vowel articulation kuiper and allan chapter 4.2.3
DESCRIPTION
Tongue position from close to the roof of the mouth (high) to as low as possible (low) retracted (back) not retracted (front)TRANSCRIPT
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Vowel articulation
Kuiper and Allan Chapter 4.2.3
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Vowels
no obstruction in the airway• All English vowels are voiced.• The shape of the oral tract is
modified by:– the position of the tongue– the shape of the lips.
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Tongue position
• from close to the roof of the mouth (high) to as low as possible (low)
• retracted (back)• not retracted (front)
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The Vowel Quadrilateral
front
central
back
high
mid
low
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Cardinal vowels
• arbitrary auditory reference points– invented by Daniel Jones
• 8 points on the vowel quadrilateral• can only be learned by listening to
them
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Cardinal vowels
[o] 7
4 [a] [A] 5
[ç] 6
2 [e]
3 [E]
1 [i] [u] 8
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IPA vowel chart
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Lip position
• rounded• unrounded
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Monophthongs and diphthongs
• Vowels can stay relative unchanged during their production, monophthongs.– a in car
• Vowels can alter during their production, diphthongs.– i in hi
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Long and short vowels
• Some vowels in English are inherently of a shorter duration.– i in kit
• Some are inherently longer.– ee in feet
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The real bagpipes
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The human bagpipes
nasal cavity
oral cavity
pharynx
vocal cords
oesophagus
trachea
lung