Volunteer Marine Rescue

TDM MF1007B 3

CrackedBone

ChippedBone

BrokenBone

Fractures and Dislocations

Fracture Dislocation

- Open -Bone protrudes through skin or wound leading to

site of the fracture.

- Closed -Bone remains within

the skin.

No wound leading to site of the fracture.

Fractures and Dislocations

Complicated -May involvebody organsand tissue.

• Signs– Swelling– Discolouration– Deformity– Shortening– Abnormal mobility

• Symptoms– Pain– Loss of power– Tenderness– Crepitus

Fractures and Dislocations

FracturesGeneral Management

• D.R.S.A.B.C.D• Control Bleeding• Rest and reassure• Handle gently• Support or immobilise

• Apply traction to an open fracture.• Give anything to eat or drink.• Force or straighten fractured joints.

Do Not

Unconscious Victim withObvious Limb Fractures

• Lateral (side) position

• Keeping an open airway takes precedence over all fractures including suspected spinal injuries

Fractures and Dislocations

Splints

Severe pain, unable to move and appears deformed

Prevent movement at the site.Place in a comfortable position.

Prevent Pain.Apply Ice.

Prevent Bleeding.Seek medical aid.

Do Not replace into position.

DislocationsSigns and Symptoms

General Management

• Compression

• Elevation

• Rest

• Ice

Then refer the patient to

medical help

- General Care

Sprains and Strains

Types of Skull Fracture

Head Injuries

A temporary impairment of brain

function, usually without

permanent damage to the brain

Concussion

- Brain Shaking -

Concussion

Signs & Symptoms

• Brief or extended periods of unconsciousness• Double vision• Confusion• Loss of short memory (what actually happened).• Headache• Nausea and vomiting• Numbness (tingling and weakness in arms and legs)• Lack of co-ordination (stumbling).

Cerebral Compression

This may be caused by trauma

to the head, or by a blood clot

formed within the skull

Cerebral compression is a condition

which occurs when pressure within the

brain increases

Cerebral Compression

Signs and Symptoms

• Diminishing conscious state.• Noisy or irregular breathing.• Slow but full and bounding pulse.• Weakness in one side of the body.• Unequal pupils.• Flushed face.• Fever.

Spinal InjuriesSymptoms and Signs

Severe back Pain.

Lower limb numbness.

Loss of power in limbs.

Loss of sensation.

Care for Head & Spinal Injuries

Spinal Injuries

Maintain an open airway.

Minimise movement of Head & Spine.

Monitor A.B.C.

Control any Bleeding.

Maintain Body Temperature.

If unconscious , carefully place in lateral position.

Types of Eye Injuries

Types of Eye Injuries

Foreign Bodies

Superficial

Wash thoroughly

(if unsuccessful, Pad both eyes.

Seek medical aid.

Embedded / Penetrating

Lie flat.

Pad both eyes.

Reassure the person.

Seek medical aid.