vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
TRANSCRIPT
GEO INITIATIVES
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyCEO, GEO
http://e-geo.org
“Workshop on Climate Change to Civil Society Organisations in Andhra Pradesh.”Venue: St. Ann’s Generalate, Tarnaka, SecunderabadNovember 18-19, 2010.POVERTY LEARNING FOUNDATION [plf]
VulnerabilityVulnerability to climate change is the risk of adverse
things happening
Vulnerability is a function of three factors:
Exposure
Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity
Adaptation“adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm of exploits beneficial opportunities”
(Third Assessment Report, Working Group II)
Includes “actual” (realized) or “expected” (future) changes in climate
Adaptation (continued)
Two types of adaptation
Autonomous adaptation or reactive adaptation tends to be what people and systems do as impacts of climate change become apparent
Anticipatory or proactive adaptation are measures taken to reduce potential risks of future climate change
Understanding the Stakeholder Linkages and Decision Process
Small Farmers (80%)
Regional Policy Makers
V&A Assessment
Central Policy Maker
(Ministry of agriculture)
Technical Policy Makers
National commissions
Extension service
De
cisi
on
s
Project
Extension Service
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA - CAUSE AND USEClimate change / variability
Groundwater use Contribution of salts-Use of complex fertilizers-Surfacing of natural salts from deep inside the ground through groundwater
Decrease in rainfallHigh temperatures
Increase in intensity of cultivation
+
ALKALINE SOILS
SEMI-ARID ENVRIONMENT
Poor germination, Non-availability of soil mineralsDecrease in yield
Fallow lands
Suitable for growth of Prosopis Juliflora
-Energy Needs-Charcoal Making- Wood for agricultural implements / funiture-Pods / leaves as livestock feed
BIOCHAR PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE – FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Formation of Biochar producers cooperative societies
To form a network of Biochar producers
To adopt the improved Biochar production technologies
To add value to the Biochar, Biochar compost and Biochar fertilizers, etc.
To market the Biochar themselves as cooperatives
To liaison with the relevant departments for marketing the produce
To facilitate the commons for Biochar production like, place, water, shelter, power, etc.
To plant more trees for availability for Biochar production
To insure all the Biochar producers, who are members of the cooperative society
BIOCHAR SOURCESCharcoal and ash from crop residue burnt in the fields
(traditional practice)
Charcoal produced from Prosopis
Juliflora
Charcoal from cook stoves
Rice husk charcoal –a by-product from
cook stoves / parboiled rice mills
BIOCHAR MULCHING1. Retention of the soil moisture, reduction of evaporation of water from the soil
2. Reduction in leaching of the bio / chem fertilizers applied
3. Increase in the soil microbes / worms at the biochar and soil interface
4. Regulation of the soil temperture
5. Suppression of weeds by blocking the sunlight the weeds sprouting and growth is suppressed.
6. Repulsion of the termites / ants which might attack the live plants
7. Over a period of time due to various activities the biochar mixes with the soil.
8. Prevents soil erosion too.
9. Can increase the ph of the soil towards neutral (mulch very good for acidic soils)
BIOCHAR PREPARATIONS & APPLICATIONBiochar compost Application
• Point - eg. Horticulture
• Spread - eg. Paddy
Biochar compost preparation practice
• Biochar + compost + green mulch + soil microbes + (pottery shards / fish bones / brick pieces / urine / jaggery / etc.)
• Addition of biochar to Farm Yard Manure pits in small quantities every day from traditional stoves - a traditional practice most common in India. The composition is (Cattle dung, cattle urine, straw, biochar, ash, pottery shards, pottery tile pieces, etc.)
Biochar only application
• Point - Biochar mulching - eg. Horticulture
• Spread - Biochar broadcasting - eg. paddy
Biochar Prepartion methods - Many.
ENVIRONMENTAL
CARBON SEQUESTRA
TION
REDUCED GREEN HOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS
SECURING FROM
CLIMATE VARIABILITY
ONE OF THE GLOBAL
WARMING AND CLIMATE
CHANGE MITIGATION SOLUTIONS
LIVELIHOODS
INCREASED CROP YIELD
INCREASED INCOME
RECLAMATION OF DEGRADED
SOILS
BIOLOGICAL
- INCREASED SOIL
MOCROBES AND
FUNGI. REPULSION OF
ANTS AND TERMITES,
PHYSICAL
- SOIL MOISTURE
RETENTION, SOIL TEXTURE,
AND TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AREA
CHEMICAL
RETENTION AND ACCESS OF
NITROGEN, PHOSPHOROUS, ADSORBTION
OF HAZARDOUS PESTICIDES
BIOCHAR
CHARCOAL PLUS
AMENDMENTS TO SOIL
BIOCHAR FRAMEWORK
GSBC PROJECT INTEGRATED APPROACH
GOOD STOVES AND BIOCHAR COMMUNITIES PROJECT
GSBC PROJECT, being implemented in parts of Andhra Pradesh State is an integrated project.
This project started in May 2009, Geoecology Energy Organisation is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of the project. The “Alternative Carbone Project” portfolio of Action Carbone has promoted this project to be implemented in the rural areas of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
http://goodplanet.org
http://www.biocharindia.com | http://www.e-geo.org
http://www.goodstove.com
Group: http://groups.google.com/group/biocharindia
BIOCHAR FIELDS – GSBC PROJECT
• 16 FARMERS
• KHARIF AND RABI2009
• 25 FARMERS
• KHARIF2010
7.5 TONNES OF BIOCHAR FACILITATED..
BIOCHAR LINKS
Terra Preta Info - Indian conextBiochar ExperimentsBiochar - Alkaline soilsBiochar - Alkaline soils reportCharcoal productionBiocharculture
Biochar ProductionMagh Biochar RetortGEO mini metal kilnARTI - Charcoal
Biochar PlantsProsopis JulifloraProsopis Juliflora report
StovesMagh series tlud woodgas or microgasifier stovesAnila
Biochar UrineBiochar Urinals
Biochar Soil lifeTermitesEarthworms
Pottery ShardsIn soils
CleaningBiochar for Cleaning
Green BuildingsBiochar Bricks
Rural TrashBiochar plus
GSBC PROJECT ON CNN