Accent Reduction Training

IntroductionPre assessment of the participants Entry LevelPost Assessment & Feedback and Action planAnalyze the dataIce breaker

Expectations of the training program Purpose Classroom :Establish program objectives Consonant & Vowel Sounds Pronunciation Intonation Listening SkillsVoice and Accent - A Comprehensive Toolkit Pre assessment EvaluationReview Implementation

INTRODUCTION

The day the training begins is usually the 2nd day for them. They need to break out of their shell and start interacting with each other to help build rapport.How Purpose/ Why The ice breakers need to be used with the class per the instructions in the attachment.Process Template:Ice Breakers

Unit 1

SampleWhat Ice Breakers Voice and AccentSHARE A SECRET

This is a good ice breaker for Day 2 in a session where theparticipants hardly know each other.Would work very well with a NewHire group.INSTRUCTIONS:Pass around a plate full of peanuts or Candy mid way through the session and encourage them to pick up as many as they want.. Make sure you pick up a few as well. Ice breakers with instructions

ICE-BREAKERS

1. SHARE A SECRET

This is a good ice breaker for Day 2 in a session where theparticipants hardly know each other.Would work very well with a NewHire group.INSTRUCTIONS:Pass around a plate full of peanuts or Candy mid way through the session and encourage them to pick up as many as they want.. Make sure you pick up a few as well. Now ask them to count the number of peanuts they have. Each participant will have to tell the group as many secrets about them! They need not be very personal .. Just some stuff that you wouldnt speak to anyone about on your second day. The trainer can set an example by relating an interesting anecdote from their life, pranks you played as a child etc.. This helps in building rapport with the group where they now feel that everyone is at the same level and establishes a comfort level.

2.THE HA GAME

This can be used by Voice trainers while revising the Vowel Sounds..All you need to do is stand around in a circle.The trainer begins by jumping on one leg and saying HaThe second person has to say the same thing twice. By the time the last persons chance comes he/she will jump 10/11 times and say ha with every jump.Use another vowel sound and begin with the person who jumped the maximum the last time so that everyone gets a chance to jump so many times and say the sound as many times.

Crystal Ball Prediction

Supply the students with a list of topics to ask each other about. For example: name, pets, hobbies, favorite food Pair them up. One student is absolutely silent as the other asks them questions ("Do you have any pets?") and that same student predicts what the answer is by writing it down. After finishing asking all the questions the interviewers take turns standing up and introducing their partner with their predictions as they are corrected by their new friend (which is the first time they are allowed to share the truth). Now switch off the person being interviewed and the person predicting. Create unexpected topics and relax with this activities strange results.

True or False

This game is ideal to be used on the first day or even at a later time. Here are the instructions: Each person should write down 5 things about themselves that are true and 5 things that are false (in a random order). Each person around the room reads their list in no particular order and the classmates have to guess if it could be true or false. Some of the things people have written on their list in the past are: I like dogs, I took horse-riding for 10 years, I cannot swim, I have five children etc. It allows the members to get to know each other in a very non-confrontational way.

Meaningful Musical Chairs

A fun way for students to mingle and learn about each other the first day of class is to play this version of musical chairs. Arrange chairs in scattered pairs, semi-facing each other. Play some upbeat music. Instruct the students that they are to mingle around the room to the music. When the music stops they must find a chair. Beforehand a poster has been displayed listing by number 12 topics for introductory discussion ie. Home life, Jobs, Hobbies, Favorite person, Favorite food etc... Now, the teacher rolls the dice and whatever subject the number corresponds to dictates what topic each pair will discuss (they must introduce themselves to their partner before discussing ). When the music begins again they know to get up and mingle waiting for the music to stop and the next round of discussion with someone new to begin.

Nazo's World

This icebreaker is designed to get to know the teacher. 1- The teacher (T) draws a circle on the board and asks what it stands for. If students (ss) cannot guess, the T tells them that it is her/his world and writes MY WORLD on top of it. 2- Inside her/his world the t writes some keywords related to her/his world. E.g., 37 / 1987 / Lucky / Tom etc. 3- The ss sit in groups of 3/4 and make their guesses, like 'You graduated in 1987' If the guess is correct, the T puts a tick on the keyword.

What made you smile. ?

The objective of this activity is ...to wake the students up in the morning. Simply ask them: "What made you smile today?" And let them tell you about the things that made their day/morning. You can't believe where the conversation can take you... Good luck

three things in common

This activity is for the first day of class with students who don't know each other. It requires no preparation. The students must ask each other questions until they find three things that they have in common. They must be things that are not obvious. For example, they can't say we both have black hair. It is easy to model the activity interviewing a student until you find three things that they have in common with you. Maybe choose a student you already know for this so you don't have to spend too long. Students can repeat this several times and then report back their findings to partners or the class.

Talk to me... this way

This is a good activity to start the class. Before getting started, write sentences on a post-it paper, like: "Ask me questions", "Laugh at me" "Be angry at me" , Disagree with me,"Ignore me, etc. according to the number of students youve got.Stick the paper to the student's back, so he can't see what is written. They must stand up and go around the class and talk in pairs. They must act according to what's written on their partner's back.If it's Tell me lies, they are supposed to tell lies. The teacher can choose topics for them to talk like holidays, dates, pets, etc. They need to change partner's many times. At the end they are supposed to tell how people acted while talking to them to see if they can guess what 's written.

Show my name

This is a variation of the well known name-chain, where the first student says his/her name, the second student has to repeat the previous name and add his/hers and so on till the teacher repeats all the names. To make it more fun - it can be done with absolute beginners as well - the students not only say their names but have to add a movement. e.g.: My name is Tom. (he coughs a bit) His name is Tom (cough) and my name is Joe (claps his hands). His name is Tom (cough) your name is Joe (clap) and I'm Sue (she hits her face a bit).

Who wrote what?

1)Ensure every student has a blank sheet of paper. 2)Ask ONE getting to know you type question for every student in the class. Students write the answer to your question and pass their paper to the next student. By the time this stage is over, each student should have a sheet of paper with a series of different answers, all written by different students. 3)Take the papers in and distribute at random. The students now have to mix and mingle in order to find out who wrote each answer on thier sheet of paper, and write the name next to it. 4)For feedback, ask 'What do we know about Juan/Emma/Zdenek etc...

Going on a Picnic

The teacher introduces the game with the phrase, "Hello. My name's Dan and we're going on a picnic! I'm going to bring doughnuts!" First letter of your name matches the first letter of the item you are bringing on the picnic. The first student is coached to say, "Hello. My name is (K-----) and we're going on a picnic! Dan is bringing doughnuts and I'm going to bring (k------)!" The next student says, "Hello. My name is (Y-----) and we're going on a picnic! Dan is bringing doughnuts and K--- is bringing k--- and I'm going to bring (Y------)!" This continues around the room, names and items added, with the teacher repeating the whole list at the end, generally to an ovation as the students are happy you can remember their personal names and they are amazed that you can remember the whole class.

Change Identity Game

I haven't read all the activities on your list but an interesting one I have been using recently is the Change Identity game. The idea of the exercise is for the students to mingle and introduce themselves to each other. The moment they have finished introducing themselves they assume the identity of the previous person. That Keiko introduces herself to John. After that John is now Keiko and Keiko is now John. Now the new John and Keiko move on to other people. To add to this exercise you can add simple questions for them to ask. Stop the exercise after about ten minutes and call the roll. It is quite interesting some of the answers you get and some you don't get. Anyway it works for me.

I Hate Sex because.....

There's how the ice breaker works: Hand out a blank sheet of paper to each individual in the group. Ask everyone to think of their least favorite chore to do at home and write down why they hate it so much. Example: "I hate scrubbing the toilet because... blah blah blah." When finished, have everyone switch papers and have them read it out loud but substituting "I hate sex" instead of the particular chore that is written down. You get pretty interesting and hilarious results.

Everyone introduces him/herself as their favourite food.

Have everyone write on a piece of paper their answers to these questions: What is your favorite food, animal, TV show, hobby, and color? Sign your name. Don't let anyone else see the answers. The leader then reads the answers to the whole group, and members try to guess whom each set of answers belongs to. Award one point for each right guess. The person with the most points wins a prize.

BLINDED BY MONEY

Pair everyone up and form a big circle. Give each pair two coins. One person in each pair tilts his head back and places a coin on each eyelid with eyes closed (no peeping!). Put a big container in the centre (e.g. a garbage can). The object is for each person to dump their coins into the container, following the verbal direction of their partner. No physical guiding by the partner is allowed. If any coin dropped, the person should pick it up and start all over again. The fun comes when all the pairs go at once, crowding around the container, blinded by money, trying to hear their partner's direction.

CAN YOU FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS

A READ AND DO TESTS Time Limit: 3 min. 1. Read all that follows before doing anything. 2. Write your name in the upper right-hand corner of this page. 3. Circle the word "corner" in sentence two. 4. Draw five small squares in upper left hand corner of this page. 5. Put an "X" on each square. 6. Put a circle around each square. 7. Sign your name under line 5. 8. After your name, write "yes, yes, yes". 9. Put a circle around number 7. 10. Put an "X" in the lower-left-hand corner of this page. 11. Draw a triangle around the "X" you just made. 12. Call out your first name when you get to this point. 13. On the reverse side of this paper add 6950 and 9805. 14. Put a circle around your answer. 15. Now that you have finished reading carefully, do only number 1 and 2. PLEASE BE QUIET AND WATCH THE OTHERS FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS.

Cross The River

Equipment: Folded newspapers. Here is a blindfold game which is great fun. The demonstrator places a number of folded newspapers on the floor with spaces between. These represent rocks across a river and the guests have to try to cross without getting their feet wet. Each guest, one by one, in turn is started on their way with feet firmly on one "rock", carefully noting the position, and if they get their feet wet more than 2 time, they are disqualified. The position of the "rocks" may be changed from time to time. The guests who safely "cross the river" win prizes.

To discuss the objectives of the program and the game plan for the training sessions.To encourage the participants to participate and improve their speech pattern. To motivate to learnHow Purpose/ Why Checking their expectations. Capturing them on a Flip chart.Taking them through a Communication Dissection/BreakdownCommunication Tree

Linking the above to their Expectations.Desensitization: Identity Crisis.Structure of training: MID Path

Defining Accent and Global English. An overview of what we will cover in the training. Laying ground rules for the training.Assessing the recordings, Pre-Training.Process Template:

Objectives

Unit 1

What Introduction Voice and AccentIntroduction Our Training is based on the following structure:MOTIVATION You can lead a horse to water BUTSpeech patterns are old, old habits we have engraved in our biological and psychological systems. To change these patterns requires effort and dedication and skill. However the greatest factor influencing this change, is an inner motivation from the individual to really make it happen. Without this motivation, a trainer can give a million techniques, but they will not work. The individual is responsible for WANTING his/her speech to improve, only then will the attention and effort follow, leading to mastery of the skill.

Structure of training: MID Path

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

MODULE OBJECTIVES

The sole objective of this module is to make you an effective communicator. Customer service is no longer confined within the geographical boundaries of a country. Business today is very fast paced and in order to survive and excel in this cutthroat competition of the call center, it is of utmost importance to be articulate in diction, and, be globally understood in the English language.

Comprehensibility is thus the ultimate focus of this training. We aim to achieve this goal in a stipulated span of 40 hours.

WHY ME?

Your voice is the means by which you convey your inner self and your inner thoughts and feelings in an immediate way to other people the outside world. It is the outward expression of your inner self, a sort of channel from inside to outside, and is therefore a very particular expression of you and your personality.

You are now part of a world-class organization in the call center industry. You may wonder why you need this course. The reason is, that English is spoken differently in different countries. The English language, its structure and the accent or dialect changes from country to country. Hence, it is very critical to speak in a globally comprehensible English dialect. This global dialect will differ from the way English is spoken in your country.

THE MODULE STRUCTURE

The task you perform on the floor is a very complex and difficult one. Listening to a foreign accent, comprehending the clients problem and at the same time, shuttling between screens is, to say the least a very difficult task.

This can easily stress you and going further can affect your voice and dialect. Keeping this in mind, the exercises in this module have been given a logical flow. The idea is to instill the global English dialect as a part of your personality, so that even if you are stressed, you end up speaking English in a very clear and comprehensible dialect. The exercises are quite simple and very effective and follow a logical speech flow.

THE MODULE OVERVIEW:

RELAXATION

While taking calls on the floor you will find both your body and mind getting tired. In order to combat this fatigue, you will go through a 5-minute relaxation exercise, which focuses on rejuvenating both your mind and your body. A relaxed voice resides in a relaxed body. Stress and tension affect the muscles around our neck, causing our voice to break and lose its quality. Considering the fact that any language in its spoken form is carried forth by the voice, this is totally unacceptable to us. The thoughts need to be relaxed and only then can we convert them to a meaningful speech. Hence, the first step to effective communication starts with relaxing ourselves.

PRONUNCIATION

Pronunciation is governed by two main factors. These are syllable stress and the consonant and vowel sound articulation. Dialects not only differ from one country to another but also within a country, they differ from one region to another. The reason being that we tend to speak English with the sounds present in our regional languages. When we do this, an American or a British will find it difficult to comprehend what we say. The Indian language has very strong consonant sounds as compared to the English language. Furthermore syllable stress is a key factor in English, whereas it does not hold enough significance in any of the Indian languages. Hindi has a 4 beat rhythm as compared to a 10 beat rhythm of the English language. Hence intonation or speech music of each language differs from one another and must not spill over onto a different language. All these factors lead to us speaking a dialect, which could sound totally alien to a foreign speaker of the English language.

COMPREHEND THROUGH ACTIVE LISTENING

The ability to listen differs from one human to another. This ability though, can be improved. To listen in to foreign accents and dialects is a very complex and tedious task. The listening exercises in this module help you to develop the essential listening abilities and at the same time attune you to easily comprehend the customers problem in spite of his accent. This module also helps you to paraphrase the customers problems by honing your listening and comprehension skills.

FLUENCY

The ability to convert the mental intention into the physical action of making speech and ensuring that the words come out sharp and crisp at a steady rate of speech is what can be defined as being fluent.

Humans think in thought groups and these thoughts are converted into language. This is a very complex task and the fluency exercises in this module help in crafting out this very important and crucial aspect of communication.

PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK

Throughout the training process, the Trainer will give you constant feedback on your speech, pronunciation, grammar and performance. By paying close attention to your feedback and practicing the correction mechanisms given to you, you will improve your spoken language ability and will be well prepared to handle all situations on the floor.

For certification to take calls on the floor, you will need to take a test to demonstrate that your ability to communicate with customers has improved. Be sure to spend extra time on your weakest areas to ensure full success.

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Effective Communication

Effective Speaking

Effective Listening

Effective Sentences

Effective array of words

Effective Consonants

Effective Vowels

Fluency and Breath Control

Effective Syllables

Ability to translate thoughts into speech effectively.

Grammar

CLARITY : Crisp consonant sounds & effective word ends convey meaning, leading to clarity. Stretched vowels open up your speech and lead to clarity.

Pronunciation

Introduction Our Training is based on the following structure:

MOTIVATION You can lead a horse to water BUT

Speech patterns are old, old habits we have engraved in our biological and psychological systems. To change these patterns requires effort and dedication and skill. However the greatest factor influencing this change, is an inner motivation from the individual to really make it happen.

Without this motivation, a trainer can give a million techniques, but they will not work. The individual is responsible for WANTING his/her speech to improve, only then will the attention and effort follow, leading to mastery of the skill.

INVESTIGATION

The trainer shares with the class the next course of action:

Once our sleeves are rolled up and we have decided that this is something we WANT to do for ourselves, the next step is for us to assess where we stand. What are our strengths and areas of improvement so we can leverage and use our strengths and work more on our improvement areas.

The Pre Assessment (and mid and post) are conducted for this purpose.

Using the various parameters like Sounds, Pronunciation, Intonation, Grammar, etc., we assess on an INDIVIDUAL BASIS, who is strong/weak in what area. This allows the training program to be tailored to work on areas the individual needs work on!

DESENSITIZATION

V&A training must be dealt with very delicately. After all, trainees have been spaking in a certain way for years. And speaking, being a lower level motor activity, is now engrained in their systems. Being told they must change this, can therefore, be very discomforting.

It is the trainers job to openly talk about why the training is important, thus desenitizing them from their natural inhibitions of changing speech patterns. Sharing with them that the way they speak at present is not wrong in anyw ay, its just different. That speaking in a global accent will not change ones identity, it will only make one more clearly understood by everyone across the globe, a skill which would come in useful in any profession. That it will be like wearing a mask, and it is up to them whether they choose to wear the mask at home with friends and family, or restrict its use to work higlight that we do NOT train on the American accent, it is a global accent we will work on.

Speaking on this subject allows the trainees to lower their guard. Telling them that you, as their trainer, need to be able to be honest and say, Lets try another way of saying the same word without them feeling bad or inhibited about it. You will be working with their mouths as you teach them techniques of creating soundsthey must be comfortable enough with you to do that. And the best way is to address this issue now, telling them upfront that their co-operation is required, that its perfectly all right to make mistakes, all we need is for us to travel the journey together and discover new ways of speaking!

To understand the improvement areas for the trainees so that training inputs are tailored to their individual needs.How Purpose/ Why Recording of (a) Free SpeechReading the passage Shrill GirlsAssess the reading & recording on the parameters in the assessment sheet.Process Template:The English Language Assessment Sheet

Unit 1

SampleWhat Pre Assessment Voice and Accent

S.No. PARAMETERS Fit For Floor Fit For Training Not Fit for Floor1. The specialist says correct consonant sounds2. The specialist uses correct long and short vowel sounds

ParametersRating

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Some words have different meanings,

And yet theyre spelt the same.

A cricket is an insect,

To play it - its a game.

On every hand, in every land, Its thoroughly agreed,

The English language to explain,

Is very hard indeed.

Some people say that youre a dear,

Yet a dear is far from cheap.

A jumper is a thing you wear,

Yet a jumper has to leap.

Its very clear, its very queer,

And pray who is to blame

For different meaning to some words

Pronounced the same.

A little journey is a trip,

A trip is when you fall.

It doesnt mean you have to dance

Wheneer you hold a ball.

Now heres a thing that puzzles me:

Musicians of good taste

Will very often form a band-

Ive got one round my waist!

A door may often be ajar,

But give the door a slam,

And then your nerves receive a jar-

And then theres jars of jam,

Youve heard, of course, of traffic jams,

And jams you give your thumbs

And adders, too, one is a snake,

The other adds up sums.

A policeman is a copper

Its a nickname (impolite!)

Yet a copper in the kitchen

Is an article you light.

On every hand, in every land,

Its thoroughly agreed

The English language to explain

Is very hard indeed!

- Harry Hemsley

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assessments

PARAMETERS

1. CLARITY

Consonants

Vowels

Word Ends

Syllable Stress (Pronunciation)

Intonation

2. GRAMMAR

Correct Tenses

Singular/plural

Gender forms

Word order

Article Usage

Prepositions

3. LISTENING

The specialist understands the customer's accent

The specialist listens to and understands the problem/ need

4. FLUENCY

Effective response (concise and appropriate)

5. COMPREHENSIBILITY

The customer understands the specialist

OVERALL RATING:

BUCKET INTERPRETATION

Customer negatively impacted/irate. R

Potential/slight negative customer impact. Trng required. O

Coaching opportunity but customer not impacted. Y

No coaching opportunity. Customer satisfied. G

Sheet1

Agent Name :

Date Assessed:

S.No.PARAMETERS

1The specialist says correct consonant sounds

The specialist uses correct long and short vowel sounds

3The specialist completes his/ her words

4The specialist intonates appropriately

5The specialist uses correct syllable stress

6The specialist uses correct tenses

7The specialist uses correct singular/plural forms

8The specialist uses the "the" form correctly

9The specialist uses correct word order

The specialist listens to and understands the client's problem/ need

11The specialist maintains continuity of expression ( foghorns, filler, repetition)

12The specialist provides accurate information

13The specialist empathizes when required

14The listener understands the specialist

15The Specialist speaks with an MTI

15Quality Rating

Sheet3

In order to incorporate changes in our pattern of speech we work on the smaller muscles of the mouth like the lip, tongue etc.. This also means that we need to let go of the stress in the larger muscles. Relaxation also focuses on getting rid of the mental stress that we carry with us, so that we gain confidence with the new things we learn.How Purpose/ Why Take everyone through the Relaxation Exercise in a quiet room with the lights dimmed. Process Template:Relaxation Exercise

Unit 2

SampleWhat Relaxation Voice and AccentINSTRUCTIONS:Unfold your arms and legs. Do not slouch or be too stiff.Sit back in your chair; adjust the height of the chair to your requirement.

Step by step procedure for the Relaxation Exercise.

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

RELAXATION EXERCISE

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Unfold your arms and your legs. Do not slouch or be too stiff.

2. Sit back in your chair; adjust the height of the chair to your requirement.

3. Rest your hands on your thighs. Ensure you do not rest your elbows on the armrest.

4. Close your eyes and take a deep breath & exhale.

5. Once more take a long, deep breath & exhale.

6. Another time, take a deep breath & exhale.

7. Become aware of your feet resting on the ground.

8. Feel the tension in your toes.

9. Wriggle them a little, and let go of that tension.

10. Move on to the soles of your feet. Feel them rest very gently.

11. Onto your heels, feel the tension there. Relax.

12. Move up to your calf muscles. Feel the relaxation there.

13. Now focus on your thigh muscles.

14. Feel them stretch and relax.

15. Just take a deep breath and relax.

16. Feel the small of your back resting in the chair. Absolutely relaxed.

17. Let your back sink in to the chair.

18. Move up along the entire length of your spine.

19. Say to yourself, Back, Spread!

20. Move up to your shoulders and say to yourself Shoulders, Broaden!

21. Feel the tensed muscles of your shoulders relax.

22. Raise your right shoulder and rotate it. And then your Left shoulder.

23. Say to yourself Neck, Lengthen!

24. Let your head fall back.

25. Free your mind of all tensions.

26. Let your forehead relax. Ensure there are no frowns.

27. Relax your eyebrows and your eyelids.

28. Move down to your cheek muscles, feel them relax.

29. Relax your jaws. Let your mouth fall open.

30. Just be in touch with your breath as you gently breathe in .. and breathe out from your mouth

31. Once more, take a long lungful of air and then breathe out.

32. Another time, a deep breath and then exhale from your mouth.

33. Feel the larger muscles of your body relax, let your mind be free of all stress and tensions.

34. Feel confident; absolutely sure of yourself. Be in absolute control of your senses. Ready to accept changes, ready to face the world.

35. (Post 1 minute) Now gently open your eyes.

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To acquaint ourselves with the scientific process of the formation of sound and Voice.How Purpose/ Why What is a Sound?What is Voice?Explain the difference between Sound and Voice.Explain the biological process. Voice is formed on the out breath, explain using examples.

Unit 2

What Formation of Speech Voice and AccentThe English language works on a 10 beat rhythm as opposed to the 4 beat rhythm all the Indian languages follow. This makes the English sentences longer , and because we are used to a 4 beat, we tend to pause at the wrong places leading the listener to believe that they are not speaking to a native English speaker. Since we know that the Voice is formed on the out breath it is important that we are able to control it.

Practicing exhaling with an open mouth. Practicing the sound f on the out breath. Stretching the sound from 4 to a maximum of 20 seconds/counts.Breath Control

CONSONANTS

Clarity in the consonant sounds drives clarity in speech.The purpose of this document is to introduce the consonant sounds used in Global English and remove MTI from the speech.How Purpose/ Why Definition of consonants. How are they formed.Importance of studying Consonants.Sounds vs. Letters.Types of consonants, Voiced and Unvoiced- definition.

Process Template:Consonant Sounds

Unit 2

SampleWhat Consonant Sounds.Voice and AccentUnvoiced Voiced p b f v s z t d sh zhTypes of Consonants with examples

CONSONANT SOUNDS

Consonant sounds are produced by the partial or full interruption of the breath flow. Consonants give clarity and sharpness to a word. They do the work of making our speech crisp and clear, just like the function of treble in a music system. When you whisper, it is consonants that carry forward the sound and the meaning. Apart from giving clarity and sharpness to language, consonant sounds also convey logic.

Your trainer will explain this in greater depth.

The aim is to master the global English consonant sounds. Let us take a closer look at these sounds:

The English consonant sounds are divided into two broad buckets, which are

Voiced consonants

Unvoiced consonants

VOICED CONSONANTS are those consonants sounds, which are produced and carried forward by the human voice. These sounds can be fully utilized to add resonance to the voice.

UNVOICED CONSONANTS are consonant sounds that are produced without any human voice.

UNVOICED

VOICED

p

b

f

v

s

z

th

th

t

d

ch

j

sh

zh

k

g

h

l

r

ng

w

y

m

n

Empowerment: Understanding the technique of creating a sound empowers the trainee to create the same sound in new words, independent of the trainer.How Purpose/ Why The technique for producing individual consonant sounds. Practicing individual sounds with each trainee.Practicing the technique with Examples.Consonant Drill Target Sound Practice.

Application in passages.

Process Template: Technique to the formation of sounds

Unit 2

SampleWhat Places of articulation of consonantsVoice and AccentTarget Sound PracticeTake the sound you want to work on. For eg. WOnce you have explained the technique of creating the sound, have them create the sound in slow motion. Eg. Round the lips, create an oooo and SLOWLY move to a. Make them implement the sound in isolation repeatedly.

Techniques to Produce Sounds in Global English

The principle behind sounds used in Global English is to keep mouth movements limited with gentle contact.

Larger movements and firm contact produce stronger, harsher sounds which are not in harmony with Global English.

Lips: p, b, m, w Lips & Teeth: f, v Teeth & Tongue continuous: th, the, s, z Teeth & tongue tip - stopped: t, d Palatal: ch, j, sh, zh, y, r, l Velar: k, g, nk, ng

CONSONANTS

p, b, m 1. Lips come together, gentle contact, release p, b or m. Lips are not tightly pursed. w 1. Lips are rounded as if saying oooo. 2. Lips slowly open out into the sound of a, without the teeth ever biting the lower lip. f, v 1. Upper teeth land on lower lip. 2. Release continuous flow of air. 3. V takes vibration instead of air.

TECHNIQUES

s, 1. Front teeth closed together 2. Tongue flat BEHIND both sets of teeth 3. Release continuous flow of air. z - Same as s, but with vibration.

th 1. Tongue between the front teeth. 2. Continuous flow of air. (Sounds like s, but with tongue between teeth. Remember, the tongue should never touch the palate.) the Same as th, but with vibration instead of air flow. (Like z with the tongue between the teeth.)

TECHNIQUES

t, d 1. Tongue tip behind upper teeth. 2. Front teeth closed together. 3. Air released with a click as teeth separate. (Sound of a symbol, train, etc.)

ch, j Jaws shut. Release ch, j as in Hindi. sh - Same as ch, j with a continuous flow of air. zh - Same placement as sh, but with voice. y - Same as zh, but jaws slightly apart, not touching.

TECHNIQUES

r - 1. Say aaaa. Tongue is flat. 2. Curl tip of tongue inward very slightly while saying aaa.

l - 1. Keep tip of tongue behind front upper teeth, (as in Hindi l) and curl tongue up towards palate so front quarter of tongue is in contact with palate, not just tip.

TECHNIQUES

k - Similar to Hindi k, with slight puff of air. g Same placement as k, but add voice.

ng Nasal sound, the g is not produced from the back of the throat separately, the sound stays in the nasal cavity.

TECHNIQUES

Target Sound Practice

1. Take the sound you want to work on. For eg. W

2. Once you have explained the technique of creating the sound, have them create the sound in slow motion. Eg. Round the lips, create an oooo and SLOWLY move to a.

3. Make them implement the sound in isolation repeatedly.

4. Take a word beginning with the target sound. Eg. water. Slowly stretch the wwww for 2 seconds, showing an exaggerated mouth movement and then complete the word wwwwwater.

5. Take other words beginning with the same sound.

6. Tell them to go home, open the dictionary and say every word under the w section slowly in the manner described in class.

7. Repeat this exercise from the beginning of the list to the end at least 5-10 times daily.

This exercise is important because, often, an individual understands intellectually how to create a sound, however in actual implementation, the muscle memory of the mouth takes over, and the sound is said in the old pattern. By repeating the target sound exercise in an exaggerated movement of the mouth, it replaces the muscle memory with a new pattern, and soon, becomes natural in speech.

The exercise can be used for all tricky sounds like t, d, w, v, f, sh, zh, etc.

Vs and Ws are sounds that are usually confused by an average Indian speaker.To move towards global comprehensibility it is important that we understand this difference and incorporate it in our speech.How Purpose/ Why Technique of the formation of the sound. Individual sound practice.Examples with Vs and Ws in different position in a word.Word practice.Sentences for practice. Application in passages Target sound Practice as homework. Process Template: Ws Vs Passages

Unit 2

SampleWhat Focus on Vs and Ws Voice and AccentTHE RIVER VALLEYThe river valley has always been home to an unrivaled variety and wonderful diversity of wildlife, including voles and vixens. THE BOOKSHOPEvery Wednesday, William works at the village bookshop. He waits on customers, collects orders, records purchase details and operates the computer. Practice sound VPractice sound W VaccineDivide Cave Waddle Brewery Brew Valuable Driver Connive Wafer Coward Cow Value Environment Cove Waffle Cower Meadow Valve Envision Dive Wag Dwell SewPractice words with V and W s in Primary, Middle and Final positionPassages for V sound practice Passages for W sound practice

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List 1

1One21Warm41Wellington61Wick

2Wad22Warn42Welsh62Will

3Waddle23Warrant43Were63Willful

4Wafer24Wart44Western64Willow

5Waffle25Wary45Wet65Win

6Wag26Was46What66Window

7Wages27Wash47What67Wing

8Wagon28Waste48Whatever68Winter

9Waif29Water49Wheat69Wire

10Waist30Way50When70Wise

11Wait31We51Whenever71Wish

12Waiter32Weakling52Where72Wistful

13Wall33Wearisome53Wherever73With

14Wallet34Wednesday54Which74Wizard

15Waltz35Weeds55Whichever75Wolf

16Wand36Week56Whip76Wonder

17Want37Weight57Whisk77Wore

18Wanton38Welfare58Whiskey78Work

19War39We'll59White79Would

20Ward40Well60Why80Wow

List 2

1Brewery7Highway13Queer19Swelter

2Coward8Hour14Quest20Swindle

3Cower9Howl15Question21Tower

4Dwell10Power16Quick22Tweed

5Dwindle11Qualify17Rewire23Twinkle

6Flower12Quantity18Sewer24Sweat

List 3

1Brew3How5Meadow7Threw

2Cow4Know6Sew8Wow

1The wheat flew at the whim of the wind.

2Wee, Willie, Wonky watched vanity fare.

3The worldly widow whisked herself away.

4One wan weary white woman wildly weeeping.

5A wager was made on a waffle during a wave of heat.

6The wearisome weapon refused to fire.

7The welfare ran out of wicked tasting food.

8The wardrobe ran out of it's warranty period running my wallet dry.

9It was a Welsh brewery.

10The wager is William will win.

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DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

Passage application V

Victor Vickerson voted to review the very vilest version of the veto to avoid a controversy. Even Evan reviewed Virginias available provisions for the vacation as inevitably devoid of value. Evan eventually arrived at the village and saved the day with vast amounts of veal.

Passage application W

Where were we in World War 1? On one wonderful Wednesday, we were wandering in Westwood Wisconsin with a wonderful woman, whose name was Wanda Wilkerson. We had been with Wanda for weeks, and we were wondering when we would wear out our welcome. Dont worry! warbled Wanda, waving wildly. Ive been waiting since winter!

THE RIVER VALLEY (both v & w mixed)

The river valley has always been home to an unrivaled variety and wonderful diversity of wildlife, including voles and vixens. It is covered with a wonderful selection of wild flowers including violets, vetches, willows and verbena which envelope the verges and invite roving travelers to explore vast wilderness full of varied vegetation.

Upwardly mobile couples have invaded villages, which until recently were without television and very rarely troubled by the ravages of modern life, or disturbed by the sound of drivers revving up as they drove through the narrow lanes. These couples have moved into new developments invested in local businesses and quickly become involved in local politics, to the extent that many local councils and advisory groups have very quickly been taken over by individuals who want to investigate new ideas vigorously and are enthusiastic advocates of change.

A NIGHT THROUGH THE WOODS

As Victor and William walked down the pathway that ran through the woods, they couldnt help but notice the sites around them. Vines crept up trees, weeping willows hung droopily above the lake and animals screeched out loud war cries or acted like watchmen whistling through the night.

Victor was carefully mapping their path, while William searched for a place to rest. Suddenly they both felt the ground vibrate. All the vibrant colors of the jungle disappeared leaving them with a sinking feeling fear.

Out of the blue a vicious animal leapt out of the shadows and began stalking them. The two boys now felt like victims. They began wasting their energy, shouting and screaming, but not searching for a way out. Both of them began to weave through the woods, only to find their ferocious predator following closely behind. The three of them vaulted many a rock or branch or jungle vegetation- but the two boys found themselves in danger. Luckily, Victor was well versed with the layout of the jungle and began working towards reaching civilization.

They were very scared but they kept their nerve and now started trying to beat the enemy. They planned like two old army veterans and virtually tricked the animal in order to escape.

Fortunately, they made it to their car and drove off never to look back.

THE BOOKSHOP

Every Wednesday, William works at the village bookshop. He waits on customers, collects orders, records purchase details and operates the computer. It is important for William to show warmth towards the customers and to be wise and knowledgeable in a variety of areas, including travel. William is asked many questions. Where can I find cookbooks for vegetarians? and Do you have a book on Venice? or perhaps Can I collect my book on Australian verse today? When making a sale or taking and order, it is important for William to obtain specific details concerning the customer. If the customer wishes to use a credit card, William must obtain their signature to confirm the identity. Sometimes, the customer will complain that the store does not stock the book they require. When this happens William will take the customers address and contact other stores until he finds the book that is wanted. When the book arrives, William will contact the customer and confirm that it may be collected.

THE VILE VIP

While revising his visitors version of a plan for a very well paved avenue, the VIP was advised to reveal none of his motives. Eventually, however, the hapless visitors discovered his knavish views and confided that it was vital to review the plans together to avoid a conflict. The VIP was not convinced, and averred that he would have it vetoed by the vice president. This quite vexed the visitor, who then vowed to invent an indestructible paving compound in order to avenge his good name. The VIP found himself on the verge of a civil war with a visitor with whom he had previously conversed easily. It was only due to his insufferable vanity that the inevitable division arrives as soon as it did. Never again did the visitor converse with the vain VIP and they remained divided forever.

WOODROW WILSON

Woodrow Wilson was the twenty-fifth president of the United States. He will always be remembered for his work to establish world peace. Wilson was born in 1865 and later went to Princeton University. He became president in 1913 and stayed in the White House for two terms. His first wife died while he was in office, and he married a Washington widow. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Wilson quickly provided the needed wisdom. After the war, Wilson was awarded the Nobel Prize for his worthwhile work for peace. He died in 1924. Everywhere in the world, Wilson was thought of as a wise and wonderful leader.

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List 1

1Vaccine11Vapour21Vehicle31Verge

2Valuable12Variable22Veil32Versatile

3Value13Variation23Veiled33Version

4Valve14Variety24Velvet34Very

5Van15Vary25Veneer35Vet

6Vanilla16Vase26Venice36Vibrate

7Vanish17Vast27Venom37Violate

8Vanity18Vault28Verb38Violet

9Vanquish19Veer29Verbal39Vision

10Vaporize20Vegetable30Verbose40Visitor

List 2

1Avoid11Envy21Movie31Revision

2Converstaion12Event22Oval32Revisit

3Convulsions13Forever23Oven33Revive

4Deviate14Government24Over34River

5Devise15Have25Poverty35Serve

6Devil16Heaven26Provide36Sieve

7Divide17Invade27Provision37Souvenir

8Driver18Invoice28Quiver38Survival

9Environment19Marvel29Relevant39Valve

10Envision20Movement30Revise40Waver

List 3

1Cave6Drive11Serve16Prove

2Connive7Executive12Suave17Have

3Cove8Give13Weave18Hive

4Dive9Love14Five19Twelve

5Dove10Nerve15Forgive20Arrive

1The vague vain man had his valet buy valuable flowers on Valentines Day

2The vulgar vamp whistled at the passing wench.

3The vamp wondered if Valerie would veer towards him.

4The vendetta was on the verge of being fulfilled.

5What verbal speech leaves for is vacant words.

6The man vanquished is a vulnerable child for a Vanilla colored girl

7The violent vandal threw the vase viciously at the verandah wall.

8The valediction party left the people with a vague sense of nostalgia.

9The vault was carefully varnished.

10Venetian blinds can't be made out of velvet cloth.

11The pivot of our house has arrived.

12She deviated from her work ethics as she arrived late.

13The venetian blinds were an investment.

14It took five days to forgive her, it felt like forever.

15Valerie wore a violet dress, which violated all colour coding.

16It's good to avoid beehives.

17Stop invading my privacy.

18The variable of this sum equals to Seven.

19Its a marvel that he managed to devour all that food.

20He waved goodbye but I couldn't see him because of a waver in someone's hand.

21Revenge is something to avoid.

22The envelope was from Venice.

23That conniver should revise his devious plans.

24A vegetanle monger has the advantage of keeping the best vegetables for himself.

25The varsity champion became the most popular person in the university.

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The Global L and R differ from the Indian L and R sounds in terms of articulation. Understanding this difference and seeing how it is translated in speech, will assist us in understanding the American client better.How Purpose/ Why Introduction to the American R and formation.Introduction to the American L and its formationIntroduction to the schwa sound and its effect on speech. Practicing words with L in the tertiary position.Discussing how R is spoken differently in British and American accents. Practicing words using R: In American it is always curled. In British it is curled only in the beginning and sometimes in the middle of the word. (Raise, praise, but not in pardon) It is eliminated in the tertiary position (Water) In the Indian accent, it is always rolled like a running rrrr.Process Template: Ls Rs

Unit 2

SampleWhat Focus on Ls and Rs Voice and Accent Initial Medial Final Liar Milk Fill Land Slip Full Initial Medial Final Ray Grow HereRifle Word Share Practice L soundsApplication at the beginning, middle and at the end of each word.Practice R soundsApplication at the beginning, middle and at the end of each word.

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InitialMedialFinal

RayGrowHere

RifleWordShare

RiverGreekMore

RelicGirlWere

RigourPearlWore

RevealGreenWar

RebelFreeWhere

RumourCarryWear

RandomApparentCare

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InitialMedialFinal

LiarMilkFill

LandSlipFull

LinkPulseFool

LapBlankFail

LookLandlordFell

LetSlideFeel

LairRelayFuel

LyePearlyFurl

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Once we are familiar with the correct sounds we should be able to apply them in our spoken English. We begin with the application in simple sentences, moving on to passages How Purpose/ Why A passage is read out by each trainee. It can also be given as homework.In both cases, the target sound as well as the other sounds are checked by the trainer for correction. Checking for Breath Control and pauses will also assess the rhythm in which they speak : 4 beat or 10 beat. Pronunciation is checked and the trainee is provided with corrective feedback.Process Template: Patter Exercises Passages

Unit 2

SampleWhat Passages for practice Voice and AccentOn dark nights, I sometimes dream of little dwarfs who like to ride through the woods and along country roads on tiny donkeys. On cold stabbing nights they try to invert riddles to the sound of the wind. Check consonant sounds t, d and word ends. 1. A Big blue badly bleeding blister. 2. Stop touching Teds toes. 3. The dainty dancers danced in the dark. 4. Seven slick slimy snakes slowly sliding southwards.Read out each sentence keeping in mind the correct consonant sound.

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

/t/ & /d/

On dark nights, I sometimes dream of little dwarfs who like to ride through the woods and along country roads on tiny donkeys. On cold stabbing nights they try to invert riddles to the sound of the wind. They tend to find clear skies disappointing and much prefer dark stormy nights. One dark dismal night in winter, I observed a dozen of these little men hunting for dandelions in the woods. It was raining hard but in the distance I could see a little figure riding away from me. I followed close behind until the dwarf reached a door through which he disappeared. I knocked hard on the door, hoping to catch a glimpse of where he lived. All of a sudden I heard a dreadful drumming sound behind me. A drunken dwarf dressed in a diamond-encrusted cloak was riding past me on a dappled donkey! I tried to address him, but with downcast eyes, he trundled down the road into the distance. As the day dawned, I woke from my dream.

/k/

The computer cursor careened across the screen, erasing key characters as it scrolled past. The technician was equally confused by the computer technology and the complicated keyboard, so he clicked off the computer, cleaned off his desk, accepted his pay-check and caught the taxicab for the airport, destination Caracus.

/k/

Consider the significance of computers in our society. Although you might complain that a computer is confusing, many people now recognize the importance of improving computer skills. Every workplace utilizes this valuable machine, whether it is an airport at which you can confirm flight details-flight one seven zero will depart at twenty to one- or a store that can record purchases and customer details. Today, you can even access the Internet and get information on anything you wish. Perhaps you are traveling to Cardiff and want to check whether conditions, or look up the address of a villa or a vegetarian restaurant. Maybe you want records on violence in your suburb or check what industries are in your area. You might even want to make a credit card purchase over the Internet. In fact, where would the world be without the detailed and specific records that can be stored and accessed by a computer?

/z/

A lazy Thursday at the zoo found the zebras grazing on zinnias, posing for pictures and teasing the zookeeper, whose nose was bronzed by the sun. The biggest zebras name was Zachary, but his friends called him Zack. Zack was a confusing zebra whose zeal for reasons caused his cousins, who were naturally unreasoning, to pause in their conversations. While they browsed, he philosophized. As they grazed, he practiced Zen. Because they were Zacks cousins, the Zebras said nothing, but they wished he would muzzle at times.

/s/

A Surly Sergeant Socked and Insolent Sailor

Sam, a surly sergeant from Cisco, Texas, saw a sailor sit silently on a small seat reserved for youngsters. He stayed for several minutes, while tots swarmed around. Sam asked the sailor to cease and desist but he sneered in his face. Sam was so incensed that he considered it sufficient incentive to sock the sailor. The sailor stood there for a second, astonished, and then strolled away. Sam was perplexed, but satisfied, with the tots scampered like ants over the see-saw.

/th/ & /the/

The throng of thermometers from the Thuringian Thermometer Folks arrived on Thursday. There were a thousand and thirty-three thick thermometers. Though instead of a thousand thirty-six thin thermometers, which was three thermometers fewer than the thousand thirty-six we were expecting, not to mention that they were thick ones rather than thin ones. We thoroughly thought that we had ordered a thousand thirty-six, not a thousand thirty-three, thermometers, and asked the Thuringian Thermometer Folks to reship the thermometers; thin, not thick ones. They apologized for sending only a thousand thirty-three thermometers rather than a thousand thirty-six and promised to replace the thick thermometers with thin thermometers.

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/f/

1A fat-free fruit float.

2Freckle-faced Freddie fidgets.

3A foolish fellow finds fault freely.

4Freshly fried fresh flesh

/v/

1What veteran ventriloquist whistles

2Did you ever visit a very nice vacation spot called the Valuble Valley Villas.

3The violent vandal threw the vase viciously at the wall.

4Every vowel is voiced very well

/w/

1Whether the weather be fine.

Whether the weather be not.

Whether the weather be cold.

Whether the weather be hot.

We'll whether the weather,

whatever the weather, whether we like it or not.

2Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch?

3Wally Winkle wriggles his white, wrinkled wig.

/t/

1Telephone operators definitely need training

2Tammy's tarts are delicate and delicious

3From a plate of wheat, three sad tigers ate wheat

4I shot three shy thrushes

/d/

1Drugs are definitely dangerous

2The dainty dancer danced in the dark

3Eddie edited it.

4David told Tanya about his terrifying dream

5Dentists demonstrate how dentures can be damaged

/p/

1Paul, please pause for proper applause.

2A pack of pesky pixies

3An Ape hates grape cakes

4Pitter Patter Pitter Patter Tap Tap Tap

/b/

1A big blue badly bleeding blister

2Big Billy, who had a big belly was also a big bully.

3Billy Button bought a bunch of beautiful bananas

4Betty better butter Brad's bread

5I bought a box of biscuits,

a box of mixed biscuits,

and a biscuit mixer

6A big bug bit a bold bald bear and the bold bald bear bled blood badly.

7Bad black bran bread

8Big Ben blew big blue bubbles

9The fuzzy bee buzzed the buzzy busy beehive

10Blue bugs blood.

11The big black bug's blood ran blue

/s/

1Six sharp smart sharks.

2Seven slick slimy snakes slowly sliding southwards

3Strange strategic statistics.

4Six sharp smart sharks

5Slick slim slippers sliding south

6A smart fella, a fella smart.

It takes a smart fella to say a fella smart

7I see Isis's icy eyes.

8Miss Smith lisps as she talks and lists as she walks.

9I miss my Swiss Miss.

My Swiss Miss misses me.

10Sexist sixties.

11Six crisp snacks.

12Stagecoach stops

13Synonym cinnamon.

14Zithers slither slowly south.

15Knapsack strap.

Real wristwatch straps.

16Six sick sea-serpents swam the seven seas.

17Six smart fellows felt smart.

18Sinful Caesar sipped his snifter,seized his knees and sneezed.

/z/

1This is a zither.

Is this a zither?

2Zizzi's zippy zipper zips.

3He who knows not, and knows not that he knows not, is a fool.

/sh/

1Some shun sunshine; some shun shade.

2Such a shapeless sash!

3Sunshine city, sunshine city, sunshine city, ...

4The soldier's shoulder surely hurts!

/zh/

1It's a pleasure to measure your unusual vision

2She made the decision to camouflage the beige garage

3As usual he came casual which I find unusual

/ch/

1X-ray checks clear chests.

/j/

1Jack the jailbird jacked a jeep.

2A gentle judge judges justly.

/kh/

1Kinky kite kits.

2Keenly cleaning copper kettles.

3Crisp crust crackles

4Cuthbert's cufflinks

/g/

1Greek grapes.

/th/

1Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.

2Thor is the god of Thunder.

3Thelma and Theo have bad breath.

4Three free throws.

/m/

1A missing mixture measure.

2Much mashed mushrooms.

/n/

1A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

/l/

1Lisa laughed listlessly.

2Larry sent the latter a letter later.

3Literally literary.

/r/

1Red lorry, yellow lorry.

2Red lolly, yellow lolly

3Red leather, Yellow leather

4Round and round the rugged rocks the ragged rascal ran

/y/

1Unique New York.

2Local yokel jokes.

3Yellow leather, yellow feather, yellow lemon

4Yanking yellow yo-yos.

5How many yaks could a yak pack pack if a yak pack could pack yaks?

/h/

1The hare's ear heard ere the hare heeded.

2Hiccup teacup!

/ng/

1The king would sing, about a ring that would go ding.

2Don't spring on the inner-spring this spring or there will be an offspring next spring.

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VOWELS

Vowels are what convey emotion in our speech. As English is a secondary language for us, we are unable to convey emotions in English. Openness of sounds adds clarity to our speech. This opens doors of communication. How Purpose/ Why Definition of vowels. Importance of vowelsSounds vs. LettersTypes of Vowels.

Process Template: Vowels

Unit 3

SampleWhat Vowel Sounds Voice and AccentVOWELS:Vowel sounds are produced by the uninterrupted flow of breath. These sounds carry emotion and give due weight to a word. Vowels :LIP VOWELS are those vowel sounds that are crafted by the shaping of the lips.AaawohooTypes

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

VOWELS

Vowel sounds are produced by the uninterrupted flow of breath. These sounds carry emotion and give due weight to a word. These sounds, if nice and open, can add resonance to your voice.

Vowel sounds can be categorized in two broad buckets:

Lip vowels &

Tongue vowels

LIP VOWELS are those vowel sounds that are crafted by the shaping of the lips.

Note that the lips have to change shape in order to craft these sounds.

Lip vowels are:

Aa - aw - oh - oo

TONGUE VOWELS are vowel sounds that are made by the movement of the tongue. Feel the tongue move as you enunciate these sounds:

Aa - ay - ee - I

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Showing trainees how to create the varying shades of vowels, enables them to incorporate this skill into their speech.How Purpose/ Why Practice the formation of the Lip Vowels. Listen individually. Support with Examples. Practice the formation of Tongue Vowels. Listen individually.Support with examples.Vowel Chant. Transitioning Lip Vowels and then the Tongue Vowels in one breath.Application of this exercise in language.Group practice. Stretching each sound to a maximum of 12 seconds.Application in poem The PowersProcess Template: The PowersApplication

Unit 3

SampleWhat Types of Vowels Voice and AccentTHE Powers whose name and shape no living creature knows Have pulled the Immortal Rose; Check on the openness of vowelsAe ow awI ayeooohAtOutOughtIdAteEat OozeOwnApplication of Vowel sounds

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

Vowel Practice

Read the following poem with exaggerated and open movements of your mouth, stretching the vowel sounds as much as possible:

The Powers whose name and shape no living creature knows

Have pulled the Immortal Rose;

And though the Seven Lights bowed in their dance and wept,

The Polar Dragon slept,

His heavy rings uncoiled from glimmering deep to deep:

When will he wake from sleep?

Great Powers of falling wave and wind and windy fire,

With your harmonious choir

Encircle her I love and sing her into peace,

That my old care may cease;

Unfold your flaming wings and cover out of sight

The nets of day and night.

Dim powers of drowsy thought, let her no longer be

Like the pale cup of the sea,

When winds have gathered and sun and moon burned dim

Above its cloudy rim;

But let a gentle silence wrought with music flow

Whither her footsteps go.

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S.No.ooohawowaeayeeI

1oozeownoughtoutatateeatI'd

2bootboatboughtboutbatbaitbeatbite

3coolcoatcaughtcloutcatcratekeelkite

4choosechosechalkchowchatchastecheesechide

5dodon'tdotdoubtdaddatedeeddiet

6foodphonefoughtfoundfatfatefeetfight

7goosegoesgauzegrousegasgazegeeseguise

8who'llholehallhowlHalhailheelhire

10jukeJokejockjowlJackJakejeepjive

11crudecrowcrawlcrowdcrabcratecreepcrime

12Loulowlostloudladlateleadlight

13moonmoanmornmountmatmatemeatmight

14noonnotenotnowgnatNateneatnight

15poolpolePaulpoundpalpailpeelpile

16rulerolerotroundratratereelright

17Suesewsawsoundsatsalesealsight

18shoeshowshawlshoutshamshamesheenshine

19slewslowslawslouchslapsladesleepslide

20stoolstolestallstoutstagstalestealstyle

21strewstrollstrawStroudstrapstraightstreetstride

22tooltolltalltowntaptapeteamtime

23thoughthouthattheythesethine

24threwthrowthoughtthousandthankthanethiefthigh

25voodoovotevolumevowvanvainvealviper

26woowoewashwowwaxwanewheelwipe

27youyoyawnyow!yankYaleyeyikes

28zooZoezombiezowiezapzanyzebraxylophone

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It gives us a comprehensive understanding of the varying vowel sounds used in Global English.Apart from the basic sounds there are 92 shades existent in the English language. They are nothing but the shorter versions of the basic sounds. This addresses and checks the Long and Short Vowel problem. How Purpose/ Why What are Shades of Vowels. Practice each sound, supported with examples.Group practice.Exercise: Take them through the e and ae sentences. Exercise: Take them through the I and ee sentences.Process Template: Shades of Vowels

Unit 3

SampleWhat Shades of Vowels Voice and AccentLookLordLoutMy Lord, look at this lout.ooayeeMoonMane MeanPoolPainPeepLED LAD He led the lad home.SET SAT Anna sat down after losing the first set. IT EAT I eat it.DID DEEDHe did the deedCombination of various Consonants with different shades of vowels in words and sentences.

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aaawohooayeeI

MarkMornMoanMoonManeMeanMine

PartPallPolePoolPalePeelPile

TarTallTollToolTailTeamTime

LarkLawnLoadLooLakeLeakLie

SaabSawSownSoonSaneSeenSign

BarBornBoneBoonBailBeenBile

TartTaughtToeTooTailTealTile

FarForFoeFoolFailFeelFile

GuardGodGoadGoonGailGeekGuy

HardHogHoleHoopHailHeatHi

NastyNotNoteNoonNailNeatNight

CardCostCoatCoolCrateKeepKite

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LootLookLoanLordLustLout

My Lord, look at this lout.

I loaned him some money, now he is lusting to loot me.

LastLuckLearnLadLedLakeLidLie

The last time I was led to the lake, I was lucky.

The lad was lying by the lake learning his lines with his eyes wide open.

TaskTuckTurnTanTedTakeTickTeaTie

My task for tea was to buy some tuck. Ted turned up with his

skin tanned black. He got ticked off for not wearing a tie.

DarkDuckDirtDanDeadDateDickDeanDie

Dick, Dan and Dean went out in the dark to shoot dead some ducks.

No ducks died that night and they returned empty handed with their clothes all dirty.

NastyNuncleNerdNabNedNailNickKneeNight

My nuncle was a nasty nerd. He nabbed my friend Nick that night and nailed him

to the wall with his knee.

ParkPuckPearlPadPenPayPickPeakPie

Puck sat in the park, peaked and hungry waiting to eat pie. Just then a waiter with

a pad and a pen arrived. After eating his pie Puck paid him off with a pearl

BarkBuckBurnBudBedBayBickerBeep

The dog barked .Bud got out of his bed and pressed his horn, "beep". His neighbor

who lived at the edge of the bay came out to bicker with him for being too noisy.

Then he saw the forest burn.

MamaMuckMerlinMadMedalMayMickeyMeMy

Merlin was a mad magician. One day he gave me a medal saying it was gold.

MY mama looked at it and said he'd made a Mickey out of me.

She said I may as well throw it in the muck.

CartCutCurCatKettleKickKeenKite

Kate jumped over the cart keen to see the kite. The cat chasing a cur,

cut across her path. She kicked at it then remembered she'd left the kettle on.

GuardGutGirthGapGetGateGigGreetGlide

Through the gap in the gate the guard saw the crowd at the gig glide by and greet

each other. They were laughing their guts out, their girth shivering with delight.

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E AE sentences

1. He led the lad home.

2. Anna sat down after losing the first set.

3. The brave men manned the hostile border.

4. The camel went to the chemist and said he was sad!

5. Her head had hurt all night.

6. Then he asked if Kevin was taller than Keith.

7. Lets bet on Sachins bat.

8. The fat boy went to the fete.

9. He got a message from her in the massage parlour.

10. He's eating a red radish.

11. His dad is unfortunately dead.

12. He went to bed with a bad cold.

13. He was merry 'cos he didn't marry.

14. When will the Van start working?

15. Please hand over the hen.

16. She was happy to go out with her hen-pecked husband.

17. He lagged behind the others because of a leg injury.

18. The beggar carries a big bag.

19. Our.

20. Danny De Vito bravely entered the lions den.

21. The story of Antonio is not an endless legend.

22. Ben Afflecks movies were banned in Iran.

23. Will you lend me some money after we land?

24. Do send me some sand!

25. The vet removed the wet cat from the vat.

26. Dont tamper with the tempo.

27. She left her pen in the pantry.

28. The teacher slapped him because he slept in the class.

29. He kept the cap.

30. The cat leapt up and lapped up the milk.

i-ee Sentences

long

short

1

eat

it

I eat it

2

beat

bit

The beat was a bit strong

3

keys

kiss

Give me a kiss for the keys

4

cheek

chick

The chick's cheek is soft.

5

deed

did

He did the deed.

6

feet

fit

These shoes fit my feet

7

green

grin

The Martian's grin was green

8

heat

hill

Put your heel on the hill.

9

jeep

Jill

Jill's jeep's here.

10

creep

crib

Let's creep near the crib.

11

leap

lip

He bumps his lip when he leaps.

12

meal

mill

She had a meal at the mill.

13

neat

knit

He can knit neatly.

14

peel

pill

Don't peel that pill!

15

reed

rid

Get rid of the reed.

16

seek

sick

We seek the sixth sick sheep.

17

sheep

ship

There are sheep on the ship.

18

sleep

slip

The girl slips when she sleepwalks!

19

steal

still

He still steals!

20

Streep

strip

Meryl Streep is in a comic strip

21

team

Tim

Tim is on the team.

22

these

this

These are better than this one.

23

thief

thing

The thief took my things.

24

weep

whip

Who weeps from the whip?

A word is formed by combining vowels and consonants in various ways.Once we know how consonants and vowels are formed and have worked on them in isolation, we are ready to combine these and practice them leading us closer to effective speaking.How Purpose/ Why Combine all vowels with a single consonant. Build words with that to support the use of this exercise. Practice the consonant clusters with the trainees. Give examples of the consonant clusters from the poem: The Powers.Keep checking individually as well. Group Exercise: They can form words using the consonant clusters and give you a list by the next day.The poem: Fear No More focuses on Breath Control. Begin by reading one line in one breath gradually moving to a stanza in breath ensuring the correct consonant and vowel sounds, apart from breath control.Process Template: Consonant Clusters

Unit 3

SampleWhat Consonant - Vowels combinations Voice and Accent Oo oh aw ah ay ee ow iI m I & I d I OOMD OHMD AWMD AHMD AYMD EEMD OWMD IMD I k I & I t I OOKT OHKT AWKT AHKT AYKT EEKT OWKT IKT Oo oh aw ah ay ee ow iI t I OOT OHT AWT AHT AYT EET OWT ITEI m I OOM OHM AWM AHM AYM EEM OWM IME Oo oh aw ah ay ee ow iI d I DOO DOH DAW DAH DAY DEE DOW DII t I TOO TOH TAW TAH TAY TEE TOW TIPlacement of consonants after the vowels sound.Placement of the Vowels after theConsonants sound. Combination of 2 unvoiced or 2 voiced consonants after the vowel sound.

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CONSONANT CLUSTERS

OOOHAWAHAYEEOWI

OOMOHMAWMAHMAYMEEMOWMIME

OONOHNAWNAHNAYNEENOWNINE

OOLOHLAWLAHLAYLEELOWLILE

OOTOHTAWTAHTAYTEETOWTITE

OODOHDAWDAHDAYDEEDOWDIDE

OOPOHPAWPAHPAYPEEPOWPIPE

OOBOHBAWBAHBAYBEEBOWBIBE

OOKOHKAWKAHKAYKEEKOWKIKE

OOGOHGAWGAHGAYGEEGOWGIGE

OOFOHFAWFAHFAYFEEFOWFIFE

OOVOHVAWVAHVAYVEEVOWVIVE

OOSOHSAWSAHSAYSEESOWSISE

OOZOHZAWZAHZAYZEEZOWZIZE

(Breathed)OOTHOHTHAWTHAHTHAYTHEETHOWTHITHE

(Voiced)OOTHOHTHAWTHAHTHAYTHEETHOWTHITHE

OOOHAWAHAYEEOWI

TOOTOHTAWTAHTAYTEETOWTI

DOODOHDAWDAHDAYDEEDOWDI

POOPOHPAWPAHPAYPEEPOWPI

BOOBOHBAWBAHBAYBEEBOWBI

KOOKOHKAWKAHKAYKEEKOWKI

GOOGOHGAWGAHGAYGEEGOWGI

FOOFOHFAWFAHFAYFEEFOWFI

VOOVOHVAWVAHVAYVEEVOWVI

SOOSOHSAWSAHSAYSEESOWSI

ZOOZOHZAWZAHZAYZEEZOWZI

(Breathed)THOOTHOHTHAWTHAHTHAYTHEETHOWTHI

(Voiced)THOOTHOHTHAWTHAHTHAYTHEETHOWTHI

OOOHAWAHAYEEOWI

OOKTOHKTAWKTAHKTAYKTEEKTOWKTIKT

OOGDOHGDAWGDAHGDAYGDEEGDOWGDIGD

OOPTOHPTAWPTAHPTAYPTEEPTOWPTIPT

OOBDOHBDAWBDAHBDAYBDEEBDOWBDIBD

OOMDOHMDAWMDAHMDAYMDEEMDOWMDIMD

OOLTOHLTAWLTAHLTAYLTEELTOWLTILT

OOLDOHLDAWLDAHLDAYLDEELDOWLDILD

OOLZOHLZAWLZAHLZAYLZEELZOWLZILZ

OOTHTOHTHTAWTHTAHTHTAYTHTTEETHTOWTHTITHT

OOTHDOHTHDAWTHDAHTHDAYTHDEETHDOWTHDITHD

Th(soft)00THZOHTHZAWTHZAHTHZAYTHZEETHZOWTHZITHZ

Th(soft)OOSTOHSTAWSTAHSTAYSTEESTOWSTIST

OOZDOHZDAWZDAHZDAYZDEEZDOWZDIZD

OOKSTOHKSTAWKSTAHKSTAYKSTEEKSTOWKSTIKST

OOSKTOHSKTAWSKTAHSKTAYSKTEESKTOWSKTISKT

OOFTOHFTAWFTAHFTAYFTEEFTOWFTIFT

OOFTSOHFTSAWFTSAHFTSAYFTSEEFTSOWFTSIFTS

OOVDOHVDAWVDAHVDAYVDEEVDOWVDIVD

OOSTSOHSTSAWSTSAHSTSAYSTSEESTSOWSTSISTS

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In English, sometimes one vowel letter may denote 2 different vowel sounds together.

How Purpose/ Why Listing the basic diphthongs. Check for understanding. Words for Practice. Using them in Sentences . The ei and aei difference. Explain using the Berlin Wall exercise. Quiz individually to check for understanding of the sounds. Process Template:Diphthongs Berlin Wall

Unit 3

SampleWhat Diphthongs Voice and Accent Air EarI b I Bare, Bear, Blare BearI p I Pare, Pair, Pear Peer, Pier

Combining the consonants with the two sounds to check the difference in meaning./ay/ as in eight = /e/ + /i//oi/ as in oil = /aw/ =/i/

A combination of 2 vowels forming a diphthong

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RHYMING WORDS

Heir-AIREAR

Bare, bear* , blareBeer

Care, chair, ClairClear, cheer

DareDeer, dear

Fare, fair, flare, flairFear

GlareGear *

Hare , HairHear, here

Jeer

LairLeer

MareMere

Near

Pare, pair, pear*Peer, pier

Queer

RareRear*

Stare, stair, snare, spare, swear*, share, scareSeer, steer, sheer, spear, sneer, smear, severe

Tear, there, theirTear, tier

Veer

Where, ware, wear*Were

Career, engineer, volunteer, YEAR!

* Common errors

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DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

DIPHTHONGS:

Diphthongs are those sounds that consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another. The first part of a diphthong is always longer and stronger than the second part; as the sound glides into the second part of the diphthong the loudness of the sound decreases. These diphthongs are spelt in many different ways in English although they sound the same:

/ay/ as in eight = /e/ + /i/

/oi/ as in boy = /aw/ =/ay/

/ie/ as in sky = /aa/ + /ay/

/ow/ as in owl = /ah/ + /o/

/ea/ as in dear = /ee/ + /uh/

/eu/ as in tune = /ee/ + /oo/

A quick comparison of "eight" and "height" should be proof enough -- and "enough" doesn't rhyme with "cough" and "though"!

Pie

Poi

Pay

Pow

Peer

Tile

Toil

Tale

Towel

Tier

Heil

Hoyle

Hail

Howl

Hear

Sign

Soil

Sail

Sound

Seer

Abide

Avoid

Evade

Avowed

Allied

Alloy

Allay

Aloud

Try

Tray

Troy

Trowel

Tear

Dye

Doily

Day

Down

Dear

Try these sentences for carry-over practice with these diphthongs:

1. That's the fly in the ointment.

2. You boys are too noisy! Quiet, now!

3. Though April showers may come your way...

4. The boy buys the flowers that bloom in May.

5. I'd enjoy a ride around the house.

6. Put your toys away now.

7. I'll wait for you downtown.

8. Time and tide wait for no man.

9. The boys stayed in their hideout.

10. Buy now, pay later.

11. For crying out loud!

12. It isn't raining rain, you know, its raining violets.

13. How much of a noise annoys an oyster?

14. Enjoy your broiled trout.

15. Pie in the sky is not a sty in the eye.

16. I spied my tie in a pile of fried rice.

17. Tie a knot, tie a knot. Tie a tight, tight knot. Tie a knot in the shape of a naught.

18. Dry your eyes if you cry when the bride glides by, then move to the side of the aisle, smile and say, Hi.

19. A night-light's light at nighttime is hardly a highly bright light for my tired sight.

20. .It was quite light last night . It was quiet late last night. It was quite late last night.

21. How much oil boil can a gumboil boil? If a gumboil can boil oil?

22. He oiled the joints and points of the royal buoy noisily and annoyingly.

23. Joyous boys loitered on the voyage rejoicing over the destroyed oyster.

24. Eight eighty-eight towns were quiet around downtown, the liar howled!

Care must be taken to avoid glaring pairs of sounds that appear to bear the differences in meaning. After all, stare sounds like stair, but is another word altogether. The same goes for pear and pair, bear and barehowever theres a trick here! Tear the fear! Fear makes you tear your hair many times a year when you stare at these words too much, as it makes you want to shed tears in your beer that you share with peers, while you breathe air through your nose, not your ear! Is that clear?

DO NOT PRINT OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION

Often we confuse the pronunciation in basic words that are either spelt the same or pronounced alike. This exercise also helps build vocabulary.How Purpose/ Why Create a word list on the board using the sounds oo and ew.Add on the columns for ow and o sounds. Practice with the class. Quiz the trainees on the sounds of the words.Read out the poem Fear no More .Begin with each trainee reading out one line at a time followed by 2 lines in 1 breath.. and so on, moving to maximum number of stanzas in each breath.Process Template: Rhyming Vowels Fear No More

Unit 3

SampleWhat Rhyming Vowels Voice and AccentVowel Sounds : oo ew ow o Blue, Blew Cue, Dew Bow, Vow, Bow, So, Jew, Slew View, New How, Sow Sow, SewList the words and sort out the different pronunciation Fear no more the heat o' th' Sun, Nor the furious Winters rages, Thou thy worldly task hast don, Home art gon, and taken thy wages. Golden Lads, and Girls all must, As Chimney-Sweepers come to dust.

Reading out the entire stanza in a single breath.

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Rhyming Vowels

OOEWOwO

Boo, Blue, BlewCue, queueBowBow

Chew, clueDew, DueCowCrow

DoFew, phew!HowDoe

FlewLieuNowFoe

Grew, Glue, GooMewPow-wow, PloughGo

WhoNewRowHoe

JewPewSowLow

LooSkewVowMow

MooViewWowRow

RueSo, Sow, SEW

Sue, slewTow

Too, to, two, true, through, threwWoe

Woo

Zoo

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DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

FEAR NO MORE

Fear no more the heat o' th' Sun, Nor the furious Winters rages, Thou thy worldly task hast don, Home art gon, and taken thy wages. Golden Lads, and Girls all must, As Chimney-Sweepers come to dust.

Fear no more the frown o' th' Great, Thou art past the Tyrants stroke, Care no more to cloath and eate, To thee the Reede is as the Oake: The Scepter, Learning, Physicke must, All follow this and come to dust.

Feare no more the Lightning flash. Nor th' all-dreaded Thunderstone. Feare not Slander, Censure rash. Thou hast finish'd Ioy and mone. All Louers young all Louers must, Consigne to thee and come to dust.

No Exorcisor harme thee, Nor no witch-craft charme thee.Ghost vnlaid forbeare thee. Nothing ill come neere thee. Quiet consumation haue, And renowned be thy graue.

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Now that we have gone through all the consonant sounds as well as the vowel sounds and practiced them, its time to apply them in a passage and practice the crispness of the consonants along with the openness of the vowels. How Purpose/ Why Use the passage Under Milk wood. Step 1: Whisper the passage together to emphasize the crispness of the consonantsStep 2: Chant the passage together to emphasize the openness of the vowels. Step 3: Stand at the corner of the room, leaning there, cup your mouth and read out the passage as loud as possible, without screaming and keeping in mind the correct sounds and breath control.Process Template: Under Milk wood Exercise

Check for consonant sounds.Unit 3

Sample:What Combination of Learned Sounds in SpeechVoice and AccentUNDER MILKWOODAnd the shrill girls giggle and master around him and squeal as they clutch and thrash, and he blubbers away downhill with his patched pants falling and his tear splashed blush burns all the way as the triumphant bird like sisters scream with buttons in their claws and the bully brothers hoot after him his little nickname and his mother's shame and his father's wickedness with the loose and wild barefoot women of the hovels of the hills. Check for Vowel sounds. Check for Word endings. Check for Breath Control.We wondered why we were made to vent in their van with chairs one could barely sit on. Check for correct sounds, vowels and consonants.

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

UNDER MILKWOOD

And the shrill girls giggle and master around him and squeal as they clutch and thrash, and he blubbers away downhill with his patched pants falling and his tear splashed blush burns all the way as the triumphant bird like sisters scream with buttons in their claws and the bully brothers hoot after him his little nickname and his mother's shame and his father's wickedness with the loose and wild barefoot women of the hovels of the hills.

It all means nothing at all, and, howling for his milky mum, for her cawl and buttermilk and cowbreath and welshcakes and fat birth smelling bed and the moonlit kitchen of her arms, he will never forget as he paddles blind home through the weeping end of the world.

Then his tormentors tussle and run to the Cockle Street sweet shop, their pennies as sticky as honey, to buy from Miss MyFanwy Price, who is cocky and neat as a puff bosomed robin and her small round buttocks tight as ticks, gobstoppers as big as wens that rainbow as you suck, brandyballs, winegums, hundreds and thousands of liquorice sweet as sick, nougat to tug and ribbon out like another red rubbery tongue, gum to glue in girl's curls, crimson coughdrops to spit blood, ice cream cornets, dandelion and burdock, raspberry and cherryade, pop goes the weasel and the wind.

Dylan Thomas

PRONUNCIATION EXCERCISES

We wondered why we were made to vent in their van with chairs one could barely sit on.

Which sandwich was Vonnies? White or brown?

Werent they all together on the stairs with us a while ago?

Various vendors were wasting our time one by one, so we decided to walk away while they gestured with wide movements towards us.

The casual way in which they wore their visual aids was a pleasure to witness!

The vast and viscous measure of the liquid was taken at leisurely velocity.

Our vision is perfect, we swore! The eye sight we inherited is our personal treasure.

What? Were what?, we screamed as she vacantly stared into thin air.

Once upon a time, there were three thousand and thirty-three dwarves who ventured into the gloomy woods and were raised by fierce, weird wolf-like warriors.

Limping slowly, Laura tried to run towards the vehicles, looking ravishing in her red robe that reached the length of her ankles.

Really? Wendy was here one hour ago with sandwiches? Why is that hard to believe?

Remorseful that we had wasted our wine, we went to the vineyards where we watched the vines intertwine with each other, and thought wistfully about when we were young. What pleasurable moments, youth had brought, we thought!

Zoology and Sociology are surely amongst the chosen subjects she had asked for. The same went for Science and Sculpture. However, she appeared unhappy and uncaring, wanting primarily to show that she wanted nothing.

The zebra zoomed across the vast woods wanting to wipe out the roses that sizzled under the steaming sunshine.

She was sneezing as she was freezing, desiring to reside inside instead of beside the snowy wasteland.

The division occurred when they wished for conversion, however their vision was shattered with the diversion that appeared so casual.

It is a pleasurable treasure to measure the extent of your revision of sounds that are casually placed within each others vision.

Care must be taken to avoid glaring pairs of sounds that appear to bear the differences in meaning. After all, stare sounds like stair, but is another word altogether. The same goes for pear and pair, bear and barehowever theres a trick here! Tear the fear! Fear makes you tear your hair many times a year when you stare at these words too much, as it makes you want to shed tears in your beer that you share with peers, while you breathe air through your nose, not your ear! Is that clear?

PRONOUNCIATION

Understanding syllables is the first step towards correct pronunciation. Pronunciation in turn leads us to comprehensibility and effective speech . How Purpose/ Why Why are syllables important.What are syllables. Learning to count syllables. Making words with 1,2,3,4,5,6 & 7 syllables.

Process Template:Syllables

Unit 4SampleWhat SyllablesVoice and AccentA syllable has a vowel sound. Usually there is a consonant sound between it and the next syllable.Look at the number of syllables in the following words:GreatPaulaBeautiful What are syllables, Counting them.

DAKSH CONFIDENTIAL

Syllables:

Syllables are a very important part of out speech. You must regard syllables as an impressive part of the English language. They give a word its pronunciation. These are sound units that build up the structure of every word. Without them, the speech would sound dull, boring and meaningless.

A syllable has a vowel sound. Usually there is a consonant sound between it and the next syllable.

Look at the number of syllables in the following words:

Great

Paula

Beautiful

Remarkable

Development

StrategyComputerAmerican

Equipment

Industry

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Empowerment:In the English language there are a 101 exceptions to 100 rules that exist! What we offer are guidelines. These guidelines will help trainees tackle new words even in the absence of the trainer. How Purpose/ Why The Past tense rulePractice The Plural rule. Practice The Compound Noun rule. Practice The Acronym rule. Practice.Process Template:The Basic Rules

Unit 4SampleWhat The Basic RulesVoice and AccentPlease remember that es becomes an extra syllable only when added to words ending with a hissing sound. When the original word without the es ending, ends with a hissing sound, only then does the added es become an extra syllable.Office/officesPromise/PromisesBeach/Beaches Plural Rule A combination of two words is called a compound noun, like soft/ware. In English, the stress usually falls on the first part of the compound nounSoftwareHar