evsjvi weL¨vZ gymjgvb I wn›`y mvwnwZ¨Ke„‡›ì mim iPbv m¤¢v‡i mg„× msKjbx| mvwnZ¨‡¶‡Î Bnvi ïfvMgb Rqhy³ nDK BnvB Avgv‡ì Kvgbv|

ÑAvb›èvRvi, 4-1-1948 ....GB beRvZ cwÎKvwU‡Z cyivZb I bevMZ A‡b‡Ki mÜvb wgwjj|

ÑAvb›èvRvi, 4-1-1948 ....cÖeÜ, KweZv, Mí, m½xZ, iƒcvqb, cy¯—K cwiPq cÖf„wZ wefvMxq Av‡jvPbvq mg„×| Ômxgvš—Õ N‡i N‡i Av`„Z nB‡e Avkv Kwi|

18

cwiPq : gvwmK cwÎKv : 1357 kvi`xq msL¨v, †KvjKvZv mxgvš— `v½vwe‡ivax msL¨v m¤ú‡K© †Mvcvj nvj`v‡ii g~j¨vqY|

`v½vwe‡ivax mvwnwZ¨K‡ì AvnŸvb ÒnZ¨vi Aa¨vq †_‡g‡Q, wZbgvm a‡i Avgiv w`j −x-KivwPi Pzw³K…Z †mŠnv‡`©ï AvenvIqvq evm KiwQ| w`j−xi miKvwi wnmv‡e ï‡bwQ, †jv‡Ki Av¯’v wd‡i Avm‡Q| Ges wkqvj`n †÷k‡b †`LwQ †m Av¯’vi Ae¯’v| c~e© evsjvi my`~i PÆMÖvg †_‡K Ggwb mg‡q nv‡Z G‡m †cuŠQj Ômxgvš—Õ bv‡g gvwmKc‡Îi Ô`v½vwe‡ivax msL¨vÕ| c~e© evsjvq `v½vwe‡ivax gvbyl Av‡Qb Ges Zuviv Avcbv‡ì †mB gZvgZ †NvlYv Ki‡Z fxZ bb| GB msev` Avgiv cwðg evsjvi gvbyliv KqRb Rvwb? KqRb Zv wek¦vm Kwi? Zey †mB Aåvš— †NvlYv wb‡q G‡m‡Q Ômxgvš—Õ Avi †m GKvI bq| c~e© cvwK —v‡bi GKvwaK evsjv gvwmKc‡Î GB cÖgvY| cwðg evsjv †_‡K Ggwb Ô†Kv‡bv `v½vwe‡ivaxÕ msL¨vi Avk¦vm w`‡q †Kv‡bv mvgwqKx G mg‡q c~e© evsjvq wM‡q‡Q wKbv Rvwb bv| G cÖkœ Zzj‡ZI fq cvB| KviY Zr¶YvrB D‡V co‡e GB ZK© Ñ †Kvb evsjv KZUv `v½vgyLx| Zvici †K wXj Quyoj, cÖ_g K‡e; Avi Kviv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q †ewk, Kviv †mw`‡K KZUv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| Amn¨! N„Yvi m‡½ G ZK© eR©b Ki‡Z PvB| Z_vwc wRÁvmv Ki‡Z nqÑ cwðg evsjvi ms¯‹wZ-†meK‡ì c¶ †_‡K m¤cÖwZ GB 1950-Gi `yw`©‡b Giƒc †Kv‡bv cÖ‡Póv n‡q‡Q wKbv| KviY, GL‡bv evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi Zx_©‡¶Î cwðg evsjv| Avi †m ms¯‹…wZi cÖvY‡K›`ª KjKvZv| wKš‘ Giƒc my¯úó †Kv‡bv cÖqvm KjKvZvi ms¯‹…wZi †meK‡ì c¶ †_‡K ms¯‹…wZi GB `y‡h©v‡M n‡q‡Q e‡j Avgvi g‡b co‡Q bv| `yÕGKwU wgjb P‡µi †Póvi K_v Rvwb, ZvI mv_©K AvKvi jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P GK_v mZ¨ †h, wK c~e© evsjv, wK cwðg evsjvq †Kv‡bvLv‡bB y®‹„ZKvix ev `v½vRxex‡ì msL¨v eo †Rvi `yÕGK j‡¶i †ewk bq| mvaviY my ’, kvwš—Kvgx‡ì msL¨v j¶ j¶, Avm‡j ZuvivB kZKiv 90 Rb| wKš‘ Zuviv mwµq bb, msMwVZ n‡Z Rv‡bb bv eis bvbvwea AKj¨vYKi cÖPv‡i Zuv‡ì †mB ïfeyw×I GK GKevi Av”Qbœ nq| Avi mvaviY mg‡qI msMV‡b”Qv Zuv‡ì Aembœ n‡q _v‡K| Zuv‡ì Aemv` I wbw®ŒqZvi GB my‡hvM wb‡qB `v½vRxexiv mgv‡R †eu‡P _v‡K Ges mvgwqKfv‡e `j e„w×I K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| GB mZÏ eyw×Rxex ev ms¯‹…wZevb‡ì ARvbv †bB| 1946 †_‡K 1949 mvj ch©š— evOvwji GB eyw×Rxex-mgvR Z_vwc wb‡R‡ì KZ©e¨ cvj‡b G‡Kev‡i Ak³ nbwb| `yB evsjvi we‡f` Zuviv †iva Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ `yB evsjvi we‡iva eÜ ivL‡Z Zuviv me©`vB m‡Pó wQ‡jb| wKš‘ 1949-Gi †k‡l Gevi evOvwj ms¯‹…wZevb‡ì c‡¶ Avi †mB †MŠiegq HwZn¨ i¶v KivI m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| Ggwb mg‡q c~e© evsjvi c~e© mxgvš— †_‡K Ômxgvš—Õ c‡Îi Avnevb Avgiv ïb‡Z †cjvg Ñ Ômxgv‡š—Õi mnKvix mKj eÜz‡ì Avgiv Awfb›`b Rvbvw”Q| m~h© c~e© w`‡KB I‡V| AÜKv‡ii g‡aÏ GB Av‡jvK”QUv †mLv‡bB AvR evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ-ˆmwb‡Kiv †`L‡Z †cj|

†evanq K_vUv ejv cÖ‡qvRbÑ Ômxgvš—Õ mvgëv`x‡ì cÎ bq| Ômxgv‡š—Õ cÖavb Av‡e`b Kwe, wkí I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wbKU, Zvi cÖavb `vwe gbyl¨‡Z¡i bv‡g, Ôee©iZv †h Kvi‡YB NUyK bv †Kb, Zv ee©iZvB Ges ee©eZvi RqRqKv‡i †Kv‡bv gbyl¨Z¡Kvgx gvbyl Lywk n‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ ZvB Aa¨vcK †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †PŠayixi we‡kl `vwe cwðge‡½i Kwe, wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì wbKU| ivRbxwZ I a‡g©i cÖwZ Zuvi Mfxi Awek¦vm; wZwb Avnevb K‡i‡Qb, ÔG e¨vcv‡i m‡Z¨b gRyg`vi, Abœ vk¼i ivq, my‡kvfb miKvi, myaxb `Ë, hvwgbx ivq, weòz †`, †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎ, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq cÖf„wZ Kwe, wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì Kv‡Q|Õ Avi GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb Pvb wkíx I mvwnwZ¨K‡ì yB e‡½ wgwjZ cwiågY eë¯’v| mymsevÌ wZwb Rvwb‡q‡QbÑ PvUMuv kn‡i Zi“Y wkíx I mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv wg‡j †mLv‡b GKwU `v½v-we‡ivax cÖwZôvb Ges kvwš—‡dŠRI M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| cwðg evsjvi wkíx I

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mvwnwZ¨KMY nq‡Zv Zv †kv‡bb bvB| ZvB Avgiv we‡kl K‡i cwðg evsjvi wkw¶Z‡ì `„wó GB D`vicÖvY ev½vwj eÜzi cÖeÜwUi w`‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z PvB| cwðg evsjvi wkíxiv c~e© evsjvi GB ms¯‹…wZ-mnagx©i nv‡Z nvZ wgjvb|

Aek¨ Ômxgv‡š—Õi G msL¨vi mvwnwZ¨K g~jÏ Kg bqÑ K…lY P‡›ì Ô`yB Ag„ZmiÕ (D`y© †_‡K Ab~w`Z) gg©vwš—K Mí| K‡qKwU KweZv we‡kl K‡i Rbve gvneye Djg Avjg †PŠayixi Ô¯§„wZ †bB, nvwmbv †bB t KvKvevey †bBÕ ì‡ì †Rv‡i Aš—i ¯úk© K‡i| cÖeÜ KqwU‡Z Ômxgv‡š—Õi D‡Ïk¨ ¯úó|Ó

wKš‘ GB D‡Ïkï ¯úóZvB h‡_ó bq, Ômxgv‡š—Õi eÜz‡ì AvR GK_v Avgiv mnKg©xi mg¯— kª×v wb‡q Rvbv‡Z PvB| 1946 †_‡K AvR wZb ermi Avgiv evsjvq ms¯‹…wZev`xiv ïay GB D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L evi evi `v½vevR I `v½v-cÖ‡ivPK‡ì wei“‡× mg‡eZ n‡Z wM‡qwQ| ¯^v_©KZv Avgiv G‡Kev‡iB jvf Kwiwb Zv bq, wKš‘ D‡Ïk¨ †h Avgv‡ì wm× nqwb ZvI gvb‡ZB n‡e| Ô`yB ivóªÕ GK †`k, GK A_©bxwZ, GK ms¯‹…wZÕ Ggwb GKUv wPš—v‡K Avkªq K‡i Avgiv Ôc‡biB AvM‡÷Õi we‡f`‡K †g‡b wb‡ZI †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ GKUz c‡iB †`Ljvg ivRbxwZi LoM Zv‡Z gv_vi Dci DuwP‡q DVj| hviv evOjv‡K wØLÛ K‡i‡Q Zviv evOvwj RvwZ‡K HKë× I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K ALÛ _vK‡Z †`‡e bvÑ GK_v µgkB my¯úó n‡jv| †evSv †Mj, ivR‰bwZK †f`‡iLv A‡gvN Kievi D‡Ïk¨B A_©‰bwZK we‡fÌ cÖewZ©Z Kiv n‡e, Avi µ‡gB evOvwj HwZn¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK HKÏ wecbœ n‡e| AvR `yB erm‡i cwi®‹vi n‡q wM‡q‡Q ÔAvM‡÷i Awfkv‡ciÕ A_© wKÑ gvD›Ue¨vUb-bxwZ‡Z ¯^vaxbZv Av‡mwb, G‡m‡Q we‡f`| Avi hviv gvDÛe¨vUb-bxwZ‡Z ÔbKj ev`kvnxÕ †fvM Ki‡Q Zviv GB mvgªvRëv`x-†f`‡K `yiwZµg Ki‡e| A_©vr Zv‡ì wbKU evOvwji RvZxq H‡Kï, RvZxq A_©bxwZi, RvZxq HwZ‡nï, RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| mvgªvRëv‡ì GB PvjUvB AvR GB `v½vi Ae¯’v wRB‡q †i‡L fviZ I cvwK¯—vb `yB Rbv‡KB ci¯ú‡ii kÎ“ I Bs‡iR-gvwK©‡bi K…cvcÖv_©x K‡i ivLv; cyiv`¯‘i hy× bv evwa‡q eis fvexhy‡×i mvgªvRëv`x NuvwU iƒ‡c `yB ivóª‡KB gy‡Vvi g‡a¨ ivLv| e¨vnZ ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ZvB Avevi Avi¤¢ bv Ki‡j GB Pµv‡š— I Awfkv‡cB Avgiv Drm‡bœ hv‡ev| Avi Zv m¤¢e Ki‡Z n‡j mvgwqKfv‡e †hgb yB evOjvi kvwš— cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb cÖ‡qvRb †mB kvwš—i ˆmwbK wn‡m‡e MYZvwš¿K msMVb| †bni“-wjqvKZ Pzw³‡Z bq, GKgvÎ yB evOjvi gRyi-K…lK-eyw×Rxex-ga¨weË mKj †kªYxi MYZš¿Kvgx mvgªvRëv`-we‡ivax kw³i HKë× msMÖv‡gB `yÕevsjvi gvBbwiwU ev msL¨vjNyiv euvP‡Z cv‡i, mviv evOvwj RvwZi GB kvcgyw³ m¤¢e|

Ñ†Mvcvj nvj`vi

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w. bmivbj lvb - mahbub ul alam...

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