Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

Ch 26 - FungiCh 26 - Fungi

In biology, a fungus that grows

in the form of a tangled mass of

filaments

Mold

A very small, unicellular fungus that

ferments carbohydrates into alcohol and carbon

dioxide; used to ferment beer and to

leaven bread and used as a source of vitamins

and proteinsYeast

A nonreproductive filament of a

fungus

Hypha

A carbohydrate that forms part of the exoskeleton of

arthropods and other organisms, such as

insects, crustaceans, fungi, and some algae

Chitin

The mass of fungal filaments, or

hyphae, that forms the body of a

fungus

Mycelium

A dividing wall, or partition, such as the wall between adjacent cells in

a fungal hypha, the internal wall between

adjacent s3egments of an annelid, and the thick wall between the right

and left chambers of the heartSeptum

Describes filaments that do

not have cell walls

Coenocyte

The ability of some organisms, such as

fungi, to exist in two forms, depending in

general on the temperature and

availability of nutrients

Dimorphism

A plant or fungal structure that

bears a sporangium or

spores

Sporangiophore

A specialized sac, case, capsule, or other structure that produces

spores

Sporangium

An asexual sore produced in certain fungi

Conidium

A type of hypha that bears asexual

spores called conidia

Conidiophore

In fungi, a reproductive process

in which septate hypha dry and

shatter and individual cells that

act as spores are released

Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction in

which a part of the parent organism pinches off and

forms a new organismBudding

A root-like structure in nonvascular

plants, such as mosses or

liverworts, that holds the plants in place and aids in

absorptionRhizoid

In plants, a creeping stem that can develop roots and shoots at its nodes or at its tip to form new individuals; the creeping hypha of some fungi that gives rise to new individuals

Stolon

A cell or an organ that produces

gametes

Gametangium

In members of the phylum Zygomycota, a sexual

structure that is formed by the fusion of two gametangia and that contains one or more zygotes that resulted

from the fusion of gametes produced by the

gametangiaZygosporangium

A structure that produces asexual

spores in basidiomycetes

Basidium

The part of a basidiomycete that produces

spores

Basidiocarp

An asexual spore formed by a

basidium

Basidiospore

The female sexual organ or cell in ascomycetes

Ascogonium

A reproductive structure that

produces male sex cells in flowerless

and seedless plants

Antheridium

The reproductive portion of an ascomycete

Ascocarp

The spore sac where

ascomycetes produce

ascospores

Ascus

A spore produced in an ascus by ascomycetes

Ascospore

A symbiotic association

between fungi and plant roots

Mycorrhize

A mass of cells formed by a fungus in symbiosis with a photosynthetic

partner (usually a cyanobacterium or green algae); lichen typically grow on nutrient-poor surfaces, such as rocks

and tree bark

Lichen

A toxic fungal poison that causes liver cancer; found as contaminants in

peanuts and corn; produced by a species

of the genus Aspergillus

Aflatoxin