Vitamins deficiency of disease

M.VenkateshI M Sc Botany

Vitamins Vitamins are complex organic compounds,

whose presence in trace amount in the food is essential for growth and other physiological activities. Vitamins do not have any energy value. However they are essential for controlling energy yielding processes.

Types of vitamins :A, B, C, D, E, & K.

Deficiency of vitamin A

• Xerosis• Xeropthalmia • Keratomalacia• Bitot’s spot• Nyctalopia• Diarrhoea• Kidney stone • Reduction in tear secretion

Deficiency of vitamin B1

• Beriberi• Cardiac failure• Loss of appetite• Fatigue• Irritability

Deficiency of vitamin B2

• Photophobia• Cheilosis• Seborrhic dermatitis• Poor growth• Gastro-intestinal symptoms• Loss of appetite• Sore tongue

Deficiency of vitamin B3

• Diarrhea• Dermatitis• Pellagra-dementia• The tongue becomes smooth, red and

painful.

Deficiency of vitamin B6

• Dermatitis• Fissures appear• Microcytic anemia• Convulsions• Irritability

Deficiency of vitamin B12-Cobalamin

• pernicious anaemia• Typical sore tongue • neurological problems • Reduced growth

Deficiency of vitamin C

• scurvy • bleeding gums loosening • falling out of teeth • In the absence of this vitamin the collagen

and connective tissue proteins are not synthesised properly.

Deficiency of vitamin D-Calciferol

• Rickets• Osteomalacia• Disturbs in calcium & – Phosphorus adsorption

Deficiency of vitamin E-Tocopherol

• Premature• Rare in human• Sterility in experimental animals• Heart disorders

Deficiency of vitamin K-phylloquinone

• Defect in blood coagulation• Haemorrhagic manifestations.• Lack of prothrombin

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