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A brilliant introduction by Darlington explains the under-lying theories and correlates these studies with the classicalwork of Vavilov on plant origins based on genetic investiga-tions. The value of the book for reference is increased byabbreviated information on the uses of the plants listedand on their geographical distributions. Of more question.able value is the addition of popular names. Many widelyaccepted popular names are omitted, while others are includedfor which the justification is, to say the least, obscure. Thebook will, however, become a standard reference work for allplant-breeders and geneticists and for many horticulturists.

CONDENSED MILK FOR INFANT FEEDING

THE Ministry of Food inform us that the allowances offull-cream condensed milk for infant feeding, obtainable ona doctor’s certificate from food offices, without surrenderingpoints, are as follows (see THE LANCET, June 14, p. 853) :

Age of infant Sweetened Unsweetened(tins per month) (tins per nwnth)

Under 5 months.. Up to 10 Up to 185- 6 " .. 11 " 217- 9 " .. 12 ,; 23

10-12 " .. ,,13 " 24

The tins of sweetened milk contain 13/4 pints (14 oz.)" " " unsweetened 11 2 pints (16 oz.)

The infant should also be able to obtain sweetened orunsweetened condensed milk on his own points coupons.

UFAW SUMMER SCHOOL

IN nothing is a scientific mentality more patently neededthan in the ethics of man’s relations with animals. Atone extreme there is the callousness engendered by the ghostof Descartes’ theory of automatism, at the other the senti-mentality that puts feeling in the place of knowledge. TheUniversities Federation for Animal Welfare has tried to putthe whole subject on an objective basis. During the last weekin September (20-27) UFAW is holding a summer school forstudents of both sexes at the field study centre at FlatfordMill, in the Constable country. The programme will com-prise lectures and discussions, on the care of laboratoryanimals, whaling, methods of dealing with harmful animals,animal psychology, and various other topics ; there will bevisits to a bird sanctuary and other places of interest, socialevents, and free time for recreation (including bathing).It is hoped that a good number of medical students willattend. The inclusive fee is £2 12a. 6d., and details willbe supplied by the secretary, Dr. F. Jean Vinter, 284, Regent’sPark Road, Finchley, London, N.3.

VOICE-RECORDING IN SPEECH THERAPY

Northwood House Clinic, Leicester, is using gramophonerecords to detect progress in the treatment of defective speech.The patients’ efforts at reciting nursery rhymes and makinggeneral conversation are recorded from time to time, andthe recordings are played back after about three months tosee whether treatment has resulted in improvement. Theapparatus is supplied by Recorded Sound Ltd., of London.

MEDICINE IN THE THEATRE

IN his play " The Gleam," lately running in London andnow published in book form,l Mr. Warren Chetham Strodetakes three quite pleasant acts to tell us that doctors workbest when they have to be responsible to and for their patients.Here most of us will go all the way with him, but unfortunatelyhe tangles this honest principle with a number of less evidentpropositions. The play is really a protest against the NationalHealth Service, in which Mr. Strode sees a dangerous fetteringof the doctor’s liberty. Not content to let what facts thereare speak for themselves, he unworthily presents all the

opponents of his view who appear in the play either as mildknaves or honest fools. Moreover, he panders too freely topopular nonsense, with his talk of " surgeon’s hands," and ofthe one man capable of doing successful " trepanation " in agiven case. Without being particularly dramatic the playmoves well from point to point, and the characters hold theinterest. It is a pity, though, that he will not own what soclearly appears from the behaviour of his own chief character :that the Service makes the man only when the man is of poorquality. Where the men are good they make the Service, asthe Navy brilliantly testifies. If we doctors are all thatWarren Chetham Strode believes us to be, we have nothing tofear from the National Health Service.

1. London : Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Pp. 90. 6s.

CANADIAN RETIREMENTS

THE University of Toronto’s new age-limit of sixtyinstead of sixty-five for teachers in the faculty ofmedicine has led to several retirements in the four hospitalsassociated with the university. A complimentary dinnerwas given on June 11 by St. Michael’s Hospital to Dr. GordonS. Foulds, head of the department of genito-urinary surgery,who retires under this rule, to Dr. George Ewart Wilson,who leaves his post as surgeon-in-chief after a distinguishedservice of 20 years, and to Dr. N. D’Arcy Frawley, Dr. J. X.Robert, Dr. T. A. Robinson, and Dr. J. Harris McPhedran,former president of the Canadian Medical Association.On June 12, at a dinner given by his colleagues in his

honour, Prof. Duncan Graham, for 28 years Eaton professor ofmedicine, was presented with his portrait. Professor Grahamis an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, anda past president of the Royal College of Physicians andSurgeons of Canada and of the Canadian Medical Association.He is succeeded in his chair by Prof. R. Farquharsonwho is this year’s president of the Canadian college and alsochief consultant to the Royal Canadian Air Force.On June 19, colleagues and graduates of the Gallie course

in surgery gave a dinner to Prof. W. E. Gallie on his retirementfrom the professorship of surgery in the University of Toronto.Graduates’of this course are granted a master of surgery degreeby the university, and the surgeons-in-chief of six Torontohospitals and the professors of surgery in two CanadianUniversities are among its graduates. At the dinner ProfessorGallie was presented with his portrait and with 52 essayson surgical subjects written by his colleagues and students.The collection, which filled three large volumes of typewrittenmanuscript, will be printed this year.

University of OxfordIn a congregation held on June 26 the degree of D.M. was

conferred on J. M. Walker and G. S. Dawes.- - Wellcome Laboratory of Human Nutrition.—The trusteesof the will of the late Sir Henry Wellcome have offered theuniversity £25,000 to buy and equip this laboratory oncondition that the university provides £5000 annually forits upkeep during the next five years. The university hasaccepted the gift and is establishing the laboratory for thepromotion of " the scientific study of human nutrition andfor the collection and integration of existing knowledge."A reader in human nutrition with a stipend of E1100 a yearis to be appointed.

University of Liverpool ..At recent examinations the following were successful :

.

M.D.—T. C. Gray.M.Rad. (Part 1).-H. G. Frank, A. M. Fraser, J. R. Macheod,

D. E. Paterson, I. Pierce-WiIIiams, M. Robinson, H. L. Ross, G. D.Scarrow, W. I. Walker J. Winter.

:VLIi., Ch.B.-F. G. Anderson, 1. S. J. Crosbie, E. Dewsbury,Nancy V. Dilling, W. Ellenbogen, Sheila K. Frazer, G. T. T. Griffiths,Elizabeth Howorth, A. B. Jones, F. P., Lennon, G. L. Levy, G. H-Lucas, J. E. Riding, Audrey A. Shone, G. C. Slee, M. H. Turner,L. C. Wolfman.D.P.H. (Part -rl).-L. C. Allan, G. H. Ball, T. W. Brindle, A. M.

Brown, Mary P. Brownlie, W. F. Christian, D. J. Doherty,Catherine S. Ellams, D. J. Fraser, J. A. Gillet, Patricia F. M. B.Gould, M. D. Kipling, Ann Prysor-Jones. B. Pujari, K. V. Robinson,C. D. Rosenwald, K. C. Sahu, Irene W. Simpson, W. G. Taaffe,A. R. Unsworth, E. Walker, S. R. Warren, E. B. Weeks.

University of BirminghamDr. T. L. Hardy has been appointed to the chair of gastro-

enterology in the university. This is the first chair in this

specialty to be established in this country. Dr. J. F. Brails-ford has been appointed honorary director of radiologicalstudies in living anatomy.

Dr. Hardy was educated at Radley College and Selwyn College,Cambridge. A graduate in arts and medicine of the Universityof Cambridge, he took the Conjoint qualification from the MiddlesexHospital in 1912. After service with the R.A.M.C. in the first worldwar he settled in consultant practice in Birmingham and wasappointed to the staff of the Birmingham United Hospital. Hehas examined for the universities of Cambridge and Glasgow. In1944 he delivered the Croonian lectures on Order and Disorder in theLarge Intestine, to the Royal College of Physicians, to whose fellow-ship he had been elected in 1929. Dr. Hardy was one of the groupwho founded the British Society of Gastroenterologists in 1938and until lately he was its secretary. His published work includespapers on hyperchlorhydria and ulcerative colitis.

Dr. Brailsford, who took his M.B. at the University of Birminghamin 1923, at present holds the appointment of radiological demon-strator in living anatomy in the university. He is also consultingradiologist to the Birmingham Accident Hospital and City Hospitals,