Vocabulary for Today….Vocabulary for Today….

1.Nucleotide

2.Nucleic Acid

3.DNA

Atoms of elements (C,H,O,P,N)

Nucleotides -3 parts:a.phosphate b.sugar c.nitrogen base

Nucleic Acids - 2 types: a.RNA b.DNA

Gene- sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome that code for one

characteristicChromosomes- long thread like group of

genes found in the nucleusNucleus

Cell

HEREDITARY INFORMATION CONTROLS LIFE PROCESSES

All these create HEREDITY(Chemical instructions passed from parents to the offspring at reproduction)

NUCLEOTIDESGeneral Structure:

NitrogenBase

Sugar Phosphate

A. Phosphate

• Supplies “NRG” (energy) for:1. Making Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA) Molecules

which create HEREDITY for the organism

2. Replication- making exact copies of Nucleic Acids

3. Protein Synthesis

STRUCTURE OF NUCLEOTIDES:

B. Nitrogen Bases:• Adenine• Guanine• Thymine (DNA) or Uracil (RNA)• Cytosine

• Ribose:– 5-Carbon Sugar

(Pentose)– Has one more Oxygen

than deoxyribose

• Deoxyribose– 5-Carbon Sugar

(Pentose)– Has one less Oxygen

than ribose

C. Sugars: 2 types

• Nucleotides are “Building Blocks” for the 2 types of Nucleic Acids

A. Deoxyribonucleotides

- Make DNA:

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

- Types of Nitrogen Bases:

B. Ribonucleotides

- Make RNA:

RiboNucleic Acid

- Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Adenine (A)

Uracil (U)

1. RNA has Ribose sugar

2. RNA Has Uracil

- Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G)

Adenine (A)

Thymine (T)

- 2 Chemical differences between DNA and RNA are:

1. DNA has Deoxyribose sugar

2. DNA Has Thymine

NB D P NB R P

Heredity is established by…

…The number and sequence of the nucleotides. This is how we get our genetic diversity.

Review!

• What are the building blocks for nucleic acids?– Nucleotides!

• What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids?– DNA & RNA

• What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?– Phosphate – 5-Carbon Sugar

• (Deoxyribose or ribose)

– Nitrogen Base