volcanoes 3 3
TRANSCRIPT
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Volcanoes affect Earth’s land, air and water
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GomaCongo, Africa2002
NyiragongonE-"ir-&-'go[ng]-(")gO
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The Damage:• Lava cut off routes into Goma, dividing the city in two.• 40% of the town was destroyed.• Tens of thousands of people left homeless.• Tremors kept shaking the area, collapsing remaining structures.
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Naples, ItalyPopulation: 1.7 million
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"Mount Vesuvius is currently the most threatening volcano in the world, because of the dense population living in the area.” - Prof. Franco Barberi, Rome University
Danger: Pyroclastic Flows
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Immediate Effects
• Lava flows• Ash• Mudflows• Pyroclastic flows• Landslides• Tsunamis• Steam Explosions
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Lava flows
• Most flows move very slowly.
• Will knock down, cover, or burn nearly everything in their path.
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Volcanic Ash• Heavy, made of
tiny pieces of volcanic rock.
• Causes roofs to collapse, makes roads slippery, clogs up machinery, suffocates plants and animals.
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Mudflows• Loose rocks and
soil mixed with ice and snow from the top of the volcano.
• Rivers of ash.• Fast moving
mudflows have buried entire towns long distances away.
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• Knocks down and burns everything in its path.
• Fast moving flows can sweep up and over hills then race back downhill.
• Saint Pierre, West Indies (1902): 30,000 people killed in minutes.
Pyroclastic flows
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Landslides• Caused when
part of a volcano collapses.
• Rapid downhill movement of rock and soil.
• Large landslides into the sea may cause tsunamis.
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Tsunamis
• Series of huge waves that are started by earthquakes and volcanoes.
• Can travel at speeds of 450mph and reach heights of 100 feet.
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Steam explosions
• Uncommon, but can be devastating.
• Happens when lava hits water.
• May be responsible for the entire island of Krakatau exploding in 1883, causing tsunamis that killed over 36,000.
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Long-term effects
• After eruptions volcanoes can remain dangerous for many years.
• Residual ash can combine with water to form mudflows in areas that receive heavy rains like the Philippines.
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How dangerous?Rank the following in the order of most to
least dangerous.______ Lava Flows______ Mudflows______ Volcanic Ash______ Pyroclastic flows______ Landslides______ Tsunamis______ Steam Explosions
Be ready to
defend
your choice
s!