vocabulary review ch 29 – plant structure and function
TRANSCRIPT
Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Ch 29 – Plant Ch 29 – Plant Structure and Structure and
FunctionFunction
In higher plants, the fundamental tissue that is composed of thin-walled living
cells that function in photosynthesis and
storage
Parenchyma
A group of elongated, thick-walled plant cells that support the growth of leaves
and stems
Collenchyma
A type of plant tissue composed of cells that have
thickened secondary cell
walls that function in plant supportSclerenchyma
The outer surface layer of cells of a plant or animal
Epidermis
A waxy or fatty and watertight
layer on the external wall of epidermal cells
Cuticle
A thick-walled, cylindrical cell with tapered ends that is found in xylem and
that provides support and conducts water
and nutrients
Tracheid
In plants, the thin, porous areas of a tracheid cell wall
Pit
In plants, one of the cellular
components of a xylem vessel
Vessel element
In plants, a tube-like structure in the xylem
that is composed of connected cells that conduct water and mineral nutrients
Vessel
One of the component cells of
a sieve tube, which is found
mainly in flowering plants
Sieve tube member
In the phloem of a flowering plant, a
conducting tube that is made up of a series of sieve-tube members stacked end to end
Sieve tube
A region that connects two sieve cells and that has one or more sieve areas, which consist of
clusters of pores through which the cytoplasm of
the cells is connected and through which materials
are transported
Sieve plate
A specialized parenchyma cell that assists in
transport and that gives rise to sieve
tubes in angiosperms
Companion cell
A region of undifferentiated
plant cells that are capable of dividing and developing into
specialized plant tissues
Meristem
The growing region at the tips
of stems and roots in plants
Apical meristem
Dividing tissue that runs parallel to the long axis of a stem or a root
Lateral meristem
In a plant, the lateral meristem
that produces secondary xylem
and phloem
Vascular cambium
A layer of tissue under the cork
layer where cork cells are produced
Cork cambium
In biology, a joint between two adjacent sections in the stem of
a plant where buds form and leaves or branches start to
grow; usually marked by a knot or swelling
Node
The part of a plant stem between two consecutive nodes
Internode
A shoot or flower that has immature
leaves folded in the growing tip
Bud
A modified leaf that forms a protective
covering for a bud until it opens
Bud scale
The tissue that is located in the
center of the stem of most vascular plants and that is used for storage
Pith
Secondary xylem produced in
gymnosperm and dicot stems
Wood
Dark wood in center of tree
Heartwood
Functional, often lighter-colored
wood nearer the outside of the
trunk
Sapwood
The protective outside covering of woody plants,
consisting of cork, cork cambium, and
phloem
Bark
Wood formed during the spring when water is plentiful; vascular
cambium can form new xylem with cells that
are wide and thin walled
Springwood
Wood produced by vascular cambium in summer, when water is limited; smaller cells with
thicker walls
Summerwood
In secondary xylem (wood), the
growth ring formed in one
season
Annual ring
A part of a plant that makes sugars and
other organic compounds and from
which these compounds are
transported to other parts of the plant
Source
Any place where a plant stores or uses organic
nutrients, such as sugar or starches
Sink
The movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another
Translocation
An explanation for the movement of
carbohydrates in the phloem of plants; holds that carbohydrates are
actively transported into sieve tubes
Pressure-flow hypothesis
The process by which plants release water
vapor into the air through stomata; also the release of water vapor into the air by
other organisms
Transpiration
An explanation for the movement of water up the stem xylem of tall plants; states that water is pulled
up the xylem vessels by the cohesive force between the
water molecules and the adhesion of the water molecules to the rigid
vessel wallsCohesion-tension theory
An organ of climbing plants that grows in
spiral form and wraps around
another body to help support the
plantTendril
The broad, flat portion of a typical
leaf
Blade
The stalk that attaches a leaf to
the stem of a plant
Petiole
A leaf that has an undivided blade
Simple Leaf
A type of leaf in which the blade is
divided into leaflets
Compound leaf
One segment of a compound leaf
Leaflet
In leaves, the tissue between
epidermal layers, where
photosynthesis occurs
Mesophyll
In plants, the layer of vertically elongated cells
that contains chloroplasts, that is located beneath the upper epidermis of
leaves, and that participates in photosynthesis
Palisade mesophyll
Inside a leaf, the tissue that is made up of loosely
arranged parenchyma cells that contain
chloroplasts and are surrounded by air spaces
that promote the diffusion of oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and water throughout the leaf
Spongy mesophyll
In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports
fluids and nutrients
Vein
The arrangement of veins in a leaf
Venation
A parallel arrangement of veins; typical of
the leaves of monocots
Parallel venation
A nonparallel, branching network
of veins that is typical of the
leaves of dicots
Net venation
One of a pair of specialized cells
that border a stoma and
regulate gas exchange
Guard cell