visualizing radio waves
DESCRIPTION
Visualizing Radio Waves. What is this?. Austin Rings Mystery. 117 V isolation transformer. Austin Rings Mystery. 117 V isolation transformer. Secondary. Primary. Secondary. Primary. Secondary. Primary. Primary turns wound around toroidal core . Secondary. Primary. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Visualizing Radio Waves
What is this?
Austin Rings Mystery117 V isolation transformer
Primary
Secondary
Austin Rings Mystery117 V isolation transformer
Primary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Primary turns wound around toroidal core
Primary turns wound around toroidal core
The turns of the secondary are this diameter.
Primary
Secondary
Primary turns wound around toroidal core
The turns of the secondary are this diameter.
No core in here.
Primary
Secondary
Primary turns wound around toroidal core
The turns of the secondary are this diameter.
No core in here.
Primary
Secondary
the core for both is this
magnetic flux is within core
(primary turns)
(secondary turns)
(primary turns)
(secondary turns)
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
magnetic flux is within core
(primary turns)
(secondary turns)
magnetic flux is within core
There is nothing you can place in this area which would reveal a field.
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
How We Were Taught
That a field expands around and collapses around the coil.
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
It’s not so obvious, but even when close wrapped, the flux does not touch any of the wire.
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
It’s not so obvious, but even when close wrapped, the flux does not touch any of the wire.
Answer…
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
Answer…
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
Answer…a circulating electric field
If the changing magnetic flux is contained within the core…what in heaven’s name carries the power out to the secondary?
Answer…a circulating electric field
something rarely taught
It is a special kind of E field, an E-field that doesn’t radiate.
Answer…a circulating electric field
something rarely taught
It is a special kind of E field, an E-field that doesn’t radiate. It has curl and no divergence.
Answer…a circulating electric field
something rarely taught
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
A
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…the measurement involves going through the opening.
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…the measurement involves going through the opening.
A
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…the measurement involves going through the opening.
A
Efficiency is not affected by the looseness of the wind.
Any attempt to measure this kind of electric field with an antennawould fail.
Unless…the measurement involves going through the opening.
Austin Rings mystery shows how poor our models are.
• Models seem to have as their purpose, an aid to explain the math.• •
Austin Rings mystery shows how poor our models are.
• Models seem to have as their purpose, an aid to explain the math.• That the E-field can circulate and few teachers explain when and why.•
Austin Rings mystery shows how poor our models are.
• Models seem to have as their purpose, an aid to explain the math.• That the E-field can circulate and few teachers explain when and why.• That the fields do not collapse around a coil, they just get stronger and
weaker
Austin Rings mystery shows how poor our models are.
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
A
nothing
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
nothing
A
The magnetic field isentirely contained in the core
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
A
nothingThe magnetic field isentirely contained in the core
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
A
The magnetic field isentirely contained in the core
nothing
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
The electric field is the kind that circulates
A
The magnetic field isentirely contained in the core
nothing
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
magnetic field
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
magnetic field
If there’s no load on the secondary, the primary has high impedance. It becomes a choke.
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
electric field
magnetic field
If there’s no load on the secondary, the primary has high impedance. It becomes a choke.
air core choke
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
The Fields of a Transformer are not Radiating Fields
A
Can now be used to couple with the field
A
And Now: Radiating Fields
A
Can now be used to couple with the field
And Now: Radiating Fields
A
A radiating field sends away power, whether there is a load there or not.
Can now be used to couple with the field
And Now: Radiating Fields
Fraunhofer Region
A
Can now be used to couple with the field
And Now: Radiating Fields
Fraunhofer Region
AFresnel RegionCan now be used to couple with the field
electric field
Fraunhofer RegionFresnel Region
A
Can now be used to couple with the field
Radiating Fields
Radiating Fields
The Most Important Difference:• If there’s no receiver for the EM wave the power is radiated
anyway.•
Radiating Fields
The Most Important Difference:• If there’s no receiver for the EM wave the power is radiated
anyway.• Whereas for the transformer, if there’s no load the power
doesn’t come out.
Radiating Fields
The Most Important Difference:• If there’s no receiver for the EM wave the power is radiated
anyway.• Whereas for the transformer, if there’s no load the power
doesn’t come out.
Tesla was hoping there was a way to have both.
Fields do not collapse and expand,they just get stronger and weaker.
Radiating Fields
Fields do not collapse and expand,they just get stronger and weaker.
There is nothing that “flows” in spite of the word “flux”.
Radiating Fields
Sound Waves in a Solid
Sound Waves in a Solid
Sound Waves in a Solid
Compression Wave
Sound Waves in a Solid
Shear Wave
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
activity is
but energy goes
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
measurableintensity
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
measurableintensity
not
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
this is polarization
There’s any number of orientations the “S”
wave can move.
Sound Waves in a Solid
polarization is only possibleif vibrating transversely
Sound Waves in a Solid
polarization is only possibleif vibrating transversely
Fields do not collapse and expand,they just get stronger and weaker.
Sound Waves in a Solid
Sound Waves in a Solid
Sound Waves in a Liquid
Cannot Support Polarization
Sound Waves in a Liquid
Cannot Support Polarization
Sound Waves in a Liquid
Cannot Support Polarization
Sound Waves in a Liquid
A liquid cannot support a force called a “shear force.
Cannot Support Polarization
Sound Waves in a Liquid
Cannot Support PolarizationLongitudinal Waves
Sound Waves in a Liquid
Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal Waves
activity is
but energy goes
Transverse Waves Do Support Polarization
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
activity is
but energy goes
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Transverse Waves Do Support Polarization
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Transverse Waves Do Support Polarization
Transverse Waves Do Support Polarization
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• •
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• transverse and•
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• transverse and• travel through something rigid
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• transverse and• travel through something rigid
energy is not because of motion energy gets stronger and weaker
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
demo
The Spinning Bargraph Shows What an EM Wave Looks Like Rotationally
Now for a Longitudinal View
The Spinning Bargraph Shows What an EM Wave Looks Like Rotationally
An EM wave is said to be transverse
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• •
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction•
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction• it gets weaker and stronger
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction• it gets weaker and stronger
this construct is used because it is so hard to show something that gets weaker and stronger
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction• it gets weaker and stronger
this construct is used because it is so hard to show something that gets weaker and stronger
units are V / cm
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction• it gets weaker and stronger
this construct is used because it is so hard to show something that gets weaker and stronger
The length of the sensing element has nothing to do with the extent of the wave.
units are V / cm
An EM wave is said to be transverse • this does not mean that something has to move transversely• it exists in a dimension that is transverse to its direction• it gets weaker and stronger
units are V / cm
where this unit has a “direction”
where this unit has a “direction”
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain
another way to view it
where this unit has a “direction”
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain
another way to view it
this w
ay: n
othing
horiz
ontal
where this unit has a “direction”
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain
another way to view it
this w
ay: n
othing
horiz
ontal
units are V / cm
another way to view it
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain array of batteries
horiz
ontal
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain array of batteries
another way to view it
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain array of batteries
units are V / cm
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain array of batteries
units are V / cm
To visualize this we need to “strobe” it.
Fills space with an infinitely fine grain array of batteries
Stroboscope
source
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The Basic Interferometer
source
detector
The Basic Interferometer
source
detector
mirror
partialmirrormoving
mirror
source
path 1
detector
source
path 2detector
source
path 1
path 2detector
source
detector
source
from moving mirror
from fixed mirror
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detector
source
detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
source
detector
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detector
source
detector
(both waves are moving)
source
detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
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detector
source
detector
it doesn’t matter where our detector is
source
it doesn’t matter where our detector is
detector
source
it doesn’t matter where our detector is
detector
source
detector
source
detector
source
detector
source
detector
source
detector
source
detector
source
detector
any object
source
detector
improved
source
detector
improved
source
detectormore sensitive because no limit on the power
improved
Interferometer
Motion Sensor
end
compels one to believe in an electrically rigid medium.
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• transverse and• travel through something rigid• energy is not because of motion
compels one to believe in an aether.
the medium has to berigid to support polarization
it has to be able transmit a shear force
Electric Waves Have PolarizationTherefore they must be:• transverse and• travel through something rigid• energy is not because of motion