ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

Aya's Prop/Int to Ling (2)

Articulated by shaping the tongue in the mouth

Use differences in length combined with differences in quality to distinguish the vowels

Have difficulties to tell where the tongue is when they are produced

all voiced Produced with open approximation Have two kinds; Monophthong &

Diphthong(Monophthong means single vowel and during the production of the sound doesn’t involve tongue movement)

1. The position of the tongue that form the resonance chamber

Front Central Back

2. The height of the tongue

High Mid Low

3. The shape of the lips Rounded vowels Unrounded vowels

(spread or neutral)

4. The degree of closeness Close Half-close Half open open

5. The length of the pronunciation of the vowel by keeping the position of the speech organs. The length is also known as quantity Long Short

Aya's Prop/Int to Ling (2)

Vowel height is affected by both position and the mandible (open or close) and the vertical position of the tongue (low or high).

1. Open: open vowels use a depressed position of the mandible with a low position of the tongue.

2. Open-mid: open mid vowels use a particularly depressed position to the mandible with the tongue position being located half way between the palatal area and the floor of the mouth.

3. Close-mid: close-mid vowels use a closed mandibular position with a tongue position that is located half way between the palatal area and the floor of the mouth.

4. Close: close vowels use a closed mandibular position and a high tongue position.

1. Back : vowels are produced when the back portion of the tongue is moved up or done in velar area.

2. Central : the central vowel is produced when tongue is resting in a neutral position in the oral cavity.

3. Front : the front vowels are produced by the placement of the tongue tip in various position from the upper incisors to the lower incisors.

Lip rounding refers to the position of the lips during the production of the lips during the production of vowel.

1.Rounded: vowels produced in the rounded position require the lips to be open and protruded to some degree.

2.Unrounded : vowels produced in an unrounded position require the lips to be spread and the corners of the mouth retracted to varying degrees.

Tense vowels require tension in selected muscles for the production and are in long duration.

Lax vowels are produced when the muscles are in resting posture and are in short duration.

Vowels are plotted in a quadrilateral space. The use of quadrilateral format allows the notion of vowel space.

The vowel space is correlated to the position of the tongue, lips, mandible, oral cavity size and the acoustic aspects of the vowel production.

The vowel positions are not absolute. Vowels can also be described by the

amount of tension manifested by the muscle.

Vowel duration varies depending on the phonemes adjacent positions to the given vowel and dialectal variations.

Open and closed syllables are two common syllable type used in the English language.

An open syllable is a syllable that ends with a tense vowel or a diphthong. In a monosyllabic word, the basic phonological pattern for and open syllable is CV

A closed syllable is a syllable that ends with a consonant sound. In a monosyllabic word, the basic phonological patterns for a closed syllable is VC or CVC.

Tense vowel may appear in both open and closed syllable, whereas lax vowels can appear only in closed syllables. Both tense and lax can initiate a syllable.