PREHOSPITAL and

DISASTER MEDICINE

Volume 33, Number 6 December 2018

The Official Journal of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine

WADEM

V

OL

. 33

, NO

. 6

P

RE

HO

SP

ITA

L A

ND

DIS

AS

TE

R M

ED

ICIN

E

De

ce

mb

er 2

018

PAG

ES 565–677

MedicineBooks and Journals from Cambridge University PressThe Cambridge Medicine programme focuses its book publishing in a defined set of core clinical areas with our great strength in the clinical brain sciences. Other specialties of significant focus include reproductive medicine/obstetrics and gynaecology, anaesthesia and critical care, emergency medicine and pathology.

Our journals programme covers a broad spectrum of medical disciplines including emergency and disaster medicine, epidemiology and infectious diseases, biomedical science, genetics, nutrition, mental health and psychiatry, and neuroscience.

We partner with many learned societies including The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, and the Neuroscience Education Institute, and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

For further details visit:

cambridge.org/core-medicine

OC-new.indd 1 04-12-2018 10:39:19

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

For more information visit: www.cambridge.org

Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry2nd Edition

Editors: Robert J. Ursano, Uniformed Services University Carol S. Fullerton, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland Lars Weisaeth, Universitetet i Oslo Beverley Raphael, Australian National University, CanberraMay 2017 / Hardback / 9781107138490 / $105.00 / £84.99Covering both natural and man-made scenarios including war and terrorism, the Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry is a vital international reference for medical professionals, community leaders and disaster responders a decade after its initial publication. Spanning a decade of advances in disaster psychiatry, this new and updated second edition brings together the views of current international experts to offer a cutting-edge comprehensive review of the psychological, biological and social responses to disaster, in order to help prepare, react and aid effective recovery. Topics range from the epidemiology of disaster response, disaster ecology, the neurobiology of disaster exposure, to socio-cultural issues, early intervention and consultation-liaison care for injured victims. The role of non-governmental organizations, workplace policies and the implications for public health planning at both an individual and community level are also addressed.

• The comprehensive examination of disaster and its impact gives the book both clinical and public health relevance

• The text has been updated to cover a decade of advances, leading to more effective approaches to preparation, treatment, intervention and therefore recovery

• Concepts and approaches are applied to worldwide needs, resulting in a text relevant to real life practice

Observation MedicinePrinciples and Protocols

Sharon Mace, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OhioApril 2017 / 9781107022348 / Hardback / $105.00 / £64.99Using sample administrative and clinical protocols that any hospital can use, this book gives a detailed account of how to set up and run an observation unit and reviews all medical conditions in which observation medicine may be beneficial. In addition to clinical topics such as improving patient outcomes and avoiding readmissions, it also includes practical topics such as design, staffing, and daily operations; fiscal aspects, such as coding, billing, and reimbursement; regulatory concerns, such as aligning case management and utilization review with observation; nursing considerations; and more. The future of observation medicine, and how it can help solve the healthcare crisis from costs to access, is also discussed. Although based on US practices, this book is also applicable to an international audience, and contains instructions for implementing observation in any setting or locale and in any type of hospital or other appropriate facility.

• Contains clinical protocols for diseases/conditions that may be managed by observation medicine, which is an up-and-coming solution to the crisis of costs and access to emergency healthcare

• Contains administrative protocols and covers the financial and business aspects of running an observation unit

• Offers an international perspective, with practical methods for implementing observation medicine in any location and with any type of resources, staffing, and education

Textb2nd Edi

Editors: RCarol S. FLars WeisBeverleyMay 2017Covering bDisaster Psand disastdisaster psinternationand social range fromexposure, tiiviviviviv ctcctctctctimimmimimsss.s. T T T hhh

pupupupupupuubblblblblblicicicicic hea

• The co

Access leading journals in your subject

Explore today at cambridge.org/core

OC-new.indd 2 04-12-2018 10:39:29

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

Table of Contents

DECEMBER 2018voluME 33, nuMBER 6

guest editorialPrecision Health in Disaster Medicine and Global Public Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Ronak B. Patel, MD, MPH

origiNal researCH

global HealtHMental Health and Psychosocial Problems and Needs of Violence Survivors in the Colombian Pacific Coast: A Qualitative Study in Buenaventura and Quibdó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567Julián Santaella-Tenorio, MSc; Francisco J. Bonilla-Escobar, MSc; Luis Nieto-Gil, MSc; Andrés Fandiño-Losada, PhD; María I. Gutiérrez-Martínez, PhD; Judy Bass, PhD; Paul Bolton, MB BS

A Comparison Between Differently Skilled Prehospital Emergency Care Providers in Major-Incident Triage in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Annet Ngabirano Alenyo, MBChB (MUST), MSc Dis.Med (EMDM); Wayne P. Smith, BSc, MBChB, MSc Dis.Med (EMDM), FCEM (SA); Michael McCaul; Daniel J. Van Hoving, MBChB, DipPEC (SA), MMed (EmMed), MScMedSci (ClinEpi)

Disaster Risk Reduction in Schools: The Relationship of Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Preparedness from Elementary School Students in School-Based Disaster Preparedness in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581Sujarwo, Noorhamdani and Mukhamad Fathoni

Course in Prehospital Major Incidents Management for Health Care Providers in Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587Nidaa A. Bajow, MBBS, PhD, DM; Wajdan I. AlAssaf, MBBS, MScEMDM, SBEM; Ameera A. Cluntun, MBBS, SBEM

Screening China Emergency Medical Team (CEMT) Members: A Self-Leadership Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596Xinxin Hao, PhD; Xiaoxue Li, PhD; Jingchen Zheng, PhD

Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination on Prehospital Ambulances Before and After Disinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . 602Roohollah Farhadloo, MSc; Jalil Goodarzi Far, BSc; Mohammad Reza Azadeh, BSc; Saeed Shams, PhD; Mohammad Parvaresh-Masoud, PhD Student

Evaluation of Health Care Services Provided in Political Public Meetings in Turkey: A Forgotten Detail in Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607Mehmet Ali Ceyhan, MD; Gültekin Günhan Demir; Gamze Babur Güler

Health-Seeking Behavior of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Their Family Caregivers . . . . . . . . . . . . 614Kumboyono Kumboyono, MN; Jeki Refialdinata, MN; Titin A Wihastuti, PhD; Septi D Rachmawati, MNg; Aditya N Aziz, MN

Needs Assessment for Simulation Training for Prehospital Providers in Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Nicolaus W. Glomb, MD, MPH; Adeola A. Kosoko, MD; Cara B. Doughty, MD, MEd; Marideth C. Rus, MD, MEd; Manish I. Shah, MD, MS; Megan Cox, MD, MIPH; Cafen Galapi, RN; Presley S. Parkes, BS; Shelley Kumar, MS, MSc; Bushe Laba, EMT-P

Improvement of General Disaster Preparedness Belief Scale Based on Health Belief Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627Ebru Inal, Msc, PhD; Nuri Dogan, Msc, PhD

December 2018 Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

PR1-new.indd 1 10-12-2018 13:06:32

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

ii Table of Contents

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine vol. 33, no. 6

speCial reportChallenges to Prehospital Care in Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637Haley E. Bast, BS/EMT-P; J. Lee Jenkins, MD, MS, FACEP

brief reportsPreparing for a Foreign Animal Disease Outbreak Using a Novel Tabletop Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640Eric J. Linskens, BS; Abby E. Neu, MS;2 Emily J. Walz, DVM, MPH; Kaitlyn M. St. Charles, BS; Marie R. Culhane, DVM, PhD; Amos Ssematimba, PhD; Timothy J. Goldsmith, DVM, MPH; David A. Halvorson, DVM; Carol J. Cardona, DVM, PhD

Contents of a Bug-Out Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647Grigory Ostrovskiy, MD; Amos J Shemesh, MD

Incidence and Outcomes after Out-of-Hospital Medical Emergencies in Gambia: A Case for the Integration of Prehospital Care and Emergency Medical Services in Primary Health Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650Sunkaru Touray, MB, ChB, MSc; Baboucarr Sanyang, MBBS; Gregory Zandrow, BS, EMT-B; Isatou Touray, PhD

Case reportsAcute Inferior Myocardial Infarction Caused by Lightning Strike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658Fatih Aydin, MD; Ozge Turgay Yildirim, MD; Evrin Dagtekin, MD; Ayse Huseyinoglu Aydin, MD; Ercan Aksit, MD

Building Local Capacity in Hand-Rub Solution Production during the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak Disaster: The Case of Liberia and Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660Frederique A Jacquerioz Bausch, MD, MPH; Olivia Heller, MA;1 Loséni Bengaly, PhD; Béatrice Matthey-Khouity; Pascal Bonnabry, PhD; Yakaria Touré, MD; Garrison J Kervillain, RN; Elhadj Ibrahima Bah, MD; François Chappuis, MD, PhD; Olivier Hagon, MD

Field Expedient Vasopressors During Aeromedical Evacuation: A Case Series from the Puerto Rico Disaster Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668LT Jason M. Hardwick, DO; LT Sean D. Murnan, MD; LCDR Daphne P. Morrison-Ponce, MD; CDR John J. Devlin, MD

field reportEmergency with Resiliency Equals Efficiency – Challenges of an EMT-3 in Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673Avraham Yitzhak, MD, MHA; Ofer Merin, MD; Jonathan Halevy, MD; Bader Tarif, MD, MHAv

PR1-new.indd 2 10-12-2018 13:06:32

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine editorial board

editor-iN-CHieFSamuel J. Stratton, MD, MPHUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos Angeles, California, USA

eMeritUS editor-iN-CHieFMarvin L. Birnbaum, MD, PhDUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

MaNaGiNG editorEllen Johnson, MS

SeCtioN editorSEmergency Medical ServicesDarren Walter, FRCS(Ed)

FCEM, FIMCUniversity Hospital South

Manchester Manchester, UK

Humanitarian AffairsFrederick M. Burkle, MD,

MPH, DTMHarvard Humanitarian InitiativeHarvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Mass Gathering MedicinePaul Arbon, PhDSchool of Nursing and

MidwiferyFlinders UniversityAdelaide, South Australia

NursingElaine Daily, RN, BSN,

FCCM, FAHAMadison, Wisconsin, USA

OceaniaGraeme McCollChristchurch, New Zealand

PsychosocialGloria Leon, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, Minnesota, USA

aSSoCiate editorSDavid A. Bradt, MD, MPHRoyal Melbourne HospitalMelbourne, Australia

Wolfgang F. Dick, MD, PhDMainz, Germany

Kimball Maull, MD, FACSDepartment of SurgeryHamad General Hospital

Doha, Qatar

Steven Rottman, MDUniversity of California-Los

AngelesLos Angeles, California, USA

Geert Synaeve, MDBrussels, Belgium

editorial boardCarol Amaratunga, PhDSchool of Child and Youth

DevelopmentUniversity of Victoria ResearchAssociation of the Justice

Institute of British ColumbiaVictoria, British Columbia,

Canada

Frank Archer, MDDepartment of Community

Emergency Health & Paramedic Practice

Monash UniversityMelbourne, Australia

Jeffrey Arnold, MDDepartment of Emergency

MedicineSanta Clara Valley Medical CenterSan Jose, California, USA

Yaron Bar-Dayan, MD, MHAIsraeli Defense Forces Home

Front CommandOr-Yehuda, Israel

Sue Anne Bell, PhD, FNP-BCSchool of NursingUniversity of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Tareg Bey, MDSaudi Arabia

Joost Bierens, MD, PhDAmsterdam, The Netherlands

Richard A. Bissell, PhDCenter for Emergency Education

and Disaster ResearchUniversity of Maryland-BaltimoreBaltimore, Maryland, USA

Felipe Cruz-Vega, MDOffice of Social SecurityMexico City, Mexico

Robert A. DeLorenzo, MD, MSM, FACEP

Medical CorpsUnited States ArmySan Antonio, Texas, USA

Claude de Ville de Goyet, MDBrussels, Belgium

R. Paul Farrell, CD, MB, BCH, BAO, DA, LMCC

Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada

Judith Fisher, MDEdgbaston, Birmingham, UK

Erik S. GaullGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA

Michael GundersonAmerican Heart AssociationLakeland, Florida, USA

Pinchas Halpern, MDCritical Care and Emergency

MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel

Keith Holtermann, MDGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA

Mark Johnson, MPAJuneau, Alaska, USA

Mark Keim, MDCenters for Disease Control and

PreventionAtlanta, Georgia, USA

Todd J. LeDuc, EMT-PBroward Sheriff Fire RescueFt. Lauderdale, Florida, USA

Lidia Mayner, PhDSchool of Nursing and

MidwiferyFlinders UniversityAdelaide, South Australia

Andrew Milsten, MD, MS, FACEP

University of MassachusettsEmergency MedicineWorcester, Massachusetts, USA

Jerry OvertonIAED Emergency Clinical

Advice System & Standards Board

Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Paul Paris, MDCenter for Emergency MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Lynda Redwood-Campbell, MD, MPH

Department of Family MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton, Ontario, Canada

Edward Ricci, PhDBehavioral and Community

Health SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Leonid Roshal, MDInstitute of PediatricsAcademy of Medical SciencesMoscow, Russia

Don SchrammDisaster Management CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin, USA

Carl Schultz, MD, FACEPCenter for Disaster Medical

SciencesUniversity of California, IrvineIrvine, California, USA

James M. Shultz, PhDCenter for Disaster & Extreme

Event PreparednessUniversity of MiamiMiami, Florida, USA

Wayne Smith, BSC, MBChB, EMDM, FCEM(SA)

Division of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa

Caroline Spencer, BA, PhDAccident Research CentreMonash University Melbourne, Australia

Knut Ole Sundnes, MDBaerum HospitalSolo, Norway

Takashi Ukai, MDHyogo Emergency Medical CenterHyogo, Japan

Michael Van Rooyen, MDHarvard Humanitarian Initiative

and Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Richard Zoraster, MD, MPHKaneohe, Hawaii, USA

Prehospital and disaster Medicine Vol. 33, No. 6

PR4-new.indd 1 27-11-2018 15:38:25

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.

Information for Authors and Readers v

December 2018 Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Editorial OfficeWorld Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine,

3330 University Avenue, Suite 130, Madison, WI 53705 USA Telephone: (+1) (608) 819-6604; Facsimile (+1) (608) 819-6055;

E-mail: pdm@wadem.org

Editor-in-ChiefSamuel J. Stratton, MD, MPH

Managing EditorEllen Johnson, MS

Editorial AssistantSarah Karleskint

Publishing, Production, and Advertising OfficeCambridge University Press

One Liberty PlazaNew York, NY 10006 USAUSAdSales@cambridge.org

Copyright © 2018 by the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms, and contacts are available at: http://www.cambridge.org/rights/permissions/permission.htm.

Printed in United States of America on acid-free paper.

Postmaster: Send address changes in the USA and Canada to Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Subscription Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006, USA.

Periodical postage rate paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (Print ISSN 1049-023X; Electronic ISSN 1945-1938) is published bimonthly in the months of February, April, June, August, October, and December for the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine. PDM incorporates the Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine and the Journal of Prehospital Medicine.

Aims and Scope: The principal mission of Prehospital and Disaster Medicine is the distribution of information relevant to the practice of out-of-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical care, disaster medicine, emergency public health and safety, and disaster mental health and psychosocial support.

Submissions: All manuscripts must be submitted through the Journal’s online submission platform, ScholarOne Manuscripts, at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pdm. Please review the Author Instructions and Author Checklist available online before finalizing a submission. All studies that include human subjects must be submitted for review or exemption to a formal human subjects ethics committee.

2018 Subscription Information: Institutions print and electronic: US$764.00 in the USA, Canada, and Mexico; UK£466.00+VAT elsewhere. Institutions electronic only: US$563.00 in the USA, Canada, and Mexico; UK£345.00+VAT elsewhere. Individuals print and electronic: US$222.00 in the USA, Canada, and Mexico; UK£136.00+VAT elsewhere. Individuals electronic only: US$161.00 in the USA, Canada, and Mexico; UK£92.00+VAT elsewhere. Single Part: US$146.00 in the USA, Canada, and Mexico; UK£89.00+VAT elsewhere. Prices include postage and insurance. Airmail or registered mail is extra. Back volume prices are available upon request. Claims of non-receipt or damaged issues must be filed within three months of cover date.

Subscription Offices: (for USA, Canada, and Mexico) Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006, United States; (for UK and elsewhere) Cambridge University Press, University Printing House, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS, UK.

Indexing: PDM is covered by Clarivate Analytics services and indexed and abstracted in the Science Citation Index (also known as SciSearch®) and the Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition. PDM is comprehensively indexed by the US National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), Scopus®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and Health Star Cumulative Index. Abstracts and search capability available at https:// www.cambridge.org/core/journals/prehospital-and-disaster-medicine.

Statement of Peer Review Policy: PDM is a signatory with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE). All scientific papers published in PDM are submitted to subject content and methods experts for peer review. Authors and reviewers are blinded (not aware of the identity of each other). Peer reviewers must declare that there is not a conflict of interest with any manuscript they agree to review. Peer review is accomplished by means of a standard scoring system and specific comments, the results and contents of which are returned to authors for their review.

PR5-new.indd 1 27-11-2018 15:36:29

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18001127Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 65.21.228.167, on 08 Jan 2022 at 08:52:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.