volunteer mappers: who are they and why do they map? nama budhathoki, phd candidate university of...
TRANSCRIPT
Volunteer mappers: Who are they and why do
they map?
Nama Budhathoki, PhD CandidateUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
U.S. Geological Survey Volunteered Geographic Information Workshop
January12-13, 2010
Traditional model of GI production and use
Budhathoki et. al (2008)
VGI and its implications
Budhathoki et. al (2008)
Hypothesis
•Laypeople, armatures (Goodchild 2007; Miller 2006)•Altruism (Goodchild 2007, Sui 2008)•Others………….
Empirical study
•What contributory behavior do volunteer mappers demonstrate?
•Who are those mappers?
•Why do they map?
Theoretical framework for VGI motivational study
• Unique ethos• Learning• Fun• Instrumentality• Recreation• Meeting self
need• Altruism
• Recognition• Career• Reciprocity• Community• Monetary• Socio-political• More………...
Clary et al. (1998), Clary and Synder (1999); Stebbins (1982), Gould et al. (2008); Wasko and Faraj (2005), Lee et al. (2008), Hertel et al. (2003), Shah (2006), Hippel and Krogh (2003), Nov (2007),
Source: www.openstreetmap.org http://downloads.cloudmade.com/ (Accessed on April, 2009)
Registered Users117,000
Mappers33452 (29%)
Non-mappers83548 (71%)
One-timers14834 (44%)
>100 nodes(46%)
>1000(21%)
Overall picture
>10000(5%)
>100000
(0.6%)
Continent level
Contributory behavior (Africa)
Contributory behavior (Asia)
Contributory behavior (Europe)
Contributory behavior (North America)
Contributory behavior (South America)
Who are the mappers: Gender
N=426
Age
Education
Occupation
Employment
Place used for contribution
Place In percent (%)
Home 96
Office 18
Mobile 13
Public libraries 0
Internet cafes 0.3
Others 0.6
GIS experience
……………commercial mapping products are constantly failing us up here in rural Quebec. On a number of occasions my husband and I have both wished that we could just upload our own GPS data to fix the existing maps.
It's all frustratingly out of date--showing non-existent logging roads as real streets, and not showing major interurban routes. I suspect that in many rural parts of Canada neither government nor industry has any motivation to verify old data.
Mapper A
Motivations
Being an author of books which are using maps, I am not able to pay royalty fees to map companies like google or teleatlas.
Mapper B
It's a lot of fun, and it's nice to see your work appear 1-2 hours after it's done available to the whole world :)
Mapper C
…………………..I love to see the area around where I live accurately mapped (and updated in a timely manner). I get enormous satisfaction out of this entire process as well as know that I'm contributing towards a valuable resource that others can use. I also enjoying exploring on my bike new areas that I'm mapping - I've discovered some cool suburban places that I never new existed - often within meters of roads that I drive down regularly.
Mapper D
I
Motivations
VGI Conceptual Framework
C
O
N
T
R
I
B
U
T
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Outcome Arena
Value
Quality
Credibility
Privacy
Copyright
Coverage
Sustainability
Social justice
Others...........
Others
Evaluative Criteria
Contributory Mechanism
Structure
Action
Norms/
Rules-in-use
Action & Interaction
ArenaMotivational Arena
Context of Participation Motivations
Personal
Social
Technological
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Budhathoki et. al (Under review)
Conclusions•Diverse motivations; Orthodox economics theories alone can not explain it
• Investigative, creative , expressive and social instincts
•Pleasure of creation• Implications for designing volunteered mapping programs
Acknowledgement
•OSM community and survey respondents, in particular
•Zorica Nedovic-Budic, Chip Bruce,
Muki Haklay, Lew Hopkins, and Caroline Haythornthwaite
