vitamins badil lecturer - karachi, pakistan...by the end of this lecture, the students will be able...
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Vitamins
Badil Lecturer
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By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:
Define vitamin List the types of vitaminsExplain the functions, sources, deficiency disorders of vitamins
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VitaminsNon-caloric organic nutrientsNeeded in very small amountsNutrients that body does not make on its own.Facilitators – help body processes proceed; digestion, b i b li habsorption, metabolism, growth etc.
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Fat soluble vitaminsFat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Found in the fats and oils of foodThese are not readily excreted from the body.The four fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins
ADEKK
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Water soluble vitaminsWater-soluble vitamins travel in the bloodNot stored in the body and toxicity is rare.Found in vegetables, fruit and grains, meatThese are readily excreted from the body through y y gurine
Vitamin CVitamin B complex
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Fat soluble vitamins Vitamin-A
3 forms: retinol (stored in liver), retinal, retinoic acid
Regulation of gene expressionPart of the visual pigment rhodopsin, maintains clarity of cornea Required for cell growth and division - epithelial cells, bones and teethPromotes development of immune cells, especially “Natural Killer Cells”A i idAntioxidant
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Vitamin A deficiency causes: Night blindness, xerophthalmia (keratin deposits in cornea), macular degeneration.Skin and mucous membrane dryness infectionAnemiaBlurred visionDevelopmental defects – bones, teeth, immune system
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Vitamin DPrecursor is cholesterol, converted by UV from sunlight exposure Increases calcium absorption in bone, intestines, kidney. Promotes bone growth and maintenanceDRI 5 micrograms/day for agesDRI – 5 micrograms/day for ages
Deficiencies: Rickets (children)Rickets (children)Osteomalacia (adults)
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Rickets disease
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Snapshot 7-2, p, 223
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Vitamin E – tocopherolVitamin E – tocopherolDRI 15 milligrams/day
DeficiencyPremature babies – fragile RBCs (hemolysis)g ( y )Loss of muscle coordination, vision, immune functions
Toxicities (more than 1000 milligrams/day)
Increases the effects of anticoagulants (Coumadin, Warfarin)
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Vitamin KIt is produced from liver It is produced by bacteria in large intestine
Functions
Promotes synthesis of blood clottingBone formation
• DRI: 90(women) – 120(men) micrograms/day
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Water soluble vitamins Vitamin -C
It is called as ascorbic acid It promotes healing It increases immunity Deficiency – Scurvy y y
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B complex
Tender Romance Never Fails with 6 to 12Beautiful Pearls
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B complex ThiaminRiboflavinNiacinFolate B6
BB12
BiotinPantothenic acid)Pantothenic acid)
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NiacinNiacin – can be produced from the amino acid tryptophan.
Functions: energy metabolismDeficiencies: Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death)death)DRI 14(women) -16(men) mg/day
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FolateFolate
Functions : required for synthesis of DNA – pregnancyDRI 400 milligrams/dayDeficiencies
AnemiaDecreased immunityDecreased digestive and cardiovascular functionColon and cervical cancers
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Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (requires intrinsic factor for absorption)Functions : works with folate, part of insulating sheath
daround nerves.DRI 2.3 micrograms/dayDeficiencies:Deficiencies:
Pernicious anemiaParalysisParalysisNerve damage in fetus
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Biotin and Pantothenic acidBiotin and Pantothenic acid
Roles:
Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteinsSynthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, hemoglobin
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