vocabulary: making noticing and describing things or...
TRANSCRIPT
9/8/2016
1
Making Observations
Lab #2
Vocabulary: • Observation: the process of
noticing and describing things or events in a careful, orderly way (Data).
• Metric System: The measuring system used by scientists and most countries other than the United States and the UK.
Vocabulary: • Opaque: Unable to transmit light
• Transparent: Able to transmit light clearly so that an object can be
distinctly seen through a substance
• Translucent: semi-transparent
Focus Questions • How can we make useful
observations?
Hypothesis: “Answer the focus question
using complete sentences”
DATA: Object # Observations Object Name
1
2
3
4
5
9/8/2016
2
Conclusion: • What was the goal of this lab?
• Summarize what we did during this investigation.
• Describe something about your observations.
• What did you learn from
completing the investigation?
Observing Soil
Lab 3
Vocab: Soil: The layers of unconsolidated material found at the Earth’s surface.
Soil normally consists of:
weathered mineral particles, dead and living organic matter, air space, and associated moisture
Focus Question • What might be some
similarities and differences
between different types of
soil?
Hypothesis: “Write your answer to the focus
question using complete sentences”
DATA: Observations
Soil A Soil B Soil C
9/8/2016
3
Analysis: 1. Which soil was the lightest in color?
2. Which soil was the darkest in color?
3. Which soil seemed the most sandy?
4. Which soil had the highest amount of plant material? (ex: sticks etc..)
5. Out of the three soil types, which do you believe would be the best soil to
use for a garden? WHY?
Conclusion: • What was the goal of this lab?
• Summarize what we did during this lab.
• What did you learn after
completing the investigation?
Describing Soil Scientifically
Lab 4
Vocab: Texture:
Describes the size of the particles within soil. (grainy, silky, sticky)
Consistence:
Describes how easily soil clumps
can be broken apart. (loose, friable, firm)
Challenge: • How can we make scientific
observations about soil?
Hypothesis: • “Write your answer to the
focus question here”
9/8/2016
4
Key Concepts • Accurate and complete observations are
important for making conclusions about the natural world.
• Soil consists of weathered rocks and
decomposed organic material from dead plants, animals, and bacteria
• Soils have properties that can be described by color, consistence, and texture.
How to Collect Data
• What if the color of the soil
falls in between the colors
on the color chart?
How to Collect Data • Only a small amount of water is
needed in the texture test.
• Dip a finger in the water and then
dip the same finger in the soil.
• Rub your finger and thumb
together to feel the texture of the soil.
How to Collect Data Consistence Test
• Loose: easily crumbles apart with very little effort
• Friable: takes some effort to break clumps apart between thumb and forefinger
• Firm: Extremely difficult to break clumps apart between thumb and forefinger.
9/8/2016
5
Data: Soil Observations Soil Properties Soil
A Soil B
Soil C
Color
Consistence
Texture
Analysis: 1.The best soil for plants in a
garden is dark, silky soil that is loose or friable. Based on this description, which soil would be best for a garden, Soil A, B, or C. Explain.
Conclusions • What was the goal of the lab?
• Explain how you completed the lab/collected your data.
• What did you like/not like about the lab? What did you learn by
completing the lab?
Soil Composition Lab 5
Vocabulary: Decompose:
To break down either by physical or chemical means.
Nutrients:
Essential elements required by an organism to grow and reproduce
Vocabulary: Organic Matter:
Matter containing compounds that contain carbon atoms. In soil, decaying plants or animals provide
a source of organic matter.
9/8/2016
6
Vocabulary: Sand:
a loose substance of weathered rock particles. Largest particle of weathered
rock
Silt:
sediments smaller than sand but larger than clay.
Clay:
sediments that are smaller than both
sand and silt.
Vocabulary: Weathering
The breakup of rock caused by
mechanical or chemical processes.
VOCABULARY:
Composition
What something is made
of or its mix of ingredients.
9/8/2016
7
Focus Questions: • What is the role of organic
matter in soil?
Hypothesis: “I believe the role of organic material in soil is…”
Find page A-18
Stopping to Think: 1.
2.
3.
4.
Analysis: • Answer analysis questions #1-3 on
page A-23 in the textbook.
Conclusion: • What was the goal of the lab?
• What was the reading about?
• What did you learn from the reading that you did not know
before?
The Garden Problem
Lab 6
9/8/2016
8
Focus Question:
•What may be some
reasons why a plant
wouldn’t grow?
Hypothesis: • “Write your answer to the
focus question here”
Turn to page A-9
Analysis: 1. What is the difference between
scientific evidence and an opinion?
2. Your aunt tells you that she gets cold
when the temperature falls below 60 degrees. Does she mean degrees
Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit? How do you know?
60ºC = 140ºF
Conclusion: • Why do you think plants
won’t grow in the garden at
Chris’s school? Support
your ideas with evidence
from the reading.
The Dust Bowl
Lab 7
9/8/2016
9
Challenge: • What were the conditions
that caused the Dust Bowl?
• How were people’s lives
affected by the Dust Bowl?
Vocabulary • Dust Bowl: Name given to the plains of
the central United States in the 1930’s.
Severe drought and other factors created huge dust storms.
• Native: Occurring naturally in an
environment, indigenous
9/8/2016
10
Page A-33
Contour Plowing
Windbreaks Crop Rotation
Native Plants Analysis: 1. Describe what it was like to be in
the Dust Bowl.
2. A combination of conditions
caused the Dust Bowl. What were three things that contributed to the
Dust Bowl?
9/8/2016
11
Analysis: 3. How could the following actions
help prevent another Dust Bowl?
A. Keep soils Wet
B. Listen to weather reports
C. Plant tall trees along the edges of fields
D. Plant more native plants
Analysis: • Write agree or disagree with the
folowing questions.
4. People caused the dust bowl.
5. The Dust Bowl could have been
prevented
6. A similar type of dust storm could happen anywhere in the united states
Conclusion: • What was the purpose (goal)
of this activity? • Explain what you learned
about the Dust Bowl.
• Do you know anyone whose life has been affected by farms or farming?
Mapping Soils Lab 8
Vocabulary • Desert:
• A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures,
and sparse vegetation.
• Forest:
• a large wooded area having a
thick growth of trees and plants
Vocabulary • Grassland:
• An area, such as a prairie or meadow, of grass or grasslike
vegetation.
• Tropical grassland:
• A grassland that is warm all year
round. Located in humid climate regions.
9/8/2016
12
Focus Question • What compositions and
properties do soils from different environments have?
• Answer the focus question
Hypothesis
Page A-31
Desert Forest
Grassland Tropical Grassland
9/8/2016
13
DATA
Soil Type Characteristics
Desert
Forest
Grassland
Tropical Grassland
DATA
Soil Type Characteristics
Desert Dry, Sandy, Light in Color, Firm, Grainy
Forest
Grassland
Tropical Grassland
DATA
Soil Type Characteristics
Desert Dry, Sandy, Light in Color, Firm, Grainy
Forest Grayish to Reddish Brown, Loose Consistence, Very Moist
Grassland
Tropical Grassland
DATA
Soil Type Characteristics
Desert Dry, Sandy, Light in Color, Firm, Grainy
Forest Grayish to Reddish Brown, Loose Consistence, Very Moist
Grassland Rich in Nutrients, Reddish Brown, Loose, Silky
Tropical Grassland
DATA
Soil Type Characteristics
Desert Dry, Sandy, Light in Color, Firm, Grainy
Forest Grayish to Reddish Brown, Loose Consistence, Very Moist
Grassland Rich in Nutrients, Reddish Brown, Loose, Silky
Tropical Grassland Wet, Grayish Brown, Sticky Texture
Label Phoenix, AZ on your map
9/8/2016
14
Label Orlando, FL on your map Label your city or town
Analysis 1.Your friend from central
Nebraska calls you and says that the soil where she lives is
the same as the soil in Phoenix, AZ. Do you agree or disagree with her? Explain
Why.
NE
Analysis 2. Your friend from Orlando, FL
calls you and says that the soil where he lives is the
same as the soil where you live. Do you agree or disagree with him? Explain
Why.
Analysis 3. What category of soil
matches the soil in Orlando, FL? Explain your answer.
9/8/2016
15
Analysis 4. What type of soil is found in
Oklahoma?
Conclusion • What was the goal of this
activity?
• Explain what you did to
complete your soils map.
• What did you learn by completing the soil map?
Soil Columns Lab 9
FOCUS QUESTION:
• What percentage of soil is
made up of weathered
rocks?
HYPOTHESIS: • “Write your answer to the
focus question here”
MATERIALS: • 1 sample of soil A and soil B
• 1 cup of water
• 1 SEPUP tray
• 2 plastic tubes with caps
• 1 magnifying lens
• 1 graduated cup
• 1 graduated cylinder
• 1 plastic spoon
• 1 ruler
9/8/2016
16
Follow the Procedures on pages A-16 to A-17 in the
textbook.
Analysis: 1.How were the layers in Tube
A similar or different from
the layers in Tube B?
Support your answer with
your observations.
Analysis: 2.Were the particles at the
bottom of Tube B larger,
smaller, or the same size as
the particles at the top of
the bottom layer?
Analysis: 3.Which soil type contained a
higher percentage of
weathered rocks? Support
your answer with evidence
from this activity.
Analysis: 4. Which soil type contained
a higher percentage of
organic matter? Support
your answer with evidence
from this activity.
Conclusion: • What was the goal of this lab?
• Summarize what we did during this lab.
• What did you learn after completing the lab?
• What did you like/not like about
the activity?
9/8/2016
17
Organic Matter Test
Lab 10
Focus Question • How can we test for the exact
amount of organic matter found in soil?
Hypothesis: “Answer your focus question here”
DATA: Soil Sample Color After
Reaction Amount of Organic Matter
Soil A
Soil B
Control Tube
ANALYSIS: 1.What was the purpose of the
Control Tube C?
2.Does Soil A or Soil B contain
more organic matter?
3.What evidence do you have for your answer to question 2?
ANALYSIS: 4. Do you think your test results
explain why the garden didn’t grow? Explain your
ideas using the results from this activity as well as other activities from this unit.
9/8/2016
18
Conclusion: • Summarize what we did during this
investigation.
• Was your hypothesis correct?
• What did you learn after completing the investigation?
Garden Action Lab 10
Vocabulary: • Fertilizer:
• Material added to soil to increase its ability to grow plants.
• The most important nutrients that plants need are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
Vocabulary: • Trade-off:
• Getting one thing at the cost of another. Something that is given up when one alternative is chosen
over another.
Focus Question: • What is your solution or
recommendation to the problem at the school’s garden?
Prediction: • Write 3-5 sentences about how you will
fix the problem at the school’s garden.
• Think about everything we have discussed up to this point.
(soil types, nutrients, weather, ect.)
9/8/2016
19
Procedures: 1. Work in groups of 4.
2. Open the text to page A-50
3. Decide which group member will play
the roles shown on page A-51
4. Use student sheet 11.1 to write down
the advantages/disadvantages of each plan.
Conclusion: Writing a letter to the school principal
Letter example: • Dear Principal,
There is a lot of discussion about the issue of______________________________________ My decision is that______________________ I did not choose the option of_______ because_______________________________ My decision is based on the following evidence: First,____________________________________ Second,________________________________ Third,___________________________________ The trade-off(s) of my decision is (are)____ Sincerely, Your Name
Soils Test Review • Know your vocabulary! • Test is 35 questions long
• 20 multiple choice
• 5 true/false
• 7 matching (definitions)
• 3 short answer.
Soils Review Lab 10
SOILS REVIEW
• How easily soil clumps break apart is referred to as:
A. texture B. consistence C. weathering
D. decomposition
9/8/2016
20
SOILS REVIEW
• How easily soil clumps break apart is referred to as:
A. texture B. consistence C. weathering
D. decomposition
SOILS REVIEW
• Grainy soil would be composed mostly of this:
A. silt B. clay C. sand
D. organic matter
SOILS REVIEW
• Grainy soil would be composed mostly of this:
A. silt B. clay C. sand
D. organic matter
SOILS REVIEW
• A scientific observation:
A. is complete and accurate B. is based on personal opinion C. always includes measurements
D. always includes an inference
SOILS REVIEW
• A scientific observation:
A. is complete and accurate B. is based on personal opinion C. always includes measurements
D. always includes an inference
SOILS REVIEW
• Where is subsoil found?
A. above the topsoil B. below the bedrock C. below the topsoil
D. only on the east coast of the US
9/8/2016
21
SOILS REVIEW
• Where is subsoil found?
A. above the topsoil B. below the bedrock C. below the topsoil
D. only on the east coast of the US
SOILS REVIEW
• Forest soil is __________.
A. fertile farming soil B. made mostly of sand C. only found on the west coast of
the U.S. D. not very common in the U.S.
SOILS REVIEW
• Forest soil is __________.
A. fertile farming soil B. made mostly of sand C. only found on the west coast of
the U.S. D. not very common in the U.S.
SOILS REVIEW
• Correctly rank the particle sizes from smallest to largest. A. sand, silt, clay B. sand, clay, silt
C. silt, clay, sand D. clay, silt, sand
SOILS REVIEW
• Correctly rank the particle sizes from smallest to largest. A. sand, silt, clay B. sand, clay, silt
C. silt, clay, sand D. clay, silt, sand
SOILS REVIEW
• Which of the following provides missing nutrients to soil? A. manufactured fertilizers B. natural fertilizers C. organic matter D. all of the above
9/8/2016
22
SOILS REVIEW
• Which of the following provides missing nutrients to soil? A. manufactured fertilizers B. natural fertilizers C. organic matter D. all of the above
SOILS REVIEW
• Information gained by direct observations is called A. Evidence B. Data
C. Both data and evidence D. None of the above
SOILS REVIEW
• Information gained by direct observations is called A. Evidence B. Data
C. Both data and evidence D. None of the above
SOILS REVIEW
• Which of the following is able to decompose. A. Rock B. Mineral
C. Plant matter D. Water
SOILS REVIEW
• Which of the following is able to decompose. A. Rock B. Mineral
C. Plant matter D. Water
SOILS REVIEW
• Which of the following is NOT a reason to why a plant might die? A. Not enough water B. Not enough sunlight C. Too much water D. Too much air