vocabulary list activities of daily living adapt – to accommodate alzheimer’s disease ambulate...
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Vocabulary ListActivities of Daily LivingAdapt – to accommodateAlzheimer’s diseaseAmbulateAphasiaDebilitate – To sap the strength or energy of, to make weakDegenerative – gradual deterioration along with loss of functionDementiaDiseaseDisabilityDisorientationDysphagiaHemiplegiaParalysisProgressive – to become more severe
What is a disease?
any condition that interferes with the
normal function of the body
examples of diseases in the elderly diabetes heart disease emphysema arthritis
osteoporosis
What is a disability?
a physical or mental defect or handicap that interferes with normal functions
Examples of disabilities in the elderly hearing impairments visual defects the inability to walk
Disabilities can…
Result from a disease Result from an injury Affect anyone Can be permanent Can be life altering
Physical and mental changes:
Communication skills (aphasia) Sensory awareness Ability to think and comprehend Ability to move and ambulate Ability to eliminate waste Ability to swallow (dysphagia) Sexual activity
Emotional Changes:
Self esteem Self confidence Self image Depression
Disabilities cause losses in…
Relationships Earning power/income Ability to be a useful citizen Independence Privacy Home
To sum it up,disability results in a
loss of
Independence
What can a disabled individual do?What can a disabled individual do?
They must learn to adaptadapt to the disability.
This often results in frustration and depression.
Healthcare workers role is to be understanding,
supportive, and assist with adaptations.
(Not to do everything for the patient)(Not to do everything for the patient)
Many patients with disabilities Many patients with disabilities have difficulty performing have difficulty performing
activities of daily living (ADL’s)activities of daily living (ADL’s)• ADL’sADL’s – daily activities
necessary to meet basic human needs
• Ex- bathing, grooming, oral hygiene, elimination, dressing, food preparation and feeding, communicating with other.
To assist with loss of function and regain ability to care for
oneself, individuals often seek care in the area of rehabilitation.
The goal of rehabilitation is for The goal of rehabilitation is for the patient to reach their the patient to reach their
maximum potential and to and to function as function as independentlyindependently as as
possible.possible.
4 Areas of Rehabilitation
• Physical Therapy
• Occupational Therapy
• Speech Therapy
• Psychotherapy
Physical Therapy
Restores body functions, focuses on strength, ambulation, movement and balance
Occupational Therapy
Restores ability to perform purposeful activities, ADL’s
Speech Therapy
Restores the ability to communicate, eat, drink and swallow
Psychotherapy
Deals with inappropriate behavior patterns, improves interpersonal relationships, and helps resolve inner conflicts
Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapy all encourage
the use of Assistive Devices• Help resident be more independent
• Allow them to perform activities they otherwise could not perform
Examples of assistive devices: walker, wheelchair, shower chair,
modified silverware, etc.
Assistive devices: biotechnology that enhances peoples lives.
When working with individuals with disabilities:
• Encourage patients to try or attempt ADL’s
• Allow patients to make choices
• Be patient and allow adequate time
• Offer assistive devices
Remember…
The goal is to promote independence and reach their maximum level of functioning.
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis• Progressive
neurological disease• Affects the brain and
spinal cord (CNS)• Results in weakness,
visual disturbances, and muscle coordination
• Affects the entire body, including emotional stability
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease• Progressive neurological
disease• Decrease in dopamine, a
chemical that transmits nerve impulses
• Causes tremors, shuffling gait, masklike face, forward flexion of trunk, muscle rigidity, weakness
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
Cerebrovascular Accident Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)(Stroke)
• Blood clot obstructs flow in the brain or
• Blood vessel in brain can rupture or hemorrhage
• Paralysis, hemiplegia, speech impairments, memory loss
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
DementiaDementia• Loss of mental abilityLoss of mental ability• Decrease in intellectDecrease in intellect• Loss of memoryLoss of memory• Impaired judgmentImpaired judgment• Personality changesPersonality changes• DisorientationDisorientation• This is a general term This is a general term
basically describing symptoms basically describing symptoms that may be caused by many that may be caused by many diseases or disordersdiseases or disorders
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
InjuriesInjuries• Spinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Cord Injuries
• Head/Brain InjuryHead/Brain Injury
• AmputationAmputation
• Loss of functionLoss of function
Debilitating Illnesses and Injuries
Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease• Progressive irreversible
disease of the brain• Memory loss• Disorientation• Deterioration of intellectual
function• Deterioration of speech• Deterioration of ambulation
Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s DiseaseEarly Stage
• Self-centered• Decreased interest in social
activities• Memory loss, mood and
personality changes• Depression• Poor judgment• Confusion
Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s DiseaseMiddle Stage
• Wandering• Personal hygiene is ignored• Difficulty performing ADL’s• Repetitive behavior• Decrease in ability to understand
others and to speak coherently• Weight loss• Paranoia• Requires full-time supervision
Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s DiseaseLate or Terminal Stage
• Total disorientation to person, place, time
• Unable to communicate with words
• Loss of bowel and bladder control
• Weight loss
• Totally dependent
• Finally lapses into a coma before death
Alzheimer’s Care: Focus is on Alzheimer’s Care: Focus is on Providing a Safe and Secure Providing a Safe and Secure
EnvironmentEnvironment• Dangerous
objects out of reach
• Secure doors
• Follow routines
• Simple activities
• Calm, quiet environment
• Familiar objects
Regardless of the cause of disease or disability, always
remember to…
1.Promote the patient’s Independence
2.Maintain the patient’s Dignity