VocabularyVocabularyLaw of conservation of energyLaw of conservation of energy - Energy (E) CANNOT be - Energy (E) CANNOT be created or destroyed, only changed in form!!!created or destroyed, only changed in form!!!

EnergyEnergy = property of an object /system that enables it to = property of an object /system that enables it to do workdo work

Mechanical energyMechanical energy - due to position or the movement - due to position or the movement (PE, KE or sum of the two)(PE, KE or sum of the two)

Chemical energyChemical energy - atoms, ions, and molecules and bonds - atoms, ions, and molecules and bonds

Electrical energyElectrical energy - associated with current and voltage - associated with current and voltage

Thermal energy (heat)Thermal energy (heat) - the movement of molecules - the movement of molecules

Light energyLight energy - associated with electromagnetic waves - associated with electromagnetic waves

Sound energySound energy - associated longitudinal mechanical waves - associated longitudinal mechanical waves

PS-6.1 Explain how the PS-6.1 Explain how the law of conservation of law of conservation of energy applies to the energy applies to the

transformation of various transformation of various forms of energy forms of energy

(including mechanical (including mechanical energy, electrical energy, energy, electrical energy,

chemical energy, light chemical energy, light energy, sound energy, energy, sound energy, and thermal energy).and thermal energy).

Law of conservation of Law of conservation of energyenergy

Energy (E) CANNOT be Energy (E) CANNOT be created or destroyed, only created or destroyed, only changed in form!!!changed in form!!!

E can be transformed from E can be transformed from one form to another, but one form to another, but the total amount never the total amount never changes! changes!

E in = E outE in = E out

EnergyEnergy

Energy = property of Energy = property of an object /system that an object /system that enables it to do workenables it to do work

If you consider the If you consider the whole system, total whole system, total amount of energy amount of energy never changesnever changes

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy– Mechanical energyMechanical energy - due to - due to

position or the movement position or the movement (PE, KE or sum of the two)(PE, KE or sum of the two)

– Chemical energyChemical energy - atoms, - atoms, ions, and molecules and ions, and molecules and bondsbonds

will change to another form of will change to another form of E during chemical reactionE during chemical reaction

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

–Electrical energyElectrical energy - - associated with associated with current and voltagecurrent and voltage

–Thermal energyThermal energy (heat) (heat) - the movement of - the movement of moleculesmolecules

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

–Light energyLight energy - associated - associated with electromagnetic with electromagnetic waveswaves

–Sound energySound energy - associated - associated longitudinal mechanical longitudinal mechanical waves waves

KEY CONCEPT!!!!!KEY CONCEPT!!!!!

Different kinds of energy Different kinds of energy can change from one form can change from one form to another without to another without changing the total amount changing the total amount of energy!!!!of energy!!!!

Example: Example:

Electric circuit with a battery and a Electric circuit with a battery and a light bulb burninglight bulb burning – Chemical energy changes to electric Chemical energy changes to electric

energy energy – Electric energy flows through the Electric energy flows through the

light bulb and turns electric energy to light bulb and turns electric energy to light and heat light and heat

– Energy in = energy outEnergy in = energy out

Please Explain to ME!!!!!!Please Explain to ME!!!!!!What type of E transformations occur when a baseball What type of E transformations occur when a baseball is thrown to another ball player????is thrown to another ball player????– Player gets ________ from food and changes it to Player gets ________ from food and changes it to

___________ when throws the ball ___________ when throws the ball – The work done on the ball converts the energy of the The work done on the ball converts the energy of the

arm movement to ____________ of the moving ballarm movement to ____________ of the moving ball– When the second player catches the ball, the ball When the second player catches the ball, the ball

does work on the player’s hand and glove giving does work on the player’s hand and glove giving them some _____________ them some _____________

– The player that catches the ball absorbs the energy The player that catches the ball absorbs the energy of the ball and this energy turns to ____________. of the ball and this energy turns to ____________.

– The total heat produced is _________ to the energy The total heat produced is _________ to the energy used to throw the ball.used to throw the ball.

Review!!!Review!!!

What does the law of conservation of What does the law of conservation of energy state?energy state?

When energy changes from one state When energy changes from one state to another, what happens to the total to another, what happens to the total amount of energy in the system?amount of energy in the system?

What is defined as the property of an What is defined as the property of an object /system that enables it to do object /system that enables it to do work?work?

Determine the type of energy being Determine the type of energy being described!!described!!

•energy due to position or the movement (PE, KE or sum of the two)•energy associated with atoms, ions, and molecules and bonds•energy associated with current and voltage•energy associated with the movement of molecules•energy associated with electromagnetic waves•energy associated longitudinal mechanical waves

Determine what type of energy Determine what type of energy transformation is taking place!transformation is taking place!

•When you eat food•When you hit a baseball•When you plug in a light•When you go for a run and start to sweat•When a windmill produces the electricity to run a farm

VocabularyVocabularyMechanical energy (ME)-Mechanical energy (ME)- due to due to position or the movement (PE, KE or position or the movement (PE, KE or sum of the two)sum of the two)

Gravitational potential energyGravitational potential energy (GPE)- (GPE)- Energy of positionEnergy of position

Kinetic energyKinetic energy (KE)– Energy of (KE)– Energy of motionmotion

PS-6.2PS-6.2 Explain the Explain the factors that determine factors that determine potential and kinetic potential and kinetic energy and the energy and the transformation of one to transformation of one to the other.the other.

Remember - Mechanical Remember - Mechanical energy is due to the position energy is due to the position of something or the of something or the movement of something. movement of something.

Mechanical energy can be Mechanical energy can be potential, kinetic or the sum potential, kinetic or the sum of the two.of the two.

Gravitational Potential Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)Energy (GPE)

Energy of positionEnergy of position

greater when the height is greater when the height is greatergreater

greater when the weight of the greater when the weight of the object is greaterobject is greater

Kinetic Energy (KE)Kinetic Energy (KE)energy of motionenergy of motion

greater when the speed greater when the speed is greateris greater

greater when the mass greater when the mass of the object is greater.of the object is greater.

Potential energy: energy of positionPotential energy: energy of position

Where does the boulder have the most PE?KE?Where is it even?

Describe the energy Describe the energy conversions in this conversions in this picture:picture:

At the top: At the top:

¼ of the way down:¼ of the way down:

½ way down:½ way down:

¾ down¾ down

At the bottom:At the bottom:

Is the sum of KE + PE a Is the sum of KE + PE a constant?constant?

Where are PE and KE Where are PE and KE maximums in this maximums in this

picture?picture?

Kinetic and potential energy Kinetic and potential energy convert to one anotherconvert to one another

KE max KE max

no PE no PE

PE maxno KE

PE max

no KE

ReviewReviewWhat type of energy are What type of energy are GPE and KE?GPE and KE?

What is the energy of What is the energy of position?position?

What is the energy of What is the energy of motion?motion?

What 2 factors affect GPE?What 2 factors affect GPE?

What 2 factors affect KE?What 2 factors affect KE?