VUS 6VUS 6 1800-1850 1800-1850’’ss

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY SET UP THE CABINET HAMILTON set up THE BANK OF THE

U.S. “FAREWELL ADDRESS” WARNED

AGAINST POLITICAL PARTIES AND FOREIGN ENTANGLEMENTS (OTHER THAN TRADING)

JOHN ADAMS PRESIDENCY ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS –

VIOLATED 1ST AMENDMENT

*Punished people for speaking or writing negative things about gov’t.

ALMOST WAR WITH FRANCE

2 PARTIES WOULD EMERGE

First called FACTIONS FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS

Leaders-Leaders-John Adams (2John Adams (2ndnd President) President) and Alexander Hamilton and Alexander Hamilton

Believed in a Believed in a STRONGSTRONG national national government and commercial government and commercial economyeconomy

Bankers and businessmen in the Bankers and businessmen in the North –North –Richer folksRicher folks

Supported Supported BritainBritain

****DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSDEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

Leaders-Leaders-Thomas Jefferson (3Thomas Jefferson (3rd rd Pres), Pres), James Madison (4James Madison (4th th Pres) Pres)

Believed in a Believed in a WEAKWEAK national national government and an agricultural government and an agricultural economyeconomy

Farmers, artisans, frontier settlers in Farmers, artisans, frontier settlers in the Souththe South

Supported Supported FranceFrance

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY emerged because

They opposed the Bank of the US Opposed the JAY TREATY-which

*forced British to leave posts in the NW territory but allowed them to continue fur trade

*did nothing about British sailors impressing (KIDNAPPING) American sailors.

Undeclared war on France.

BRITISH CANADA

JAY TREATY PROBLEMS

JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

Historic Election of 1800Historic Election of 1800

Won by Won by Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson First American presidential First American presidential

election in which election in which power power was peacefully transferred was peacefully transferred from one party to anotherfrom one party to another..

LOUISIANA PURCHASELOUISIANA PURCHASE

1803: Thomas Jefferson 1803: Thomas Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3 purchased for $15 million-3 cents an acre from France cents an acre from France (Napoleon)(Napoleon)

Doubled the size of the Doubled the size of the United StatesUnited States

Louisiana Purchase-Louisiana Purchase-TJTJ’’s greatest achievements greatest achievement

Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-18061804-1806

Explored west of Explored west of the Mississippi the Mississippi River to Pacific River to Pacific OceanOcean

Sacagawea,Sacagawea, an an Indian woman, Indian woman, served as their served as their guide and translatorguide and translator

Started in St. Louis, Started in St. Louis, Missouri ended in Missouri ended in Oregon. Oregon.

MADISON’S PRESIDENCY

****War of 1812(Madison-War of 1812(Madison-President)-President)-US v. BRITAINUS v. BRITAINREASONS:REASONS: British Interference with trade British Interference with trade

routes and westward expansion routes and westward expansion past App Mts.past App Mts.

Impressment policyImpressment policy**Federalists opposed war**Federalists opposed war-talked -talked

of secessionof secession

****War of 1812- RESULTSWar of 1812- RESULTS

U.S. WON-Treaty of GhentU.S. WON-Treaty of Ghent Led to an American claim of Led to an American claim of

the the Oregon Territory with Oregon Territory with Britain Britain

Increased migration into Increased migration into Florida Florida which was later acquired in a treaty with Spain

*Unified country-could *Unified country-could focus on economic growthfocus on economic growth

USS USS Wasp Wasp attacking HMS attacking HMS ReindeerReindeer

JAMES MONROE

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

Monroe Doctrine (1823)-Monroe Doctrine (1823)-U.S. FOREIGN POLICY-U.S. FOREIGN POLICY-ISOLATIONISM ISOLATIONISM

No further colonization by European No further colonization by European powers on the American continentspowers on the American continents

Western Hemisphere countries were Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies.republics not monarchies.

Any violation would be seen as a threat by Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States the United States

United States would not interfere in United States would not interfere in European affairsEuropean affairs

JACKSONIAN ERA-AGE OF THE COMMON MAN-1828-1837

ANDREW JACKSON-“the common man”

Jackson was born poor –not an Aristocrat (rich person)

Member of Democrat party Jackson rewarded campaign supporters

with public office(the spoils system)

THE AGE OF ANDREW THE AGE OF ANDREW JACKSONJACKSON

THE AGE OF THE”COMMON MAN”was characterized by the following:

Increased voter participation-poor white males could vote

Interest group politics-relating to common man

Changing style of campaigning-must appeal to common man

JACKSON ANDJACKSON ANDTHE NULLIFICATION CRISIS-1832THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS-1832

South Carolina argued that:South Carolina argued that: states could states could NULLIFY (VOID NULLIFY (VOID ))The Tariff of The Tariff of

1832(tax on imported goods)1832(tax on imported goods) and other acts of and other acts of Congress.Congress.

States could secede if told they could not keep States could secede if told they could not keep slaveryslavery

Jackson threatened to send in federal troops

JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES(BUS)

JACKSON VIEWED THE BANK as for THE RICH

VETOED THE RECHARTERING OF THE BANK IN 1832.

HIS OPPONENT HENRY CLAY SUPPORTED THE BANK.

JACKSON’S RE-ELECTION BROUGHT AN END TO THE BANK.

JACKSON AND THE PANIC OF 1837

1)JACKSON PUT Bank of the US MONEY IN STATE BANKS which FAILED

2)BANKS STOPPED ACCEPTING PAPER CURRENCY

3)LED TO THE PANIC OF 1837

PANIC OF 1837-RESULTS

COLLAPSE OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM BANK CLOSINGS BANKRUPTED HUNDREDS OF

BUSINESSES PUT 1/3 OF PEOPLE OUT OF WORK

Jackson Political CartoonsJackson Political Cartoons

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND WESTERN EXPANSION

THE COUNTRY GROWS

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney’’s s invention of the invention of the cotton gincotton gin led to the spread of the cotton kingdomcotton kingdom in the Deep South

Railroads and canals used to Railroads and canals used to ship goods to Eastern marketsship goods to Eastern markets

COTTON GINCOTTON GIN

American Expansion-American Expansion-Westward movementWestward movement

American settlers moved west American settlers moved west seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm

WESTERN MOVEMENT WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS-IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS-moved off landsmoved off lands

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT-1830-INDIAN REMOVAL ACT-1830-A.JACKSONA.JACKSON--They were forced to They were forced to march far away from their march far away from their homes and be confined to homes and be confined to reservations. reservations.

Example- The Trail Of Tears- Example- The Trail Of Tears- trail of the CHEROKEE only.

TRAIL OF TEARS

MIGRATION INTO TEXASMIGRATION INTO TEXAS

Americans migrated into Americans migrated into TexasTexas to form to form a new countrya new country

Mexico owned this land and fought the Mexico owned this land and fought the Texans in theTexans in the Battle of the Alamo-1836 Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of –Band of

Texans fought to the last man. Texans fought to the last man. Texans then defeated Mexican forces Texans then defeated Mexican forces

brought Texas into the United Statesbrought Texas into the United States

Mexican War-1846-1848Mexican War-1846-1848

American victory:American victory: led to us getting a huge territory led to us getting a huge territory

((Mexican CessionMexican Cession) that included the ) that included the present-day states of present-day states of California, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.Colorado and New Mexico.

GOLD RUSH BEGAN IN GOLD RUSH BEGAN IN CALIFORNIACALIFORNIA

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

1853-ALL OF THE 1853-ALL OF THE CONTINENTAL U.S. CONTINENTAL U.S. IS IS FORMED WITH FORMED WITH GADSDEN GADSDEN PURCHASE PURCHASE FROM FROM MEXICO.MEXICO.

MANIFEST DESTINY

NEW POLITICAL PARTIES

POLITICAL PARTIES FEDERALIST PARTY disappeared

and new parties formed: The Whigs-believed in a strong central

government and opposed Jackson. The Know Nothings-anti-immigrant

party

NORTH AND SOUTH

SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES-would lead to the Civil War

SECTIONAL TENSIONS-SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South INDUSTRIAL NORTHINDUSTRIAL NORTH

--favored high protective tariffs favored high protective tariffs to to protect Northern manufactured goods protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition.from foreign competition.

SECTIONAL TENSIONS-SECTIONAL TENSIONS-between North and Southbetween North and South AGRICULTURAL SOUTH

--opposed high tariffs opposed high tariffs because because that made the price of imports that made the price of imports from Europe more expensive.from Europe more expensive.

**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

WHEN STATES (OR WHEN STATES (OR PEOPLES) RULE PEOPLES) RULE THEMSELVES.THEMSELVES.

SECTIONAL TENSIONS-caused by westward expansion

As new states entered the Union, compromises were reached that maintained the balance of power in congress between “free” and “slave” states.

*HENRY CLAY –wrote most of them

SLAVERY COMPROMISESSLAVERY COMPROMISES

The Missouri Compromise 1820The Missouri Compromise 1820--drew an east-west line through the drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and prohibited above the line and allowed below,allowed below,except slavery was allowed in Missouri,north of the line

SLAVERY COMPROMISESSLAVERY COMPROMISES

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850-California enters -California enters as free state-while the new as free state-while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Southwestern Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty).own(popular sovereignty).

Added Fugitive Slave ActAdded Fugitive Slave Act Slavery was outlawed in Washington, Slavery was outlawed in Washington,

DCDC

SLAVERY COMPROMISESSLAVERY COMPROMISES Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854--repealed the repealed the

Missouri Compromise line, Missouri Compromise line, by giving Kansas by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (their states (popularpopular sovereigntysovereignty)). .

This law produced civil war in Kansas as pro- This law produced civil war in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other.and anti-slavery forces battled each other.

**John Brown (Harpers Ferry) involved in John Brown (Harpers Ferry) involved in aboveabove

Led to birth of Led to birth of Republican PartyRepublican Party which which opposed spread of slavery.opposed spread of slavery.

• SLAVERY ISSUES• DRED SCOTT• THE ABOLITION MOVEMENT• LINCOLN DOUGLAS DEBATES

US SUPREME COURTDRED SCOTT DECISION-

DRED SCOTT-SLAVE HAD LIVED IN A FREE TERRITORY THEREFORE THOUGHT HE SHOULD BE FREE

COURT RULED BLACKS WERE NOT CITIZENS THEREFORE COULD NOT BE FREE.

SLAVE REVOLTSSLAVE REVOLTS

Led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Nat Turner and Gabriel ProsserProsser

SouthernersSoutherners’’ feared more slave feared more slave rebellions rebellions

led to harsher laws against slaves led to harsher laws against slaves Southerners who were abolitionists Southerners who were abolitionists

were silent.were silent.

**ABOLITIONIST A person against slavery Most lived in the North Many were Quakers Many were women Upset by Fugitive Slave Act

Uncle Toms’ Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe told harsh lives of slaves Did more for the Abolitionist Movement

than anything else

THE LIBERATOR-THE LIBERATOR-WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISONWILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

Garrison viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles

Said let slaves go immediately

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISONWILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

HARRIET TUBMAN-UNDERGROUND RR

Frederick Douglass Former Slave Abolitionist The North Star-

newspaper

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE “UNCLE TOM’S

CABIN”

LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS DEBATES LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) RAN

AGAINST STEPHEN DOUGLAS(DEMOCRAT) FOR SENATE AND DEBATED OVER SLAVERY.

LINCOLN OPPOSED SLAVERY SPREADING INTO NEW STATES

DOUGLAS BELIEVED IN POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

LINCOLN’S QUOTE “A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF

CANNOT STAND”

WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT

THE WOMENTHE WOMEN’’S SUFFRAGE S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENTMOVEMENT The movement to give equal rights to The movement to give equal rights to

women.women. Started before Civil WarStarted before Civil War Leaders-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Leaders-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B.

Anthony, and Lucretia Mott.Anthony, and Lucretia Mott. Wrote the Wrote the Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration in 1848- in 1848-

modeled after DOI listing the rights denied modeled after DOI listing the rights denied women. women.

Presented at the Presented at the Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady StantonStanton

LUCRETIA MOTT