vitales, julian patrick m. part 1, 2, 3 and related appendices.pdf

8/10/2019 Vitales, Julian Patrick M. Part 1, 2, 3 and Related Appendices.pdf

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Manila Hall of Justice, moving towards the future of justice:Designing an exceptional modern facility that will

set the bar of the judicial system

of the country

A Thesis Presented to the

School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment

Mapua Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 11/ AR200/ AR200S

for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

Presented by

Vitales, Julian Patrick M.

2005150840

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap, MSAE

Adviser

DECEMBER 2014


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CHAPTER 1.1

INTRODUCTION:

A Hall of Justice is an occasional term for a city'spolice headquarters, and exists in cities

across theUnited States.In some cases, the facility may also housecourts as well asjails.In some

US cities, the Hall of Justice is called the Justice Center.

In the Philippines not all of the cities have their own Hall of Justice. Some only have small

courthouses located on different parts of the city. While others have their own Hall of Justice but

lacks supporting facilities and amenities that may even help the employees to improve their work

efficiency.

Here in Manila. According to the Supreme Court, they have no Hall of Justice instead they

have small courthouses scattered within Manila and most of them are only renting spaces. Now they

are requesting to have a centralized Hall of Justice in order to have easier access and become a more

distinct structure in Manila.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

Manila is the capital of the Philippines so it is only right for them to have their own Hall of

Justice that can become a landmark of the city. As of today Manila has only small courthouses located

on different parts of the city and most of them are only renting. In addition most of the courthouse is

either old or outdated and needs improvement. The purpose of this study is to design anexceptional

modern facility that will set the bar of the judicial system of the country and to be able to centralize

all the courts of Manila.

- What architectural spaces will be provided in order for the employees to work more

effectively?

- What factors must be considered in order to give the structure a healthy environment?

- Where in Manila is the best place to house and centralize all the courthouses in order for it to

become a landmark that is easy to access for all walks of life.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police


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PROJECT, GOALS, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES

The main objective of this study is to design and improve the facility by integrating additional

spaces that will further help the office in providing quality service. Another objective is to transform

the structure into a work of art that will be the benchmark of all government offices in the near

future. Lastly is to improve the surroundings to have a more welcoming feeling to area.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

This study will mainly benefit the government because they can use this as reference for

future designs of other government buildings. The study will also benefit the users for they are the

first had who will experience the changes once the proposal becomes a reality.

Lastly this study will benefit the students and researchers so they can use this for further

research and guide in designing government facilities.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:

This study will only cover the designing of a new Manila Hall of Justice and integration of

other spaces deemed necessary with respect to plans and design. This study does not cover detailed

structural design, building utility and other electrical works.

ASSUMPTIONS:

This study will help the government in setting a good example in designing sustainable and

quality structures. Constructing a new Hall of Justice for Manila will definitely have an impact

regarding the judicial state of the city. It will also make it a lot easy for people and employees

because it will only be located in one single area, unlike the current court houses of Manila today

where they are scattered around the city.


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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

These factors will help in modernizing the facility while being able to preserve the GSIS building :

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

Courthouse - is a building that is home to a local court of law and often the regional county

government as well, although this is not the case in some larger cities. The term is common in North

America.In most other English speaking countries, buildings which house courts of law are simply

called "courts" or "court buildings". In most of Continental Europe and former non-English speaking

European colonies, the equivalent term is a palace of justice

Problem:

Proposed new

Manila Hall of Justice

Benefits of thecommunity

Data gathering: site

visit, survey and

interview

Gathering related studies

about courthouses

Design through Sustainability

and innovation.

Space Factors and

considerations

Site planning and

evaluation

Site visit at existing

courthouses:

observation and

photo

documentation

Conducting surveys

and interview on

people with aknowledge on

courthouse

Related study: Eco

Supreme Court in New

Zealand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court


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CHAPTER 1.2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE:

People spend about 90 percent of their time indoors. That may be a bad thing: In some

buildings, the indoor air can be two to five times more polluted than outside air. The good news is

that facility executives have the ability to control and even improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) of

buildings. (Taylor Gonsoulin and Tony Worthan- February 2009)

Poor IAQ has two primary adverse consequences: poor occupant health and financial loss.

Short-term health consequences include asthma and allergy attacks, headaches, flu-like symptoms,

and irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Long-term health consequences are potentially more

serious. They may include respiratory and neurological diseases and even cancer. The monetary costs

of remediating IAQ problems can reach into the millions of dollars, depending on the size of the

building and the cause of the problem. (Taylor Gonsoulin and Tony Worthan- February 2009)

The most important andcost-effective element of an efficientheating, ventilating, and air

conditioning (HVAC) system is awell-insulated building.A more efficient building requires less heat

generating or dissipating power, but may require more ventilation capacity to expel polluted indoor

air.

This is almost the same in most of the courthouses wherein most of the facilities are old and

outdated and the spaces are becoming too small to cater the growing needs of the community. Aside

from proper ventilation being used in the court another thing that may be considered is how the

structure will become more energy sufficient to avoid using a lot of power and be able to conserve

energy.Energy efficiency over the entire life cycle of a building is the single most important goal of

sustainable architecture.Architects use many different techniques to reduce the energy needs of

buildings and increase their ability to capture or generate their own energy.

The idea is to design a zero-energy building also known as a zero net energy (ZNE)

building, net-zero energy building (NZEB), or net zero building, is a building with zero net energy

consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly

equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site. These buildings still produce

greenhouse gases because on cloudy (or non-windy) days, at night when the sun isn't shining, and

on short winter days, conventional grid power is still the main energy source. Because of this, most
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-effectivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_insulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_qualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_insulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-effectiveness


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zero net energy buildings still get half or more of their energy from the grid. Buildings that produce a

surplus of energy over the year may be called "energy-plus buildings"and buildings that consume

slightly more energy than they produce are called "near-zero energy buildings" or "ultra-low energy

houses". (Wikipedia.org)

Another approach that can be applied to the proposed study is solar harvesting and/or wind

harvesting.To be cost-effective, any source of power has to produce more energy than it consumes.

Oil companies would hardly turn a profit, for example, if extracting a barrel of oil required the energy

output of a second barrel of oil.

The same holds true of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Though renewable projects

pay the lion's share of both their energetic and financial costs up front, they still have to recover

those costs over a lifetime of service and continue to produce value if they are to yield a net-energy

surplus.

Thanks to dramatic improvements in the manufacture of both wind and solar technologies,

that appears to be more than possible. A newstudypublished in the journal Energy & Environmental

Sciencefinds that wind and solar not only produce enough power to be energetically sustainable but

could support grid-scale energy storage as well.

"What we're saying is that theoretically, it is now theoretically possible to have this perfect world

that's just based on wind and solar," said Charles Barnhart, a postdoctoral scholar with the Global

Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University and a co-author of the study. Rather than using

existing "stock" fuels like fossil fuels, he said, renewables put out enough excess energy to fuel their

own expansion.

While the majority of deployed renewables yield surplus benefits, those benefits aren't

necessarily equal, said Sally Benson, a professor of energy resources engineering at Stanford

University and co-author of the study, in a release from the institution.

"Within a few months, a wind turbine generates enough electricity to pay back all of the energy it

took to build it," she said. "But some photovoltaics have an energy payback time of almost two

years." (Nathanael Massey and Nature Magazine, March 21, 2014)

Aside from this approaches another best way to achieve sustainability is by promoting natural

ventilation. Natural ventilation is a key component of the passive design systems embodied in the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-plus-househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_energy_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_energy_househttp://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ee/c3ee42125b#!divAbstracthttp://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ee/c3ee42125b#!divAbstracthttp://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ee/c3ee42125b#!divAbstracthttp://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/ee/c3ee42125b#!divAbstracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_energy_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_energy_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-plus-house


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work of Architectus as part of our commitment to provide thermal comfort and a healthy indoor

environment through the sustainable use of natural resources.

Along Australias seaboard and throughout most of New Zealand a temperate oceanic climate

prevails. Warm to hot summers and mild winters generally provide favourable conditions for natural

ventilation in buildings.

Natural ventilation relies on pressure differential to deliver fresh air into buildings. This

differential can be wind generated or a result of the stack effect (buoyancy effect) of warm air rising.

Wind creates positive pressure on the windward side of buildings and negative pressure on the

leeward side. Pressure equalisation between the two provides horizontal cross ventilation of floor

plates. Wind driven natural ventilation requires a relatively direct and unobstructed route between the

windward side and leeward side of a building. Extreme wind conditions need to be moderated.

The stack effect is achieved through vertical separation of supply and exhaust openings. As air warms

its buoyancy increases. By purging hot air at high level cooler fresh air is drawn into the building at

low level. Buoyancy induced natural ventilation can be achieved through high and low level openings

within individual spaces or by linking a series of spaces to a vertical air path such as stair shafts,

thermal chimneys or open atria, therefore allowing fresh air to be drawn deep into a building.

General guidelines recommend single sided natural ventilation for spaces of up to 6m depth or with a

ratio of no more than 2.5 times depth to height. Double sided natural ventilation is typically

recommended for spaces of up to 12m depth. (architectus, 2014)

Natural ventilation needs to consider the following:

Climate - external air temperature and humidity range

Prevailing wind direction

Surrounding form of landscape and built environment

Adverse impact of noise and other forms of pollution

Building use and occupancy

Thermal comfort temperature range


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Sample of Natural Ventilation

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES:

New Zealand's Eco Supreme Court Building


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The newSupreme Court of New Zealand is a stunning feat of architecture that embodies the

country's traditions and history while serving as a model of sustainability. Located in Wellington, the

civic building was inspired by native plants of New Zealand and makes use of local and sustainable

materials throughout its construction. New Zealand-based,Warren & Mahoney designed the building

along with the renovation of the adjacent High Court building, and they were recently awarded a Gold

Best Award for their work.

- The new Supreme Court Building was completed in 2004 along with the renovation of the old

High Court building.

- The recycled metal shade screen provides privacy, sun shading, glare control and protection

from the weather on the second story.

- The paneled courtroom is made up of 2294 silver beech panels angled and shaped to

enhance acoustics.
http://courtsofnz.govt.nz/about/supreme/the-supreme-court-complexhttp://www.warrenandmahoney.com/http://bestawards.co.nz/entries/spatial/the-supreme-court-of-new-zealand/http://bestawards.co.nz/entries/spatial/the-supreme-court-of-new-zealand/http://bestawards.co.nz/entries/spatial/the-supreme-court-of-new-zealand/http://bestawards.co.nz/entries/spatial/the-supreme-court-of-new-zealand/http://www.warrenandmahoney.com/http://courtsofnz.govt.nz/about/supreme/the-supreme-court-complex


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-

- A skylight from the roof brings natural daylight into the inner sanctum.


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-

- Surrounding the central courtroom are administrative offices, judges chambers, and a library.

Richard Rogers' New Antwerp Law Courts Feature Unique Rainwater-Recycling Rooftops


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The New Law Courts are designed with sustainability in mind: the building makes great use of natural

light, has low-velocity ventilation and recyclesrainwater collected from its distinct rooftop.

- Its most striking feature, the spiky roof structure with soaring spires, rise above a series of

paraboloid roofs that cover the courtrooms and recycle rainwater.

- Pointed with an east-west orientation, the spires were placed for catching as much sunshine

as possible.

- All along the building external glazed louvres regulate and reduce solar gain.

- The use of pre-cast concrete means a lower energy intake, as its thermal mass properties will

absorb the heat from the surface, store it and release it steadily to the interiors.

-

For cooling down large hearing rooms, the architects used low velocity ventilation that mixes

the air distribution in the room.
http://inhabitat.com/londons-geothermal-sharp-tourist-information-point-recycles-rainwater/http://inhabitat.com/londons-geothermal-sharp-tourist-information-point-recycles-rainwater/


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CHAPTER 1.3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design: Descriptive

The research design/s used by the proponent is descriptive research and survey research.

This is because it will help the proponent to describe a situation more accurately than any other

research methods. It will also help identify the area of interest a lot more accurate. On the survey

research part the proponent will conduct a survey to at least 50 people, who visits courthouses and

have an idea of the facilities inside. This will also help determine the different opinions, preference

and personal interests of each courthouse visitors.

Research Design: Case Study

The case study is a photo-documentation along with interviews regarding the current status

of the courthouses in Metro Manila, pictures taken will help identify the needs of the courthouse in

order to improve its facilities and services.

Makati Courthouse:


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One of many courtrooms in Makati

Like any other courtrooms in the building they all have identical designs and layouts, the ceiling is not

too high but also not too low and the seat of the judge is elevated, unlike the courthouses on other

countries we have no space for juries. We only have are the witness stand, the defense and the

accused side.


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The only thing I observed inside the courtroom was the small spacing of the room. It can

only accommodate a handful of guests and witnesses, unlike those in other foreign countries where

they have beautiful high ceiling courtrooms along with a spacious room. Here inside the hall of justice

is a bit more reserved and private.

The hallways inside the building are about 2.5 3 meters wide which provide adequate

movements and allow people to move freely and avoid traffic in the hallway.


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The Makati City Hall of Justice inside the city hall is an example of a courtroom, complete

with the materials needed, the only problem is the spaces. The room is a bit small and there is only

enough space for the judge to enter his stand. The number of people that can house a single

courtroom inside the Makati hall of justice is only limited. Another problem that the users complain is

the distance between the structure and the parking lot. Most of them said that the parking lot is too

far from the structure and they should provide a lift for people especially those who are disabled,

senior citizen, pregnant and with illness like asthma.


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Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats Analysis (S.W.O.T)

Strengths:

City hall and Hall of Justice rolled into one structure

-

The Makati Hall of Justice along with the Cityhall is combined into one structure allowing for a

more convenient approach for the people within the municipality. Unlike some city wherein

they have different structures for the hall of justice and city hall.

Accessible for both private and public users

- Going in the Hall of Justice is easy for commuters because you just need to board an MRT

and ride a jeep if you live a bit far from the site or you can use the Pasig River Ferry. As for

private vehicle owners it is no hassle at all to go to the site for it is located along Dr. J. P.

Rizal Avenue.

Weakness

Parking has no exception for the elderly or disabled

- The only problem with the Makati Hall of Justice I see is the parking which is located a bit too

far from the facility. I read a blog about a concerned citizen regarding the distance he had to

travel from the parking lot all the way to the courtroom. Suggesting that there should be at

least a service to fetch the senior and disabled people and a private elevator for the PWD

only.

Opportunities

The site has a big enough lot for future expansions

- The Makati Hall of Justices lot area is quite big to allow further expansions especially for the

growing needs of the city.


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Many small businesses can benefit around the Hall of Justice

- Small businesses like carenderias and small kiosks can find opportunity setting their

business near the Hall of Justice especially that the structure houses a lot of employees who

doesnt always prefer to eat at a restaurant.

Threats

Noise/Air Pollution

- As we all know Makati is a very busy city, and like any other cities they cannot control the

noises produced by the vehicles coming in and out of the structure and those who pass by

the site. Another threat is those smoke belching vehicles who can cause harm to employees

and visitors that goes to the structure.

Research Instrument: Observation

The nature of this research is to Design an exceptional modern facility that will set the bar of

the judicial system of the country. This is because as of today there is no centralized courthouse in

Manila most of them are scattered within the city. The proponent wants to know if using a different

approach such as integrating additional spaces like recreational facilities in order for the employees to

be more efficient in serving the people.

The proponent will also give questionnaires asking the visitors of the courthouse what their

different preferences is, what else do they want to add within the courthouse. It may be another

room or just a switching of spaces but at least this will help in improving the proposed Hall of Justice.

The proponent will also use the naturalistic approach in observing because using this method it will

help the proponent determine what else is needed aside from conducting interviews and providing

questionnaires.

POPULATION AND SAMPLING

The proponents population universe will focus on the people who visits courthouses for they

will be the one who will support the proponents findings in his research. Out of the many people that

visit the courthouse the sampling group that will be chosen will only be at least 50 people ranging

from the ages 18-60 years old.


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Sampling procedure

The sampling procedure that will be used for this research will be stratified sampling to

identify the different level of opinions by means of age. For group A the age limit will be from 18-25

for group B the age limit will be from 26-40 and lastly for group C the age limit will be from 41-60.

Dividing them by these groups it will be easier for the proponent to identify the different preferences

of people base on their age and knowledge.


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CHAPTER 1.4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

Presentation of data collected

Sample survey questions

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design

and the Built Environment

Good Day! Im Julian Patrick M. Vitales currently taking up the course of Architecture at Mapua

Institute of Technology. As of now Im doing a case study for my research entitled Manila Hall of

Justice, moving towards the future of justice: Designing an exceptional modern facility

that will set the bar of the judicial system of the country.

I would like to ask a little of your time to answer these few questions that would help and allow me

to continue my research about the facility and structure of the Supreme Court. Thank you very much

and God bless!

1. What is your age?

a. 18-25 b. 26-35 c. 36-40 d. 40 above

2. Do you know the place well?

a. Not at all b. Undecided c. A little d. Very Much

3. Is the facility easy to access for public commuters?


4. Is the facility easy to access for private vehicles?


5. Are you happy with the facilities of the Courthouse?

a. Yes b. No


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6. Is there any problem regarding the flow of traffic inside the building? The spacing of rooms?

a. State the problem/s if yes_____________________________________________

b. No

7. Does the outside surroundings affect the people inside the structure? (ex. Smoke, noise

pollution)


8. Is there a place inside the structure where employees can take a moment to release stress or just

sit and be able to focus?

a. Yes b. No

9. In your own opinion does the facilities of the courthouse handle the needs of employees and

visitors of this new generation?

a. Yes b. No

Need Analysis

For many years the judges and court employees have been squeezing themselves within the

Manila City Hall. Manila has been always missing their very own Hall of Justice like other cities have.

Courtroom employees have been always struggling with the poor courthouse facilities inside the city

hall because the city hall was never designed to hold a courtroom inside. The courtrooms inside also

have no proper ventilation that leads to a window that provides a sunlight.

Finding a new home for the courtrooms is a must especially for the growing needs of the

employees and their users. Providing a new facility for the courthouses will help in increasing the

employees efficiency.


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QUANTITATIVE:

n = 500/1+(972x(10.98sq))

500 = estimated number of people who uses the courthouses per day

n=24.46 =25 respondents

*The actual questionnaire presented on the respondents

The survey questions were posted online and asked persons who frequently go to courthouses. Some

of the survey questions were conducted near courthouses and asked people who goes to courthouses

and people who know the place because they are almost there every day.

Courthouses visited for survey:

Supreme Court

Manila City Hall

RESULTS:

1. What is your age?

The total number of percentage is 15% 20% 35% and 30% respectively, This shows that most

people going to the courthouses are ranging from the ages 36above.


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2. Do you know the place well?

The total number of percentage is 6% 25% 35% and 34% respectively. Most of the people the

researcher surveyed know the place quite well this maybe because they are almost every day at the

courthouse. There were a handful of people who was not familiar with the place because that was the

first time they visited the site.

3. Is the facility easy to access for public commuters?

The percentages are as follows, 5% 30% 40% 25% only a few people the researcher surveyed said

that it was hard getting to the courthouse from their home mainly because they live too far from the

courthouse. But aside from that reason most people said that the site were not that hard to access

especially for commuters.


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4. Is the facility easy to access for private commuters?

The total numbers of percentages are 6% 20% 29% and 45% respectively. The researcher asked the

people (even if they have no private vehicle) if the sites were easy to access to private commuters,

and most of them said that it is quite easy when you have a vehicle of your own. The only problem

they said was the lack of parking. Because most of the parking spaces in the courthouses are used

mostly by employees of the structure.

5. Are you happy with the facilities of the courthouse?

87% of the people surveyed said that they were not happy with the current facility of the structure,

that it was too old and outdated to still be functioning. The remaining 13% said that they dont mind

the old facilities as long as the employees do their jobs fast and right.


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6. Is there any problem regarding the flow of traffic inside the building? The spacing of rooms?

The people who were asked if there was any problem with the traffic flow inside the facility most of

them said that inside the courtrooms, it was not spacious enough. And that the seats are too few and

they were telling what if the numbers of witnesses are many? Where will they sit? And they said that

they have no waiting areas near courtrooms for relatives.

7. Does the outside surroundings affect the people inside the structure? (ex. Smoke, noise

pollution)

The number of percentages are as follows, 35% 15% 20% and 30% respectively. According to the

people that were surveyed they were almost mixed with uncertainty because some of them said that

the noises outside can be heard from inside the courtrooms. Others said that they dont hear


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anything. The remaining few really didnt care about the noises they heard outside as long as the

hearing is louder than the noise outside.

8. Is there a place inside the structure where employees can take a moment to release stress or just

sit and be able to focus?

The number of percentages are as follows YES = 68% this is because most of them think that the

hallways are a place to unwind, some of them tend to smoke on hallways near the windows in the

Manila City Hall not considering the other people passing by. The remaining 32% who said NO are

those who said that the structure needs a specific room or area near the courtrooms where

employees can relax and release stress, this is because most of them goes to the parking lots which

is far from the courtrooms.


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9. In your own opinion does the facility of the courthouse handle the needs of employees and visitors

of this new generation?

Almost all of the people who conducted the survey (92%) agreed that that the facilities of todays

courthouses do not support the needs of the new generation. They said that they lack the technology

to give the needs of the people. Most of them do not have the right equipment. The remaining 8%

didnt care much about technology and said that the facility is still ok and functioning.

QUALITATIVE:

INTERVIEW APPROACH:

The method used in the interview was a combination of both informal and formal interviews.

Informal interview was a normal conversation where the researcher and the interviewee has

an open ended questions and do not follow a certain questionnaire.

The next was the formal interview where the interviewee was asked a few questions and

answered specifically regarding the questions.

INTERVIEW RESPONDENT:

There were a total of 2 interviewees 1 of them answered both formal and informal interviews

and the other answered only informal interview.


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FORMAL INTERVIEW:

Interviewee: Arch. Erik Abordo

Works at: DPWH NCR

Position: Architect at DPWH NCR planning division

1. What is the role of DPWH regarding the project? (centralization of Manila courthouses)

- Consultant of building laws

2. Is the DPWH responsible for the designing of courthouses within Metro Manila?

- No, usually the Supreme Court holds a design competition in which the winner will turnover their

design to the Supreme Court and will become the basis of the design.

3. Is there any other proposed location aside from the GSIS building?

- It is very hard to find a location nowadays in Manila because almost all of them are occupied

already. But you can try the PRC building since they will be now transferring to Macapagal and

already has a budget.

4. Why do they need to transfer?

- First of all Manila has no Hall of Justice, instead they have these small courthouses located on

different parts of the city and some of them are renting. Another reason is that they want to

centralize their courthouses and turn it into a single structure.

5. What type of design do they prefer? Modern or Classical?

- Actually the government does not care whether the design is modern or classical as long as its

formal. Meaning the structure is symmetrical, that is the only requirement of the government.

6. Is there a standard in designing a courthouse here in the country where all designers

should follow?

-As far as I know we follow the international standard, Im not sure if the Supreme Court requires

designers to follow a certain rule or specific design.

INFORMAL INTERVIEW:

He told the researcher that the idea of having their own Manila Hall of Justice was pushed

last 2012, but then it never continued. He said that Manila should have their own Hall of Justice

especially because Manila is the capital of the Philippines. When asked what he thinks about the idea

of the Hall of Justice being moved to the GSIS building, he said that it should be demolished and


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construct a new structure instead. But he told the researcher that I needs approval from the NCCA

because it is already a heritage building that is already 50+ years old.He said that it would be a

perfect location to place the new Hall of Justice because it is near the City Hall and is easy to access

for commuters because it is near the LRT and can be accessed by both bus and Jeeps.

INFORMAL INTERVIEW:

Interviewee:Atty. Cesar Vitales

Works at: EVELO in Shaw Blvd

He said that most courtrooms have only small rooms and cannot accommodate many

viewers. And when asked if there was any time during his hearing that there were too many viewers

that some of them had to stand up just to watch. He said yes, and it happens to different cases. He

suggests that if any future courthouse are to be erected it should have a spacious courtroom where it

can house at least 50 or more viewers, and have their own detention rooms per courtroom. He said

that detainees were staying at a different floor far away from the courtroom and it was a common

room meaning all detainees stayed at that specific area. A courtroom having their own detention

room can be helpful because they dont have to wait too long to call a detainee.

CONCLUSION:

The data gathered during the interviews was a big help to achieve the main goal of the

proposal which was to construct a new Justice Hall for Manila and to be able to set the bar of the

judicial system of the country.

The related studies and case studies were used as models in order for the researcher to

further understand how the courthouses work and to be able to study the planning and facilities

required and needed for this kind of project.

Through this research method that was used to gather necessary informations, and

the data collected, the researcher therefore conclude that problems stated in Chapter 1.1 actually

exist and needed actions.


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Specifically:

- The old and outdated facilities that needs improvement to support the growing needs of the

community

- The small courtrooms that can only accommodate about 20-30 persons

- Lacking a detention center in every courtrooms

- The surrounding environment needs improvement

- The addition for lounges specifically for the employees for them to relax and unwind and not

on any hallways.

-

Providing a spacious hallways much like in Makati Hall of Justice

- Having adequate ventilation on every courtrooms


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CHAPTER 5:

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study is conducted for the people of Manila in order for them to have brief information

about the current status of the courthouses in the city. The problem was to find a new home for the

courthouses here in Manila and have their very own Hall of Justice.

CONCLUSION:

Manila being the countrys capital should represent as a role model for every other city in the

country. That being said, there are still problems that happens and one of those problems is that

Manilas courthouses are scattered within the city, some of which are just renting spaces just to

operate while others are located inside the Manila city hall but are poorly placed and without any

ventilation. Creating their very own Hall of Justice will help improve the state of the city and in

addition to that they will have another landmark that will help in making the city worthy to look up to.

RECOMMENDATION:

Creating their very own Hall of Justice that will house the courthouses of Manila will help

improve the tourism of the city, it will also help in improving the judicial system in the city. Providing

modern facilities inside the structure will help make the work of employees a lot easier and will be

able to serve the people better. Constructing additional facilities such as a small gym where

employees can release stress and stay fit. Another is a space where they can just sit, think, enjoy a

cup of coffee and chat with fellow employees and basically escape from the stress even for a

moment.


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CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH FOCUS

2.1 RATIONALE

This study is intended to provide comprehensive and information pertaining to Zero Energy

Building and avoiding indoor polluted air. In doing this we can save a lot and avoid unnecessary

consumption of power. This building still produces greenhouse gases because on non-windy days and

especially at night conventional grid power is still the main source.

We can do this by providing natural ventilation/cross ventilation to reduce the use of air-

conditioning units (heat reduction). Another approach the researchers can use is daylighting, by

proving photovoltaic panels (PV) it can collect sunlight and can turn into electricity that can be used

during night time or sometimes if there is no winds present. Adding these innovations will help in

promoting the governments awareness in the environment. Another addition is the rainwater

collection system that can be implemented on the building, this is suitable because Manila is one of

the areas where floods mostly occurs. Doing this approach will at least help reduce the flooding

within the city. The Hall of Justice must also be PWD friendly, meaning that the facilities must always

consider the PWDs and in doing so the study will follow the guidelinesprovided by Reach Canada

Equality and Justice for people with disabilities. Specifically Components of Courthouse Guidelines

and Checklists for Promoting Disability Accommodations and Accessibility

2.2 PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT

The study aims to provide a structure that will provide not only a fair and just trial but also

give the people a structure that can ensure their safety and security. The research study concludes

that most of the courthouses here in Metro Manila still need improvement and some of the cities have

no Hall of Justice just like Manila.

The study will focus on the innovations that can help the structure to become a better facility

for the people and to be able to help the environment at the same in order for them to set an

example to other government facilities.

Aside from the different innovations that will be provided for the design and aesthetics of the

building the researcher will consider the PWDs accessibility within the structure, thus following the

guidelines of Reach Canada which are as follows:


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Barriers within the Physical or Built Environment

Courthouses that are heritage edifices or are simply old remain in use. They may lack

accommodations not required when they were built, such as entrance ramps, accessible corridors,

elevators, accessible washrooms and appropriate signage. Forms of accommodation such as electric

door opening devices may not have been available at the time of construction of the courthouse. All

older courthouses still in use be retrofitted and/or renovated to make them as accessible as possible

to persons with disabilities. All new courthouses should obviously be designed right, right from the

beginning.

The following features, among others, need to be addressed to attain full accessibility now or in a

timely manner:

Public entrances

Entrances for use by court personnel

Secure entrances for use by detainees and detention officers

Security barriers (or an adjacent accessible route if they incorporate devices such as metal

detectors that cannot be made accessible)

Corridors throughout public areas

Spectator and press seating areas

Jury boxes and witness stands (except where the necessary renovations cannot be made

without obstructing required exits)

Judges' benches

Location and design of stations or tables for clerks, bailiffs, court reporters, litigants and

counsel

Moreover, as ARCH points out, and as stipulated by the London and Wellington standards,

seating for spectators and the press must be considered. Examples are providing widely-spacedseats,

not benches, and sufficient aisle room to allow wheelchair and scooter access throughout the seating

area.The Ontario Human Rights Commission "Policy and Guidelines on Duty to Accommodate" (2000,

at page 15) observes that "accommodation requires up front barrier-free design and inclusion-by-

design" in order to integrate persons with disabilities more fully into all aspects of society. Nowadays

when old courthouses are renovated and new courthouses are built, "universal design" considerations


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should also be in the forefront of planning considerations. Universal design is an approach intended

to ensure that products and buildings can be used by virtually everyone, regardless of their level of

ability or disability. Universal design is not a design style, but an orientation to design, based on the

following premises:

Disability is not a special condition of a few;

It is ordinary and effects most of us for some part of our lives;

If a design works well for people with disabilities, it works better for everyone;

Usability and aesthetics are mutually compatible.

Both the London and the Wellington Standards strive to incorporate the principles of universal

design and the respect for the dignity of persons with disabilities inherent in the Ontario Human

Rights Code in making the built environment accessible to persons with mobility, visual, hearing,

intellectual, stamina and dexterity impairments.

Many persons with hidden disabilities and low literacy skills avoid disclosing any limitations. Hence

their fair access to court procedures would be assisted most by application of "universal" and "barrier-

free" design.

Communication Barriers

As a general principle, "Persons with disabilities, and particularly persons with intellectual

disabilities, should be presumed to be capable of participating fully in all aspects of the justice system

unless there is a compelling reason not to do so."Documents on paper areoften a barrier to persons

with visual impairments or dyslexia. Non-exclusive options for related accommodation include the

following:

Providing documents in Braille

Making enlargement equipment available for reading small print in court documents and

legislation

Providing all correspondence and documents in electronic form, and made available both by

e-mail and on electronic media such as CDs.

Equipping courthouses with computers that can be moved to courtrooms, conference rooms,

judges' chambers and other venues as needed, and ensuring that the computers are loaded

with the following software and hardware:


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1. Legible large-type fonts and Braille fonts

2. Printer that can handle large and enlarged fonts

3. Non-distorting monitor that can be set to a resolution which enlarges the information on the

screen to the desired size

4. Keyboard with tactile markings for home keys

5. Text to speech conversion software

6. Speakers

7. Sound output jacks

Other Sources of Precedent and Advice for Good Guidelines

A Courthouse Access Advisory Committee has been organized by the United States Access Board to

explore the accessibility of courtrooms and other courthouse spaces, including best practices, design

solutions, promotion of accessible features, and educational opportunities. The committee's members

include designers and architects, disability groups, judges, court administrators, representatives of

standard-setting entities and others with an interest in the issues to be explored.

The Committee's group on Courthouse Access is exploring the following matters, among others:

Courthouse entrances

Approach to entrance (including "plinths" as a symbol of the court's dignity)

Alternate accessible entrances

Accessibility

Communication (buzzers, intercom, etc)

Staff entrances

Security

Sallyports

Service counters

Kiosks

Exhibits

Cashier desks

Clerk's counters

Jury Assembly Rooms


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Interior path of travel

"One route of travel for everyone"

Signage

Probation offices and areas

Path of travel from parking to entrance

Exterior travel between buildings

Parking

The group looking at Courtroom Access has identified the following areas as within their anticipated

scope of work-

Courtrooms

Judge's Chamber Suite

Jury Deliberation areas

Holding Cells

Attorney/Client Interview rooms

Lawyer conference rooms

Circulation

Emergency Evacuation

Courtroom Types:

Jury

Non-jury

Hearing

Appellate/Panel

2.3 APPLICATIONS TO PROJECT

The application of minimizing the use of grid power through the use of sustainable approach

will be applied on the design of all the facilities of the structure that will be used by the employees as

well as the public. The poor facility doesnt necessarily mean the design but it also pertains about

materials used by the employees which are mostly outdated or old. This is why design techniques will

be used throughout the entire structure.


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Different innovations will be used to help improve the facilities of the structure and increase

the efficiency of the employees.

1. Healthy Working Environment

Having a clean environment will greatly increase the productivity of the people within the

facility. Another is the maintenance of the facilities inside and the addition of new ways to improve

functionality of the building.

- The application of cross-ventilation within the building to reduce the use of air conditioning

units.

- Providing a natural lighting for each rooms to avoid unnecessary use of lights especially

during daytime.

- Providing a rainwater collection system that they can use to water their surrounding garden,

this will also help reduce the flooding within the city especially during rainy season.

- Installing Photovoltaic panels (PV) that can collect solar energy which can be transformed as

electricity and can be used during the night.

2. Aesthetics

Considering a healthy working environment is not enough to increase the productivity of the

employees. Another approach that needs to be considered is the aesthetics of the structure. Have a

good faade will bring attention to the structure especially that the study aims the structure to

become a landmark of the city.

- Using recycled materials while considering the stability of the structure.

- Providing wide hallways in order to avoid bottle necks especially during important trials.

- Adding additional seats in every courtrooms to provide for the growing needs of the

courtrooms.

- Providing state of the art facilities to help the employees do their job with ease resulting to a

great productivity increase.

- Providing lounges for the judges and other employees of the courtrooms for them to have a

place to think, unwind and relax during a stressful trial.

- Consideration of the colors that will be used inside and outside the facility as they set the

mood of the people within the structure.


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- The compatibility of the interior with respect to the exterior faade to maintain balance and

proximity with each other.

3. Safety and Security

With the first two considerations being said, one last consideration is needed to complete the

structure and that is the safety and security of the structure and the people using it.

- Having a tight security within the compound inside and outside the structure

- Providing a security office within the structure where people can be investigated or can ask

for help

- Placing CCTVs within the facilities to increase safety of the structure.

-

Placing a detention room for every courtroom within the building so that inmates can wait

close to the courtroom.

- Placing of fire exits within every courtroom of the facility.


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CHAPTER 3: SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS

3.1 SITE SELECTION PROCESS

3.1.1 CRITERIAS FOR SITE SELECTION

1. Lot Size

2. Site Physical and Appearance

3. Zoning

4. Utilities

5. Surrounding Areas

LOT SIZE:

-

Is the site big enough to accommodate the new structure that will be constructed?

- Will there be enough outdoor areas?

- Is the site easy to access to both public and private commuters?

SITE PHYSICAL AND APPEARANCE

- Is the terrain sloped? Or is it relatively flat?

-

Is the site located in a hazardous area? Ex: Fire prone area and earthquake prone area?

ZONING

- Is the site permitted to construct a government facility?

- Do they have any special law or ordinance regarding the site?

- Is the site privately owned or is it owned by the government?

UTILITIES

- Is the water and sewer available?

- Is there sufficient electrical power to accommodate the new structure?

- Is there any available telephone line ready to be used?

SURROUNDING AREAS

- Is the site located near any other government facilities?

- Any school/universities near the site?

- Is it visible or easy to go to?

- Is this a rural or urban setting?


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3.1.2 SITE OPTION DESCRIPTION

These were 3 possible sites picked from different locations in Manila which will be the target region of

the proposal.

1. The first site selected is where the old Jai Alai building was constructed and was demolished last

2000.

2. The second site selected is the current PRC office in Morayta, it was learned that they will soon

transfer to a new office in Pasay so the structure in Morayta will be vacant and is owned by the

government.

3. The third and final site selected is the old GSIS building near SM Manila it has been long

abandoned and has become a cultural heritage in Manila.


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Manila Jai Alai Bldg (Demolished 2000)

LOT SIZE:

- The lot is big enough to accommodate any further plans to extend the site

- It is located near Taft Avenue

SITE PHYSICAL AND APPEARANCE:

-

The site is located on a relatively flat terrain

- The site is safe from fire hazards as most buildings have setbacks

- The site is located on a flood prone area

ZONING:

- Located near an Institution

-

Nearby Institutional Facilities:

Adamson University


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Araullo Highschool

SURROUNDING AREAS:

-

The site is near Institutional facilities

- It is also near the Rizal Park

- It is visible mainly because it is located along Taft Avenue and is easy to access for both

public and private commuters

PRC office in Morayta (To transfer soon to a new site in Pasay)

LOT SIZE:

- The lot site is only enough to accommodate the Hall of Justice but not enough for future

developments.

- Located near Espana Boulevard and Morayta


- Located on a relatively flat terrain

-

Buildings on the side has only firewalls and no setbacks


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- Flood prone

ZONING:

- Located near an institutional facility (Polytechnic University of the Philippines)

SURROUNDING AREAS:

- The site is near an LRT station making it an easy access to LRT users

- It is also accessible to both public and private commuters, especially those who travel by

Jeep.


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The old GSIS building near SM Manila

LOT SIZE:

- The lot is spacious enough to accommodate the Hall of Justice

- The site is located along Natividad Lopez St. and Antonio Villegas St.


- Located in a relatively flat terrain

- The site has setbacks making it safe from any fire hazards

ZONING:

- Located near an institutional facility

- Located near a government facility

SURROUNDING AREAS:


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- The site is located near LRT central station making it easy to go to for LRT users

- It is also near SM Manila

- The site is also near the Manila City Hall, so basically they dont have to go too far from the

city hall to the justice hall.

- It is near Institutional facilities like University of Manila


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3.1.3 SITE JUSTIFICATION AND SELECTION

The site selected was the old GSIS building near SM Manila mainly because of the advantages it

showed that the other two cannot provide specifically:

-

First is the accessibility of the site from commuters both public and private because it can be

accessed through the use of LRT. For bus users travelling from the south you can get off

from Manila City Hall and from there it is only a matter of a walking distance. Those travelling

from the north is the same also as you can get off from Manila City Hall and start walking

from there. Using a private vehicle is also no hassle in going to the site as you can travel

through Antonio Villegas St. or along Natividat Lopez St.

-

The terrain of the municipality is relatively flat making it a lot more easy to work with

- Since the site is already a heritage because of its old age, the research can use the adaptive-

reuse approach so they can still maintain the external faade of structure while changing the

interior of it.

- The site is safe from earthquake hazards and fire hazards because of the structure having

setbacks on the site.

-

The site is near a commercial building an institutional building and a government building,

also the lot is owned by the government so it is just right to construct another government

building facility on the site.

- Preserving the heritage and improving its use can easily make the structure a landmark of the

city making it another tourist spot and improving the state of Manila making it worthy to

become Philippines capital.


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3.2 SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS

3.2.1 THE MACRO SETTING

METRO MANILA

Metropolitan Manila commonly known as Metro Manila, theNational Capital Region (NCR) of

thePhilippines,is the seat of government and the most populousregion andmetropolitan area of the

country which is composed of theCity of Manila and the cities ofCaloocan,Las

Pias,Makati,Malabon,Mandaluyong,Marikina,Muntinlupa,Navotas,Paraaque,Pasay,Pasig,Quezo

n City,San Juan,Taguig,andValenzuela,as well as theMunicipality of Pateros.

The region is the center ofculture,economy,education,andgovernment of the Philippines. Its most

populous and largest city in terms of land area isQuezon City, with the center of business and

financial activities inMakati (with theMakati CBD andMakati Poblacion).Binondo, the oldest

Chinatown in the world located in theCity of Manila is also a center of the thriving economic activities

in the region, along withErmita andMalate.Other financial areas within the region include:Ortigas

Center,which is shared by the cities ofMandaluyong andPasig,with parts of it belonging toQuezon

City;Bonifacio Global City in the border ofTaguig and Makati;Araneta Center,Eastwood
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1ashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1ashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marikinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzuela,_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateros,_Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_Poblacionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortigas_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortigas_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araneta_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastwood_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araneta_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifacio_Global_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortigas_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortigas_Centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_Poblacionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_Central_Business_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateros,_Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzuela,_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marikinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makatihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1ashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1ashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region


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CITY OF MANILA

LOT SIZE

- Manila is located on the eastern shores ofManila bay,which rests on the western shores

ofLuzon. The city lies 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) from mainlandAsia.[46]ThePasig

River bisects the city. Almost all of the city sits on top of centuries of

prehistoricalluvial deposits built by the waters of the Pasig and on some land reclaimed

fromManila Bay.

- Manila is divided into 897barangays,the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines.

Each barangay has its own chairperson and councilors. For administrative convenience, all the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluviumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluviumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bay


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barangays in Manila are grouped into 100 zones. These zones have no form of local

government. Manila is composed of 16 former towns and municipalities which was absorbed

by the city in the 19th century. These settlements are now known as places within the city.

They are further grouped into the sixlegislative districts of Manila.

SITE PHYSICAL AND APPEARANCE

- The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land

reclamation along the waterfronts since the American colonial times. Some of the natural

variations in topography have been evened out due to the urbanization of the city. The city

occupies an area of 38.55 square kilometres (14.88 sq mi).

NEIGHBORHOOD

- The city of Manila is also surrounded by developing cities Pasay is located on the south of

Manila as well as Makati. Mandaluyong and San Juan is located along the eastern side of

Manila and lastly Caloocan is located on the northern part of the city.

ZONING AND LAND USE

- The city of Manila has been transforming from one image to another that is trying to

recapture its past glory as one of the most beautiful cities of the world.

- Achieving design excellence encourages the use of general principles modified for local

conditions the development strategies for the city includes the following:

1. Uncover a unifying element

- Creation of open spaces, important avenues, strong patterned streets or a natural feature of

the city.

- Identifying important buildings or monuments to be focal points of the city.

2. Encouragement of Mixed use and Multi use

3. Clustering of related activities

4. Defining of outdoor spaces

- The improvement and creation of buildings, streets, walkways and landscape features to

achieve definition through site design.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Manila


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5. Promotion of pedestrian activity

6. Great streets

7. Roof Gardens

- Enhances the city through the placement of rooftop greenery to compensate for the much

needed open space for the city.


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3.2.2 THE MICRO SETTING

The old GSIS building near SM Manila

LOT SIZE:

-

The lot is spacious enough to accommodate the Hall of Justice

- The site is located along Natividad Lopez St. and Antonio Villegas St.


- Located in a relatively flat terrain

- The site has setbacks making it safe from any fire hazards


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ZONING:

- Located near an institutional facility

- Located near a government facility

SURROUNDING AREAS:

- The site is located near LRT central station making it easy to go to for LRT users

- It is also near SM Manila

- The site is also near the Manila City Hall, so basically they dont have to go too far from the

city hall to the justice hall.

- It is near Institutional facilities like University of Manila


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3.2.3 RELATED LAWS AND ORDINANCES

Since the chosen site is a cultural heritage the researcher will be following the International Charter

For The Conservation And Restoration Of Monuments And Sites (The Venice Charter) and the Burra

Charter as the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) also follows these rules when

preserving a natural heritage.

Definition

Article 1.

The concept of a historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the

urban or rural setting in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant

development or a historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest

works of the past which have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time.

The Burra Charter advocates a cautious approach to change; do as much as necessary to care for the

place and to make it useable, but otherwise change it as little as possible so that its cultural

significance is retained.

Adaption modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES

Article 3.

Cautious Approach

3.1 Conservation is based on a respect for the existing fabric, use, associations and meanings. It

requires a cautious approach of changing as much as necessary but as little as possible.

Article 15.

Change

15.1 Change may be necessary to retain cultural significance, but is undesirable where it reduces

cultural significance. The amount of change to a place should be guided by the cultural significance of

the place and its appropriate interpretation.

15.3 Demolition of significant fabric of a place is generally not acceptable. However in some cases

minor demolition may be appropriate as part of conservation. Removed significant fabric should be

reinstated when circumstances permit.


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Article 21.

Adaptation

21.1 Adaptation is acceptable only where the adaption has minimal impact on the cultural

significance of the place.

21.2 Adaptation should involve minimal change to significant fabric, achieved only after

considering alternatives.

Article 22

New Work

22.1 New work such as additions to the place may be acceptable where it does not distort or

obscure the cultural significance of the place, or detract from its interpretation and appreciation.

22.2 New work should be readily identifiable as such.


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3.3 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

3.3.1 SITE ANALYSIS

NEARBY SITES/LANDMARKS Universidad de Manila

Manila City Hall SM Manila


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SITE DIMENSIONS:

125.77M

81.94M

122.57M

80.89M


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CIRCULATORY ANALYSIS:

A

N

T

O

N

I

O

V

I

L

LE

G

A

S

NATIVIDAD LOPEZ ST.


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SENSORY ANALYSIS:

The intersection produces the most

noise around the area for this is

where the vehicles intersect and

causes traffic.

This part of the site

produces minimal noise

as it is close to an

institutional place.

This area produces fresh

air due to the tree buffers

near the site.


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MICRO CLIMATIC ANALYSIS

Sun rise

Sun set

Northeastern Monsoon

Southwestern Monsoon


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SITE PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS

PROBLEMS:

- The proposed elevation of the structure is limited with respect to the height provided by the

old GSIS building

- The frontage of the building may cause noise pollution due to the intersecting minor roads.

POTENTIALS:

- The proposed site is located near an institutional place and a government place.

- The lot is also owned by the government.

- Can easily become a landmark of the city due to the heritage of the structure.

-

The site is very accessible to the public as you can travel to it by either public or private

vehicles.

- The site is near to transportation hubs that makes it easy for commuters.


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SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN:

Since the existing site has already a structure that is considered a heritage it cannot be demolished to

give way to a new structure. Instead the approach the researcher will use will be adaptive re-use

wherein they will change the interior of the building to comply to the needs of the Manila courthouses

and the exterior will remain the same in order to preserve its cultural heritage.


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REFERENCES:

1. Causes of Poor Indoor Air Quality and what you can do about it. By: Cornell University (Feb 2002)

Retrieved from:http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Air_Quality.pdf

2. Zero energy building. Retrieved from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building

3. Wind and solar harvest enough energy now to pay back manufacture plus add storage. By:

Nathanael Massey and Nature Magazine (March 21, 2014) Retrieved from:

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/wind-and-solar-harvest-enough-energy-now-to-pay-back-

manufacture-plus-add-storage/

4. Natural Ventilation By: architectus (2014) Retrieved from:

http://www.architectus.com.au/en/sustainability/articles/natural-ventilation

TAX DECLARATION OF THE GSIS BUILDING:
http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Air_Quality.pdfhttp://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Air_Quality.pdfhttp://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Air_Quality.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_buildinghttp://www.architectus.com.au/en/sustainability/articles/natural-ventilationhttp://www.architectus.com.au/en/sustainability/articles/natural-ventilationhttp://www.architectus.com.au/en/sustainability/articles/natural-ventilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_buildinghttp://www.ilr.cornell.edu/extension/files/download/Air_Quality.pdf


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LETTER FROM DPWH (Office of the Secretary)