Chapter 3: THE EARTH SYSTEMLearning Target Vocabulary Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/PictureLesson 1

I can identify and describe the main components of the Earth system . . .

system a group of ______ that work together to

perform a __________ or produce a result

There is a _________flow of ________ through

different parts of the Earth, like the water cycle and rock cycle.

energy the ability to do________ Energy that drives the Earth system has two main sources: heat

from the ____and heat flowing out of Earth as

it________.

atmosphere relatively ____ envelope or layer of ________ that forms Earth’s outermost

layer

78%__________, 21%________, 1% other

gases

geosphere the _____ core, _____middle layer and

______outer layer of the Earth

hydrosphere all of the Earth’s ________including

_______________ and _____________________

Surface water: __ % Fresh water in rivers,

lakes, streams, ponds, and glaciers, ___% salt

water in oceans.

biosphere the parts of Earth that contain _________

______________

I can summarize the effects of

constructive and destructive forces . . .

constructive forces

forces that shape the land’s surface by

____________ mountains and other land masses.

Ex. __________ spew lava that hardens into

rock; ___________ can lift up mountains and

rocks.

Destructive forces

forces that __________ and _________away

landmasses by ___________ or _________.

Ex. ________ – wearing down and carrying

away of land by water, _____ or ________.

Lesson 2

I can explain how geologists learn

about Earth’s inner structures . .

.

rock samplessamples of rock brought up from _______holes 12.3 km deep or from volcanoes blasting ____ from 100 km deep.

This is ________ evidence.

seismic waveswaves produced

by___________, the speed & __________ they take give clues about Earth’s ______________

This is ________ evidence.

I can identify the characteristics of

Earth’s crust, mantle, and core, & describe how

temperature and pressure change inside Earth. . .

pressure a __________ pressing down on an area

The deeper down inside Earth, the __________

the pressure. (Temperature also

increases)

crust layer of rock that forms Earth’s ___________ skin

Main elements are ___________ &

__________, varies from 5-40 km for most areas,

up to 80 km for mountains,

__________on ocean floor.

basalt _______, ________-grained rock

__________ crust is much like basalt

granite _______, ________-grained rock

_________ crust is much like granite

mantle a layer of hot, ________ rock found under the

crust.

About __________ km thick, made up of

layers.

lithosphere _________ and uppermost part of the

__________

Strong, hard, rigid rock.

asthenosphere

below the ________, hotter and more

___________

Less rigid area of rock, can bend

mesosphere below the________________, includes the lower

__________

Hot and more rigid

outer core layer of molten (melted) _________

surrounding the inner core, below the mantle.

Liquid - 2,558 km thick

inner core __________ ball of solid metal (________ &

________)

Radius of ball is 1,222 km thick.

Lesson 3

I can explain how heat is

transferred . . .

radiation transfer of energy that is carried in

______________rays like light

Ex. Outside of car gets hot from sun’s rays

conduction heat transfer between materials that are

__________ each other

Ex. When you touch the door handle of the car, the heat is felt by your hand.

convection heat transfer by the movement of a ________

(liquid or ______)

Ex. When you open the car door, hot air rushes out to warm you.

I can describe convection currents in Earth’s mantle . . .

convection currents

The flow that transfers ________within a fluid. Heating and cooling a

fluid changed the __________ and the force

of gravity to cause a convection current to

have __________.

Heat from the core and mantle cause

___________ currents in the mantle. Warm rock ______ (____ density) &

cool rock _____ (________ density)

Learning Targets Chapter 3

Lesson 1

I can identify and describe the main components of the Earth system. . .

The Earth system has four main spheres: the _________________________, the _________________, the ______________________m and the _____________________________.

As a major source of energy for Earth processes, the _______ can be considered part of the Earth system as well.

I can summarize the effects of constructive and destructive forces . . .

Lands are constantly being created and ______________ by competing forces. _________________________ forces shape the land’s surface by building up ________________________ and other landmasses. _________________________ forces destroy and wear away landmasses through processes like ___________________ and ________________________.

Lesson 2

I can explain how geologists learn about Earth’s inner structures . . .

Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior: direct evidence from _________________________________ and indirect evidence from _______________________________.

I can identify the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core, and describe how temperature and pressure change inside Earth . . .

The deeper down inside Earth, the ________________ the pressure. The ______________________ inside Earth _______________ as depth increases.

The three main layers of the Earth are the ______________________, _____________________ and ____________________. The ________________ is a layer of solid rock that includes dry ______________ and ocean ________________. The

________________ is about 3,000 km thick and is made of very _________, _____________ rock. The ________________ is mostly _______________ and nickel. It consists of a _________________ outer core and a _________________ inner core.

Lesson 3

I can explain how heat is transferred . . .There are three types of heat transfer, _________________________, ___________________________ and __________________________.

I can describe convection currents in Earth’s mantle . . .

Heating and cooling of a fluid, changes the fluid’s _________________________ and the force of _________________ combine to set ______________________ ____________________ in motion

Heat from the _____________ and the ________________ itself causes convection currents in the mantle.