visvesvaraya technological university jnanasangama

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY JnanaSangama, Belagavi, Karnataka-570018

Project Report on

“RIDER SAFETY SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED SYSTEM”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

Bachelor of Engineering in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

For the academic year 2017-2018

Submitted by THULASI V 4AD14EC063

CHETHAN M 4AD13EC019

RAHID AHMED 4AD14EC442

PURUSHOTHAM N 4AD15EC447

Under the Guidance of

Dr. YATHISHA L Associate Professor

Dept. of ECE, ATMECE

ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

13th Kilometer, Bannur Road, Mysuru– 570028

2017-2018

ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 13th Kilometer, Bannur Road, Mysore– 570028

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Rider Safety System using Embedded

System” is bonafied work carried out by A R Rahid Ahmed bearing USN:4ad14ec442,

Thulasi V bearing USN:4ad14ec063, Purushotham N bearing USN:4ad15ec447,

Chethan M bearing USN:4ad13ec019 in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication of the Visvesvaraya

Technological University, Belgaum, during the year 2017-2018. It is certified that all the

corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the

report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the requirements in respect of

project prescribed for the degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal Dr. YATHISHA L Dr. MAHESH P K Dr. L BASAVARAJ

Associate Professor Professor & HOD Principal

External Viva:

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1. ……………………………………… ........................................

2. ………………………………………

DECLARATION

We, Rahid Ahmed bearing USN:4ad14ec442, Thulasi V bearing USN:4ad14ec063,

Purushotham N bearing USN:4ad15ec447, Chetan M bearing USN:4ad13ec019,

studying in the final semester of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and

Communication Engineering at ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru, hereby declare

that this project work entitled “Rider safety system using embedded system” which is

being submitted by me in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor

of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering, from Visvesvaraya

Technological University, Belagavi is an authentic record of me carrying out the

prescribed project work during the academic year 2017-2018, under the guidance of

Dr. Yathisha L, Associate professor, Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru.

I further undertake that the matter embodied in the dissertation has not been submitted

previously for the award of any degree or diploma by me to any other university or

institution.

Place: Mysuru THULASI V

Date: CHETHAN M

RAHID AHMED

PURUSHOTHAM N

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take this opportunity to acknowledge my profound gratitude to Dr. L. Basavaraj,

Principal, ATME college of Engineering, Mysuru for all the infrastructure and facilities

provided during my study in the institution.

I sincerely thank Dr. Mahesh P. K., Professor and HOD, Dept. of ECE, ATME college

of Engineering, Mysuru for his suggestions and support for completion of the

projectwork.

I would like to thank and place on record my deep sense of gratitude to my guide

Dr. Yathisha L Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE, ATME college of Engineering,

Mysuru for his valuable guidance, help and useful suggestions in this project work.

I would like to thank the project coordinator Dr. Prakash Kuravatti Associate

Professor, Mr. Umamahesh R. N Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, ATME college of

Engineering, Mysuru for his constant and valuable guidance in completing this project

work.

I express my sincere gratitude to the teaching and non-teaching staff of E&C Department

and all my friends and classmates, who helped me directly or indirectly for the successful

completion of the work.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents and all my beloved ones for supporting me in

many ways that meant a lot to me.

I

ABSTRACT

An accident is an unexpected action, which occurs in a particular situation and place.

carelessness is the major factor for such accident. The government is forcing the drivers

to wear helmet during driving. But many of them are not following the rules. We are

introducing a smart helmet system which detects that, the person wearing helmet or not

and also the system detect the person is drunk. Here we have transmitter in the helmet and

receiver at the bike. A switch will be there to ensure that the person is wearing the helmet

or not. And also an alcohol sensor is placed in the helmet near the mouth of the driver to

check whether the driver is drunk. In this system there is a switch ensures the placing of

the helmet in proper manner. we have included many other features in the system it

consist of Finger print enabled ignition key, it ensures the authorized bike owner and

protects from unauthorized persons.

II

CONTENTS

Page No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

ABSTRACT II

LIST OF FIGURES IV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Litrature Survey 1

1.2 Scope of the Project 2

1.3 Problem Statement 3

1.4 Objective of the Project 3

1.5 Organisation of the Project 3

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN METHODOLOGY 4

2.1 Proposed System 5

2.2 System Design 5

2.2.1 Helmet unit 5

2.2.2 Bike unit 6

CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS 8

3.1 Flowchart of the Proposed System 8

3.1.1 Initialisation of sensors 8

3.1.2 Fingerprint sensor flowchart 9

3.1.3 Helmet detector Flowchart 9

3.1.4 Alcohol detection sensor Flowchart 11

3.2 Result Analysis 11

3.2.1 Rider wearing helmet result 12

3.2.2 Alcohol sensor result 12

3.2.3 Fingerprint sensor result 13

3.3 Applications 14

3.3.1 Pros and Cons 14

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 15

Future Scope 15

REFERENCES 16

APPENDIX 17

III

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of Proposed System 4

Figure 2.2: Circuit Diagram of Helmet unit 6

Figure 2.3: Circuit Diagram of bike unit 6

Figure 3.1: Flowchart of initialization of sensors 8

Figure 3.2: Flowchart of Fingerprint scanner 9

Figure 3.3: Flowchart of Helmet detection 10

Figure 3.4: Flowchart of Alcohol detection 10

Figure 3.5: Bike used for real time project 11

Figure 3.6: Helmet used for real time project 11

Figure 3.7: Bike and helmet module in real time 11

Figure 3.8: LCD display for invalid fingerprint 13

Figure 3.9: LCD display for valid fingerprint 13

IV

Rider safety system using embedded system 2017-2018

DEPT., of EC, ATMECE, Mysore Page 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Smart helmet is used to detect alcohol consumption in the proposed project. In this we are

insisting that every bike riders must wear the helmet. The existing system is used to detect

the alcohol consumption if accident occurs the information conveyed to relative via SMS

or Short Message Service. If the driver is drunk then the engine will not get started. In

proposed method a smart helmet system which detects that, the person wearing helmet or

not and also the system detect the person is drunk. If a vehicle across this system, we are

using alcohol sensor to detect the person is drunk and we fix it in helmet. Finger print

enabled ignition key, it ensures the authorized bike owner and protects from unauthorized

persons. Hence this project is very much helpful for all the bike drivers and also the

traffic rules will be followed properly.

1.1 Literature Survey

The Author has discussed safety and security of the bikers against road accident. Smart

helmet has special idea which makes motorcycle driving safety than before this is

implemented using GSM and GPS technology. Other advantages of this project are to

measure the alcohol level of the drunken people who is riding the bike. Whenever the

alcohol level crosses the predefined value, the alarm starts and gets notification about the

drunken driver. The author have also discussed about the accident detector and the sensor

will active the GPS and find the location and further SMS will send to ambulance or

family members.

According to the author this project is specially developed as to improve the

safety of the motorcycle’s rider. The objective of this project is to study and understand

the concept of RF transmitter and RF receiver circuit. The project uses ARM7, GSM and

GPS module. The project also uses buzzer for indication purpose. This project is only

concentrated on only one specific purpose that is an accident. Whenever the accident will

occur then accident spot will be note down and information will send out on the noted

mobile number [1].

The major disadvantage of this project paper is they are not using any display

device for showing the current status. Also the cost of helmet is still high since helmet is



designed for only one purpose. In this paper author has discussed on the speed of the

vehicle. In this application the project will be monitoring the areas in which the vehicle

will be passing. On entering any cautionary areas like schools, the speed of the vehicle

will be controlled to a predefined limit. He worked on the phenomenon of speed of

vehicle along with some security factor. LCD is used for showing the various types of

messages after wearing the helmet. The author has worked only on the phenomenon of

accident which is generally happens due to drink and drive. But as we know that the

accident in the area is not happens only due to consuming alcohol but also other

parameters are also responsible [2].

In this paper the prime objective of author is to force the rider to wear the helmet

throughout [3]. Considering the increasing number of motorcycle riders in our country

and the number of accident happening each year.

In this competitive world one of the surveys says that the death tolls due to motor

bike accidents are increasing day by day out of which most of these casualties occurs

because of the absence of helmet. Traffic police cannot cover remote roads of city. That’s

why over primary target is to make the usage of the helmet for two wheelers compulsory.

Thus no one other than the owner himself, who doesn’t have password which would have

been created by the owner, can use the bike.

The other this module basically deals with the checksum of rider if he is wearing

the helmet or not on first place to achieve this ultrasonic sensor is been used .based on

this the signal are been sent to the next module voice recognition module use for

authentication purpose. Arduino is also used in this project which is an open source tool

for making computer that can sense and control more of physical world than your desktop

computer [4].

1.2 Scope of the Project

Nowadays more accidents are happening by drink and driving. It caused severe head

injuries for not wearing helmet. Therefore we implemented alcohol detection using smart

helmet. We use fingerprint scanner which provides anti-theft to vehicles and liquid crystal

display (LCD) for displaying the message.

And also GSM modem as an interface between mobile and Arduino. It will send

message to any phone irrespective of the GSM network through the modem connected to

the programmable device.



1.3 Problem Statement

In the current system, government traffic rules and regulations are not followed by the

peoples, this may cause accidents and the injury or death of the peoples. Let the rider

safety we will assume as variable(Y) and government traffic rules that to be followed be

(Z), this both variables will give the existing system output(X).

X=Y*Z (1.1)

Here the rider safety is dependent (*) on the traffic rules that are followed and checked

manually in equation (1.1) , hence if the rider follows the traffic rules and regulations

then the safety riding is achieved.

X=Y+Z (1.2)

In the equation (1.2) the rider safety is not dependent on the factor Z, The output of this

system are addition of both the variables and the rider safety measures are automated by

the proposed system(rider safety system using embedded system).

1.4 Objective of the project

The objective of project is to design intelligent helmet system which ensures

wearing of helmet and prevent switching ON bike if rider is under influence of

alcohol throughout the ride.

The system detects accident and intimate relatives via SMS.

In addition it protects bikes from being stolen fingerprint scanner is used to start

ignition system of bike.

1.5 Organization of the report

The report is divided into 4 chapters.

Chapter 1 describes about the problem statement and Objective of the” Drive Protection

& safety using Intelligent Wireless Safety Helmet” and literature review

Chapter 2 describes about Design methodology.

Chapter 3 describes the implementation and result analysis

Chapter 4 describes about conclusion and scope for future.



CHAPTER 2

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Every person must wear a helmet while travelling by motorcycle or two-wheeler. Road-

traffic accidents are a major cause of premature death and disability all over the world

and motorized two wheelers account for the majority of such cases, particularly, in the

developing countries like India where they are most convenient mode of transportation.

Head, face injuries are leading causes of death due to motorcycle crashes.

Despite of the availability of substantial evidence that safety helmets are effective

in reducing the incidence and severity of head injuries, people are reluctant to use helmet.

In recent years, mandatory helmet use for motorcyclists has received a considerable

attention across the country. However, effective enforcement of law, rules & regulations

regarding mandatory use of helmet is limited to metro cities and urban areas. To solve the

problem different methods have been designed, which can be classified into rule-based,

physical-model-based and machine learning-Technique - based methods. Rule-based

methods are the most commonly used ones. Figure 2.1 shows the block diagram of the

proposed system.

Figure 2.1: Block diagram of proposed system.

Arduino UNO

Alcohol

detector sensor

Helmet on head

detector

Finger print

scanner LCD Display

Ignition

control unit

GSM Module



2.1 Proposed System

The proposed system is an intelligent helmet. The system ensures the safety of the biker,

by making it necessary to wear the Helmet, as per the government guidelines, also to get

proper and prompt medical attention, after meeting with an accident. A module is affixed

in the helmet, such that, the module will sync with the module affixed on the bike. The

system will bear following functionalities:

● It will ensure that the rider has worn the helmet. If he fails to do so, the bike won’t start.

● It will also ensure that biker has not consumed alcohol. If the rider is drunk, the bike

won’t start.

● It will ensure that the rider fingerprint is matching with the image captured in memory

of fingerprint sensor. If it matches bike will start or if it is not matched then bike won’t

get start. .

It will consist of two parts:

• Module on helmet

• Module on the bike.

Data from the helmet will be transmitted wirelessly to the bike. According to the various

sensor input the micro-controller will decide the actions of other blocks.

2.2 System Design

The system consists of two parts: Helmet unit and Bike unit

2.2.1 Helmet unit

This unit basically consists of a Pressure Sensor, Alcohol Sensor, Arduino Nano and

Transmitter. Pressure Sensor: Pressure sensor is switch which is used in helmet. The

LOW or HIGH output of the Pressure sensor determines if the helmet is worn or not

worn. Alcohol Sensor: Used for detecting alcohol concentration in breath. It provides an

analog output based on alcohol concentration. If the amount of alcohol exceeds the

threshold value it will not allow the bike to start. Arduino Nano: All the analog outputs

from all the sensors on the helmet are sent to this Arduino Nano as input. According to

the threshold set for alcohol sensor, high output of the pressure sensor, a decision is made

and sent to the module on bike wirelessly. Transmitter: A RF transmitter operating at 433

MHz Radio Frequency is used to transmit the serial data to the receiver over wireless

media. Figure 2.2 shows the circuit of the Helmet unit.



Figure 2.2: Circuit Diagram of Helmet unit

2.2.2 Bike unit

It basically consists of a Receiver, Arduino UNO, GSM Module and fingerprint scanner.

Receiver: A RF receiver operating at 434 MHz Radio Frequency is used to receive the

data over wireless medium. Figure 2.3 shows the circuit of Bike unit.

Figure 2.3: Circuit Diagram of bike unit



Arduino UNO: This is the actual decision making unit of the entire circuit and the

programs will be fed into it. According to the data it will receive from the module on bike

it will control the output of remaining components. Based on the output of both the bike

and helmet, it will send message to relatives in case of an alcohol drunken using GSM

module. And based on the outputs of alcohol sensor and pressure sensor and fingerprint

scanner, it will send a relay output to the engine. GSM Module: This GSM Modem can

accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just like a mobile phone with its own

unique phone number. Applications like SMS Control, data transfer, remote control and

logging can be developed easily. The modem can be connected directly to any Arduino

UNO. It can be used to send and receive SMS or make/receive voice calls. We will be

using SMS application of it to send an SMS to the relatives. Fingerprint scanner: This

module used to start the ignition system. It checks whether scanned image matches with

enrolled or captured image. If scanned images matches with captured image then ignition

starts. And if scanned images don’t matches with captured image then ignition won’t

starts.



CHAPTER 3

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT ANALYSIS

A flow chart is a pictorial representation of a process using different symbols containing

information about steps or sequence of events. Each of these symbols is linked with

arrows to illustrate the flow direction of the process. The flowchart describes the

functionality of the Accident Detection, Intelligent Wireless Safety Helmet. The helmet

unit continuously checks Helmet wearing and Alcohol sensing. If condition is met then

helmet unit sends amative signal to vehicle unit through Arduino. And also checks the

scanned image with the captured image of the fingerprint scanner to start ignition system.

If it is matched ignition turns ON. Thereafter, vehicle starts/keep moving.

3.1 Flowchart of the Proposed System

Flowchart of the proposed system explains the functionalities of the sensor process.

Sensor process is explained for different sensor.

3.1.1 Initialisation of sensors

Figure 3.1: Flowchart of initialization of sensors

Here it initializes all the sensor required for ignition system to start. Firstly it initializes

alcohol and helmet sensor. After satisfying the conditions of alcohol and helmet sensor,

Fingerprint scanner is initialized to start ignition system. Figure3.1 shows the

initialization the sensor.

Start

Initializing the sensor

Finger

print

scanner

Alcohol

detection

Helmet

detection



3.1.2 Fingerprint sensor flowchart

Here Fingerprint scanner checks whether captured fingerprint image matches with the

scanned image while starting the ignition system. If scanned image doesn’t match with

the captured image then, ignition system turns OFF or if scanned image matches with

captured image then, ignition system turns ON. Figure 3.2 shows the flow diagram of

finger print sensor.

Not matched

Matched

Figure 3.2: Flowchart of Fingerprint sensor

3.1.3 Helmet detector Flowchart

Here Firstly, helmet sensor senses whether rider wearied helmet or not. If rider has not

worn the helmet then ignition system won’t turn ON. If rider worn helmet it send message

to Arduino to turn ON ignition system.

Sensing of helmet is done switch used is pressed when helmet worn, and sends

sensed digital data. Figure 3.3 shows the flow diagram of helmet sensor.

Finger print sensor

Ignition system

turns on & battery

power supply on

Again check with

received image Captured

image



wore

Not wore

Figure 3.3: Flowchart of Helmet detection

Not detected

Detected

Figure 3.4: Flowchart of Alcohol detection

Alcohol sensor

Turns off the ignition

system & initialize

command to send text

message along with

location

NOP If

Alcohol

Is

Stop

If

helmet

is

Turn off the ignition system

and alert the rider with buzzer

sound

Stop

Nop

Start



If alcohol is detected in rider breath then, ignition system won’t turn ON. If alcohol is not

detected in rider breathe then, ignition system turn ON. Figure 3.4 shows the flow

diagram of alcohol sensor.

3.2 Result Analysis

Here it explains results obtained by different sensor .Figure 3.5 and figure 3.6 shows the

Bike and helmet used for real time project.

Figure 3.5: Bike used for real time project

Figure 3.6: Helmet used for real time project

This above figure shows the alcohol sensor fixed in the helmet module for the detection

of alcohol consumption of the rider and this output of alcohol sensor is received by the

Arduino nano and sends the corresponding signal to the ignition unit by the transmitter

used in it, then the ignition module receives the signal and sends the text message to the

respected guardians or the nearest RTO as described on the programming.

Helmet used for the

real time application

of proposed system

Alcohol sensor fixed

on the helmet for

detection of rider

alcohol consumption



Figure3.7:Bike and helmet module in real time

Figure 3.7 shows the Bike and helmet module in real time which explains the result

obtained by different sensors.

3.2.1 Rider wearing helmet result

With the help of pressure sensor, driving without helmet can be avoided. Pressure sensor

senses the pressure of wearing helmet, here output may be high or output is low. If output

is high then rider is wearing helmet and vice-versa.

When helmet is worn buzzer won’t make sound indication. If helmet is not worn

then buzzer makes sound indication.

3.2.2 Alcohol sensor result

Illegal consumption of alcohol during driving is 0.08 mg/L as per the government act but

for demonstration purpose, it is programmed to the threshold limit 0.04 mg/L. If

sensitivity of MQ-3 is more than 0.04 mg/L of alcohol in breath then Arduino of Helmet

unit will communicate with vehicle unit and show “Alcohol detected ” thereafter ignition

system get switched OFF.

When alcohol is not consumed there will no message sent to the prescribed

number using GSM, and it allows fingerprint to access When alcohol is consumed there

will message sent to the prescribed number using GSM, and it not allows fingerprint to

access.

3.2.3 Fingerprint sensor Result

The motorcycle will be ignited only when the authorized person scans his/her finger on

the fingerprint module. The fingerprints of the authorized person(s) are stored in the

Ignition unit

and helmet

interfaced to

bike in real

time.



fingerprint module. When any person put his/her finger on the fingerprint module then the

data of the placed finger is matched with the stored data in the module. If the fingerprint

data is found in the module matching the condition, then Arduino ignites the bike

otherwise bike will not start. Figure 3.8 describes that, when there is consumption of

alcohol and when rider is not wearing helmet fingerprint will not be accessed. Then it

display as “No valid finger on the sensor”.

It also describes that, if the scanned fingerprint image doesn’t matches with

enrolled/captured image, then LCD displays as “No valid finger on the sensor”. Then bike

ignition will not start.

When there is no consumption of alcohol and when rider worn helmet fingerprint will be

accessed. If the scanned fingerprint image matches with enrolled/captured image, LCD

displays as “welcome”. Figure 3.9 describes that, when there is no consumption of

alcohol and when rider is wearing helmet fingerprint will be accessed. Then it display as

“Welcome”.It also describes that, if the scanned fingerprint image matches with

enrolled/captured image, then LCD displays as “Welcome”. And bike ignition will start

and while running whenever the helmet is removed or the alcohol consumption is

detected on the helmet then the respected signal will transmit to the ignition unit and the

ignition will turn’s off the bike.

Figure represents that, bike

ignition will not start, when

fingerprint is accessed without

satisfying the conditions.

Figure represents that, when

finger print is not accessed

LCD displays “No valid

finger on the sensor”.



Figure 3.9: LCD display for valid Fingerprint

3.3 Applications

1. Metro cities and urban areas to avoid the accidents and to follow traffic rules.

2. Used in the cities where rules breaking traffic is more.

3.3.1 Pros and Cons

Pros

1. Automated safety measures for the vehicle riders.

2. Unauthorized person cannot drive the vehicle.

3. Can be used for the other high motor vehicles by implementing this system.

4. Accidents caused by drink and drive are avoided.

5. Other features can be added on this system.

Cons

1. The cost of the helmet is increased.

2. Additional features are added hence the cost of vehicle is increased.

Figure represents that, bike

ignition start, when

fingerprint is accessed

after satisfying the

conditions.

Figure represents that, when

fingerprint is accessed. LCD

displays “welcome”.



CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

This system was designed majorly to avoid motor bike accident. The accidents are

increased majorly due to absence of helmet or the usage of alcoholic drinks so the major

objective of this system is to develop an electronic smart helmet system. This system

sequent checking the helmet wearing and drunken driving. By implementing this system

we can reduce head injuries occur offend. It helps the driver to control vehicle easily. And

it is most economical and easy to use. So it has good social aspects

Future Scope

In future if there is a large demand of this type of helmets we can manufacture the whole

circuit in printed circuit board, so that circuit becomes smaller and can be easily fitted

into helmet. The circuit can also be powered by solar energy so that it uses green energy

and does no harm to environment .The flexible solar panels can fixed all along surface of

helmet. This type of helmet technology can be implemented for the combat helmets used

by the soldiers working under extreme temperatures.



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http://www.ijser.org/

http://www.ijser.org/Archive.aspx

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