visual basic pgdca
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT – I
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE)
Defination of VB :-
Visual Basic] tSlk fd uke ls Li"V gS fd ;g basic dk
visual laLdj.k gSA basic dk iw.kZ :i beginnings all purpose symbolic
instruction codes gS tks dqN o"kZ igys rd mPpLrjh; programming
NksVs Hkk"kk ds :i esa NksVs programmers ls ysdj cM+s
programmers rd dh igyh ilan gSA blesa programming vR;Ur gh lgt
rFkk funsZ’k esa iz;qDr gksus okys 'kCn cM+s gh ljy FksA GUI
dk fodkl gksrs gh iz;ksDrk ekbØkslkW¶V us csfld dks graphical
user interface dh lqfo/kkvksa ds lkFk cktkj esa izLrqr fd;k A blds
cktkj esa ifjp; ds i’pkr~ dEI;wVj fo}kuksa us mPpLrjh; Hkk"kk
rFkk ,fIyds’ku fodkl ds {ks= esa ,d ØkfUr dh laKk nhA
Minimum Requirements To Load Visual Basic On Your Computer :-
;|fi ftruk vf/kd 'kfDr’kkyh vkidk dEI;wVj gksxk]
mruk gh csgrj Visual Basic dk bl ij dk;Z gksxkA ijUrq ;g vko’;d gS
fd ge ;g tku ysa fd bls lk/kkj.k rkSj ij pykus gsrq U;wure
vko’;drk,a D;k gSaA vko’;drk tks U;wure okaNuh; gSa] ;s gSa
&
(1)vkWijsfVax flLVe dk fo.Mkst laLdj.k gksuk pkfg, A
(2) izkslslj 486 ;k iSfUV;e gksuh pkfg;sA
(3) jSe 16 esxkckbV ;k blls vf/kd gksuh pkfg;sA
1
(4) gkMZ fMLd esa 250 esxkckbV ;k blls vf/kd txg gksuh
pkfg;sA
VB dh papulartly dh lcls egRoiw.kZ otg gSA IDE
programmer dks lkjh lgqfy;r nsrk gS tks fd fdlh ,fIyds’ku dks create
djus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA IDE muds fy;s dksM fy[kus] VsLV
djus vkSj exutable file cukus ds fy;s enviroment iznku djrk gS] ;s
exutable file enviroment independent gksrs gSaA vr% bu Qkby dks fdlh
Hkh e’khu esa ju fd;k tk ldrk gS ckotwn blds ml e’khu esa vb
install u gksA
VB ds IDE dks QLVZ Vkbe ju djus ij VB project type
dks flysDV djus ds fy;s iwNrk gSA lk/kkj.kr% ge std.exe file select
djrs gSaA
VB ds enviroment ds dqN egRoiw.kZ esU;w dek.M
Vwyckj ;k fo.Mkst gksrs gSa tks IDE Host djrk gSA
VB es fuEu izdkj dh windows gksrh gS &
(i) Project Window :-
Project Window mu lkjs Modules for form dk overview nsrk gS]
tks fd ,fIyds’ku esa fMQkbu gksA
(ii) Form Design:-
Form Design Window dk iz;ksx vius ,fIyds’ku esa QkWeZ dk
fdl rjg ls fMLIys djuk] mldh fMtkbfuax ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) Tool Box:-
;s fo.Mks dqN fu/kkZfjr vkWCtsDV dk lsV gksrk gS tks
QkWeZ esa replace fd;s tkrs gSaA ;s ctrl dgk tkrk gSA Ex. : command
button, text box, slider etc.
(iv) Code Window:- 2
bl fo.Mks esa QkWeZ ds vanj tks INTRINSIC ctrl gS mlds
fy;s dksfMax dh tkrh gSaA vr% dksM fo.Mks intrinsive ctrl ds
behaviour dks fuf’pr djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(v) Proterty Window :-
Property window esa selected ctrl dh ftruh izkWiVhZt gksrh
gSa] oks n’kkZ;h tkrh gSaA Property window ds }kjk selected ctrl ds
fdlh Hkh izkWiVhZ dks psUt fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Feature & Advantage of VB :-
(i) Even Driven :-
VB Application dks Event Driven ekuk tkrk gSA Even Driven dk
vFkZ gS fd ,fIyds’ku dks ;wtj }kjk Ctrl djukA ;wtj vius vki event
dks genrate djrk gSA tc oks fdlh Ctrl ij fDyd djrk gS ;k ekml dks
ewo djrk gSA mlh event ij VB response nsrk gSA ftlds fy;s dksM
fy[kk tkrk gsSA
(ii) Object Oriented Designed :-
VB dh Object Oriented Designed ds fizafliy dks support
djrk gSA VB ds ,fIyds’ku rjg&rjg ds vkWCtsDV }kjk fufeZr
gksrs gSaA gj vkWCtsDV Lora= iwoZd ,fDtV gksrs gSa vkSj
vius behaviour dks n’kkZrs gSaA ohch vkWCtsDV vksfj,sUVsM
izkWxzkfeax dks liksVZ djrk gS ysfdu iwjs rjg ls ugha A
(iii) Visual Programming :-
Microsoft esa VB dks Window@Application ds MsoyiesUV
ds fy;s cuk;k gSA VB esa ge izksxzke fMtkbfuax ds le;
QkWeZ ;k fo.Mkst dks ns[k ldrs gSaA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd
izksxzkfeax fMtkbfuax ds }kjk ge ;g r; dj ldrs gSa fd tc 3
izksxzke ju fd;k tk, rks fdl rjg fMLIys gks A VB dh ;g [kkfl;r gS
fd gesa QkWeZ fMtkbfuax ds fy;s T;knk dksfMax ugha djuh
iM+rh gSA
(iv) Extensible :-
VB vius Application dks vkSj important vkSj mlds ActiveX
ctrl ds }kjk iznku djrk gSA vkSj dynamic link libraries vkSj add Ins
ds }kjk Hkh iznku djrk gSA
Event Driven Programming :-
VB gesa ,d Complete ,oa Functional Window application cukus
esa enn djrk gS ftlds fy;s gesa flQZ Ctrl dks QkWeZ esa drop
djuk gksrk gS vkSj mu Ctrl ds Åij fdlh event ds fy;s code fy[kuk
gksrk gSA ge bu Ctrl ij ;wtj }kjk fDyd djus ij ;k Mcy fDyd djus
ij ;k ekml ewo djus ij gksus okys fdlh ,D’ku ds fy;s dksM fy[k
ldrs gSaA bldks even driven programming dgrs gSaA bls EDP blfy;s
dgrs gSa D;ksafd ,fIyds’ku event procedure ls feydj curs gSa vkSj
run time ij ;wtj }kjk fd;s x;s ,D’ku ij depend dj execute gksrs gSaA
USER INTERFACE DESIGNING :-
,d QkWeZ fMtkbu djus ds fy, ;wtj dks fuEu dk;ksZa dk
o.kZu fuEukuqlkj djuk gksrk gS &
1. Designing the User Interface :-
User Interface dk Basic component VB dk form gksrk gSA
QkWeZ ,d ,slk fo.Mks gS tks rjg&rjg ds object dks contain djrk
gSA Object Ctrl dks dgk tkrk gSA izksxzkej viuh vko’;drkuqlkj bu
4
Ctrl dks QkWeZ esa Iysl djrk gSA ,d ,fIyds’ku esa ,d ls vf/kd
QkWeZ gks ldrs gSaA
2. Writting Codes :-
VB ds event dks tujsV djus ds cgqr lkjs event gSa tSls
click, mouse move, key press , form ds Ctrl ds fy;s tks code fy[ks tkrs gSa
oks QkWeZ dk gh ,d Hkkx gksrk gS ;g code] code window esa
fy[ks tkrs gSaA Code window dks vksiu djus ds fy;s fdlh Hkh Ctrl
dks Mcy fDyd djus ;k Project explorer ls ;k Menubar esa view $ code ds
fDyd djus ij vksiu fd;k tk ldrk gSA dksM fo.Mks esa ge event
dks define dj ldrs gSa] tgka ij gj event ds fy;s ,d procedure sub routines
esa fy[ks tkrs gS] tks fd sub__endsub ds chp gksrs gSaA
3. Creating & Calling Procedure :-
VB esa event driven izksxzkfeax ds lkFk&lkFk moduls dh
Hkh facility provide dh x;h gSA Moduls ds vanj tks procedure fy[ks tkrs
gSa oks VB ds QkWeZ esa call fd;s tkrs gSaA Modul application esa
fdlh ,d QkWeZ ds lkFk connect ugha djrk gSA
4. Testing & Debugging :-
VB ds dksM esa syntax ;k logical error gks ldrs gSa VB ds
last stap esa ge os coding dh vksSj user inheritance dks last vkSj debug dj
ldrs gSaA Compile time error ;k run time error dks Kkr dj ge ml error dks
gVk ldrs gSaA VB esa debugging ds dkQh mathod gSaA tSls & fMcx
fo.Mks ds }kjk ;k ,fIyds’ku dks isij ij ju ds }kjkA
5. Converting to Routine Version :-
VB esa tc application iwjh rjg ls rS;kj gks tkrk gS rc
mls distributed version esa convert djus ds fy;s compile fd;k tkrk gSA
Compilation ds nkSjku VB dqN information dks contain djrk gS ok ml 5
information dks form file(.frm) vkSj modul form deckbUM j[krk gS vkSj
budk ,d flaUxy ,DlhD;wVscy Qkby cukrk gS tks fd ,d ls
vf/kd ;wtj esa fMLVªhC;wV fd;k tk ldrk gS bldk lcls
cM+k ,MokUVst ;s gS fd .exe version gS tks fd lkjs Qkby dks ,d
txg collect djrk gSA Application dks built djus ds fy;s Run time file o
nwljs Qkby Hkh ;wtj dks available djkrk gS .exe dh Qkby dks psUt
ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA .exe file create djus ds fy;s Qkby esU;w esa
main exe option ij fDyd fd;k tkrk gSA
-: TOOL BARS :-
VB es pkj Vwyckj gksrs gS&
1. Standard Toolbar :- ;g Vwyckj by default menu bar ds uhps iznf’kZr
gksrk gSA
2. Edit Toolbar :- ;g Vwyckj vkidks VB ds code dks laikfnr djusa es
lgk;d gksrk gSA
3. Form Editor tollbar :- ;g Vwyckj form ij object dks lek;ksftr djus es
lgk;d gksrk gSA
4. Debug Toolbar :- ;g VwYkckj rc iznf’kZr gksrk gS tc vki fdlh
fo’ks"k dksM dks leL;k dh <w<us rFkk blds lek/kku gsrq debug
djrs gSA fotqvy csfld ds bu Vwyckj dks n’kkZus rFkk fNikus ds
fy;s view menu es ls Vwyckj dks click djsa rFkk Vwyckj dk p;u
djsaA ;k vki esU;w ckj ;k standard toolbar ij nkW;k click dj shortcut
esU;w ls p;u dj iznf’kZr dj ldrs gSA
Tool Box :-
6
;g Window toolbar ls fHkUu gSA Tool box window lkekU;r
Vwy ckWDl ds uke ls
tkuk tkrk gSA Tools dk ,d lewg gS tks fu;a=dks ds ,d laxzg ds
#i esa dk;Z djrk gSA ftls vki vius QkWeZ ij j[k ldrs gSA
Tool box esa dHkh Hkh Vwy lekIr ugha gksrs gSA vki
QkWeZ ij ,d Vwy dks Mcy fDyd
djds j[k ldrs gSSA ;k bls QkWeZ ij drag dj Hkh j[k ldrs gSa A
Vwy CkkWDl ij VwYl bl izdkj gS :-
(1) Pointer :-
Tool box dk ;g ,dek= Tool tks fdlh fu;a=d dk fuekZ.k
ugha djrk gSA tc vki pointer dk p;u djrs gS rc bldh lgk;rk ls vki
igys las cus gq, fdlh Vwy ds vkdkj dks cny ldrs gSA
(2) Picture Box :-
bl fu;a=d dk iz;ksx image dks n’kkZus es fd;k tkrk
gSa rFkk image dk picture property ds lkFk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
(3) Label :-
;g vkidk oSlk text gksrk gS ftls vki ;wtj ds }kjk
ifjofrZr ugha djokuk pkgrs gSA
(4) Text Box :-
;g text dks iznf’kZr djrk gS ftls ;wtj }kjk cnyk tk ldrk
gSA Text Box Control NksVk text editor ds leku gksrk gSA bldh lcls
important property text property gksrh gSA tks control text dks fu/kkZfjr
djrk gS A
(5) Frame :-
bldk dk;Z form ij box dk fuekZ.k djuk rFkk nwljs rRoksa
dks lewghd`r djrk gSA 7
(6) Command Button :-
;g Window interface dk lcls lkekU; rRo gSA dek.M
cVu ,d fØ;k dks u:fir djrk gS rFkk ;g rc fØ;kfUor gksrk gS tc
iz;ksDrk bl cVu dks fDyd djrk gSA
(7) Check Box :-
bldk iz;ksx ,d ckWDl fuekZ.k djus esa gksrk gS ftlls
user lwfpr dj ldrk gS fd dksbZ pht lR; gS ;k vlR; ;k fQj bldk
iz;ksx cgqfodYi dks iznf’kZr djus esa gksrk gS ftlls user ,d ls
vf/kd fodYi dk p;u djrk gSA
(8) Option Button :-
bldh lgk;rk ls cgq fodYi iznf’kZr dj ldrs gSa ftlesa
user dsoy ,d fodYi dk p;u dj ldrk gSA
(9) Combo Box :-
;g control list box dUVªksy ds leku gS ijUrq blesa ,d text
edit field text edit field gksrk gSA user lwph ls fdlh item dk p;u dj ldrk
gS ;k fQj edit box esa string enter izfo"V dj ldrk gSA
(10) List Box :-
;g dUVªksy fodYiksa dh ,d lwph iznf’kZr djrk gS tgka
ls user ,d ;k vf/kd fodYi dk p;u dj ldrk gSaA Check box ;k option button
ls fHkUu] list box dUVªksy dbZ iafDr;ka j[k ldrk gS rFkk user fdlh
item dks locate djus ds fy, lwph dks scroll dj ldrs gSaA List box control
esa p;fur vkbVe dks Text property fn;k tkrk gSA
(11) HScrollBar :-
;g dUVªksy cM+h ek=k esa lwpuk ;k vkbVeksa
dh ,d yEch lwph ds 'kh?kz Hkze.k ds fy, (Horizontal ScrollBar)
{kSfrt LØkWy ckj iznku djrk gSA ;g Ldsy ij orZeku fLFkfr dks 8
lwfpr djrk gSA ;k xfr ;k ek=k lwpd vFkok buiqV fMokbl dh rjg
gksrk gSA
(12)VScrollBar :-
;g dUVªksy cM+h ek=k ds lwpuk dks ;k vkbVeksa
dks yEch lwph ds 'kh?kz Hkze.k ds fy, (Vertical ScrollBar) mnxz
LØkWyckj iznf’kZr djrk gSA ;g Ldsy ij orZeku fLFkfr dks lwfpr
djrk gSA ;g ,d buiqV fMokbl dh rjg vFkok xfr ;k ek=k ds lwpd
ds :i esa gksrk gSA
(13) Timer :-
vki bl dUVªksy dk iz;ksx fu;r varjky ij dk;ksaZ dks
lEiUu djus ds fy, gksrk gSA Timer control dk eq[; property intervel
gksrk gS tks ;g fuf’pr djrk gS fd Vkbej vkids ,fIyds’ku dks fdl
izdkj lwfpr djsaA ;fn varjky izkWifVZ 1000 gS rc Vkbej
dUVªksy izR;sd 1 lsd.M ij timer event dks fuxZeu djrk gSA
(14) Drive List Box :-
;g dUVªksy vkids flLVe ds drive dks drop down lwph esa
iznf’kZr djrk gS ftls user p;u dj ldrk gSA
(15) Dir List Box :-
;g dUVªksy orZeku Mªkbo ds lHkh QksYMjksa dh ,d
lwph iznf’kZr djrk gS rFkk QksYMjksa ds inkuqØe esa user dks
Åij ;k uhps move djus nsrk gSA
(16) Shape :-
bl dUVªksy dk iz;ksx Graphical rRoksa dks QkWeZ tSls
ckWDl] o`Rr dks QkWeZ dh lrg ij cukus esa djrk gSA
(17) Line :-
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bl dUVªksy dk iz;ksx QkWeZ ij js[kk [khapus ds fy,
gksrk gSA
(18) Image :-
;g dUVªksy Picture box control dh rjg gh gSA ijUrq blls vki
fdlh image box esa vkd`fr;ka cuk ldrs gSa rFkk blds fy, dqN
lalk/ku vko’;d gSaA
(19) Data :-
;g dUVªksy vkids QkWeZ ij ckmUM dUVªksy ds ek/;e ls
MkVkcsl esa MkVk ,Dlsl iznku djrk gSA
(20) OLE :-
;g dUVªksy ,d fo.Mks tks vki vius QkWeZ ij fLFkr dj
nwljs ,fIyds’ku tSls Word ;k Excel ds MkWD;wesUV dks host dj ldrs
gSaA bl dUVªksy ds tfj,] vki nwljs ,fIyds’ku ds QaD’kufyfV
dks ,Dlsl dj ldrs gSaA ;fn og OLE dks liksVZ djrs gSaA
Menu Bar :-
MenuBar mu commands dks iznf’kZr djrk gS ftudh t:jr
gesa viuh ,Iyhds’ku dks fodflr djrs le; iM+rh gSA Main menu items
ds vUrxZr dqN Sub menu items gksrs gSa ftUgsa vko’;drk ds
nkSjku iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gsA MenuBar esa miyC/k ToolBar gesa
vius lkekU; iz;ksx esa vkus okys dek.M~l dks vfr’kh?kz iznku
djrs gSA MenuBar esa eq[; :i ls fuEu menu gksrs gSa :-
(1) File :-
bl Menupad dk iz;ksx fdlh Hkh izkstsDV dks open, save djus
rFkk u;s izkstsDV cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blds }kjk ge
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izkstsDV dh fØ;kkUo;u ;ksX; (Executable file) Qkby Hkh cuk ldrs
gSaA ;g dqN le; iwoZ cuk;s x;s izkstsDV dh lwph Hkh iznf’kZr
djrk gSA
(2) Edit :-
bl Menupad ls ge vius dksM dks edit dj ldrs gSaA ;fn gesa
dqN <wa<+uk] cnyuk rFkk fdlh VSDLV dh ,d vkSj dkWih rS;kj
djuk gSa rks ;g blls lEcfU/kr dek.M tSls& Cut, Copy, Paste, Find,
Replace vkfn ls dj ldrs gSaA
(3) View :-
bl Menupad esa IDE ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa dks n’kkZus rFkk
mUgsa fNikus ds fy;s dek.M~l gksrs gSaA
(4) Project :-
bl Menupad ds commands ds }kjk orZeku izkstsDV esa fofHkUu
?kVdksa dks tksM+k rFkk gVk;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA bl esU;w esa
ge u;s form] module] user controler] property page] DHTML ist rFkk
izkstsDV 1 dh izkWiVhZt dks ns[k ldrs gSa rFkk muesa cnyko
dj ldrs gSaA
(5) Format :-
bl Menupad dh dek.M ds }kjk ge QkWeZ ij fu;a=dksa
dks ,ykbu rFkk lkekU; vkdkj esa Hkh cny ldrs gSaA blds }kjk
ge vius fu;a=dksa esa {kSfrt rFkk Å/okZdkj] Lisflax ,oa vius
fu;a=dksa dks ykWd Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
(6) Debug :-
bl Menupad esa debugging ls lEcfU/kr dek.M~l gksrs gSaA bu
dek.M~l ds }kjk ge izkstsDV ds fØ;kUo;u ds nkSjku mlesa
break points cuk ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa gVk Hkh ldrs gSaA bl 11
esU;w ds }kjk ge izkstsDV esa ?kM+h dks tksM+dj expression dh
fuxjkuh Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
(7) Run :-
bl Menupad esa miyC/k fodYiksa ds }kjk orZeku ,Iyhds’ku
dks start] break rFkk mlds fØ;kUo;u dks lekIr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
blesa start] break] end vkfn dek.M~l gksrs gSaA
(8) Query :-
bl esU;w esa miyC/k fodYiksa dks vklkuh ls iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ;g esU;w MkVk csl dks fMtkbu djrs le; active gksrk gSA
bl esU;w ds vUrxZr SQL flUVSDl dks psSd dj ldrs gSa rFkk fn;s
x;s ekuksa dks ?kVrs gq, o c<+rs gq, Øe esa cny ldrs gSA
blls lHkh ykbuksa rFkk dkWyeksa dk ,d lkFk pquko fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
(9) Diagram :-
bl Menupad ds fodYiksa ds }kjk MkVkcsl dks design rFkk edit
fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds }kjk ge vius VSDLV ds QkWUV] ubZ
lkjf.k;ksa dks tksM+uk] istczsDl dks O;w djuk] lkjf.k;ksa dk
vkdkj cnyuk tSls dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA ;g esU;w MkVkcsl ,Iyhds’ku
dk fuekZ.k djrs le; ,fDVo gksrk gSA
(10) Tools :-
bl Menupad esa miyC/k fodYiksa ds }kjk Active X ?kVdksa rFkk
Active X fu;a=dksa dks fMtkbu fd;k tk ldrk gSA esU;w ,fMVj dks
Hkh [kksyk tk ldrk gS rFkk option ds }kjk ge okrkoj.k dks Hkh
O;ofLFkr dj ldrs gSaA blesa u;s izkslhtjksa dks tksM+k rFkk
muds vf/kdkjksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
(11) Add-Ins :- 12
bl Menupad esa miyC/k fodYiksa ds }kjk Add-Ins laLFkkid rFkk
Visual MkVk laLFkkid dks tksM+k ,oa gVk;k tk ldrk gSA By default
blesa Visual MkVk laLFkkid install jgrk gSA
(12) Window :-
bl Menupad ds miyC/k fodYiksa ds }kjk LØhu ij foaMks dks
Å/okZdkj rFkk {ksSfrt vkdkjksa esa O;ofLFkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
UNIT - II
DATA TYPES IN VISUAL BASIC
Data Type :-
tSlk fd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS pjksa (Variables) dk
iz;ksx ekuksa (value) dks laxzfgr djus esa gksrk gS vkSj User
Variablea dks uke nsrs le; ;g lwpuk miyC/k djkrs gSa fd Variable
fdl izdkj dk eku laxzfgr dj ldrs gSaA ekuksa ds izdkjksa dks ge
data type dgrs gSaA tSlk fd uhps fn;k x;k gS fotqvy csfld fofo/k
data types dks support djrk gSA
(1) String :-
String variable character dks liksVZ djrs gSaA String variable 32 bit
version esa nks vjc dSjsDVj( two billions character) dks j[k ldrs gSsa]
tcfd 16 bit esa 65-535 characters dks laxzfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(2) Integer (iw.kZ la[;k) :-
iw.kZ la[;k eku vis{kkd`r NksVs ekuksa & 32768 vkSj
32767 ds chp ds eku dks lax`fgr dj ldrs gSaA
(3) Long Integer :-
13
cM+h iw.kZ la[;k pj (Long integer variable) ,d ,slk izdkj gS ftls
igys QBASIC esa izLrqr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g & 2]147]483]648 ls
2]147]483]647 ds chp dh iw.kZ la[;kvksa dk laxzg dj ldrk gSA
(4) Single :-
;g variable vuqeku :i esa (approximation) esa la[;k (numbers) dk
laxzg dj ldrs gSaA os ;k rks fractions esa gks ldrh gSa fdUrq vki
lkr vadksa dh lVhdrk ds izfr vk’oLr gks ldrs gSaA bl Vkbi ds
pjksa ds fy, x.kuk,a Hkh vuqekfur gh jgrh gSaA
(5) Double :-
;qXe pj (double variable) 16 ekuksa rd dh lVhdrk j[k ldrs gSa
vkSj 300 ls vf/kd vadksa dks Lohd`fr nsrs gSaA buesa ,dy pj
ds eqdkcys x.kuk /kheh xfr ls gksrh gSaA
(6) Currency :-
Currency variables binary frection ls decimal fraction esa cnyus esa
gksus okyh leL;k dks nwj djus ds fy, designedfMtkbUM gksrh
gSaA bl Vkbi esa n’keyo ds nk;ha vksj 4 vad vkSj n’keyo ds
ck;ha vksj 15 vad gks ldrs gSaA
(7) Date :-
MsV MsVk Vkbi tuojh 1]100 e/; jkf= ls fnlacj 31]9999 rd
MsV vkSj Vkbe dks laxzfgr djus dh lqfo/kk miyC/k djkrh gSA
(8) Byte :-
ckbV MsVk Vkbi dks loZizFke Visual Basic 4-0 esa lfEefyr fd;k
x;k FkkA ;g 0 ls 225 ds chp iw.kkZadksa dks j[k ldrk gSA ;g
de LFkku ?ksjrk gS vkSj binary files dks handle djus esa lgk;d gksrk
gSA
14
(9) Boolean :-
Boolean type dk iz;ksx rc gksrk gS] tc gesa true or false pjksa dks
iz;ksx djus dh vko’drk gksrh gSA
(10) Variant :-
tc vki ;g fufnZ"V ugha djrs fd og fdl izdkj dk pj gS fotqvy
csfld bls oSfj;SUV eku ysrk gSA
VARIABLES :-
Variable ,sls LFkku /kkjd gksrs gSa] ftuesa ekuksa dks
laxzfgr fd;k tkrk gS muds name vkSj data izdkj gksrs gSaA fdlh pj
dk data type bl ckr dks fu/kkZfjr djrk gS fd mu eksuksa dk
izfrfuf/kRo dj jgs bits fdl izdkj dEI;wVj dh Le`fr esa laxzfgr fd;s
tkrs gSaA tc fdlh pj dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh tkrh gS rks ge blds
fy, ,d MkVk Vkbi fufnZ"V dj ldrs gSaA lHkh pjksa dk ,d MsVk
Vkbi gksrk gS tks ;g r; djrk gS fd mlesa fdl izdkj ds MkVk dks
laxzfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;fn ge Lor% gh data type dks fufnZ"V ugha djrs rks pj Lor%
gh Variant data type eku ysrk gSA ;fn ge fdlh pj ds fy, dksbZ MsVk
Vkbi fu;r djrs gSa rks fotqvy csfld ml MsVk dks vf/kd
dq’kyrkiwoZd iz;ksx dj ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vki ukeksa]
irksa] jkf’k;ksa] cM+h la[;kvksa] NksVh la[;kvksa vkSj
ykWftdy MsVk ds lkFk dke djrs gSa tks lgh ;k xyr gks ldrs
gSaA fotqvy csfld fofHkUu MsVk Vkbi dks liksVZ djrk gS]
blfy, ;g vkidh lHkh izksxzkfeax dh t:jrksa dh iwfrZ dj ldrk gSA
15
Declaring Variables (pjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djuk):-
Variables dh ?kks"k.kk djuk] izksxzke dks igys ls gh blds
ckjs esa crk nsuk gSA ge ,d Dim dFku (statement) ds ek/;e ls
Variable ds fy, ,d uke nsrs gq, bldh ?kks"k.kk djrs gSaA blls igys
fd vki pjksa dk iz;ksx djsa vkidk ml Variable dks dim statement
ds }kjk fy[kk tkuk pkfg, A fdlh pj dh ?kks"k.kk djus ds fy, fuEu
izk:i iz;skx djrs gSaA
Dim variable_name As [type]
Ex. :- Dim Year As Integer
vko’;drk iM+us ij vki ,d ls vf/kd pjksa dks ,d gh dFku
esa ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSaA
Ex. :- Dim Year As Integer, Amount As Currency
fdlh pj dks variant type fufnZ"V djus ds fy, vkidks flQZ Variable
dk uke vkSj mlds
ckn dim fy[kuk gksrk gS tSls :-
Ex. :- Dim Moo
Constants (vpj) :-
Variables dh Hkkafr gh Constants Hkh ekuksa dks laxzfgr djrs
gSa] fdarq tSlk fd uke ls Li"V gS] muds eku vpj gksrs gSa
vkSj dk;kZUo;u ds nkSjku cnyrs ugha gSaA vpj dks Hkh pjksa
dh Hkkafr gh ?kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj muds ukedj.k ds fu;e
Hkh leku gSaA vpjksa dks vf/kdre 255 dSjsDVj fn;s tk ldrs
gSaA igyk latter capital gksuk pkfg, vkSj ;g la[;k rFkk underscore dks
Hkh j[k ldrk gSA vpjksa ds nks fuEu lzksr gSa&
16
System provided constants lo fufeZr vpj gksrs gSa tks vkWCtsDV
czkmtj ls dksM fo.Mks esa isLV djus ds fy, miyC/k gksrs
gSaA F2 nckdj ;k view click dj vkSj esU;w ckj esa vkWCtsDV
czkmtj pqudj vkWCtsDV czkmtj dks ns[kk ;k ik;k tk ldrk
gSA Microsoft Excel rFkk Microsoft Project esa miyC/k vkWCtsDV
ykbczsjh Hkh vpjksa dh ,d lwph miyC/k djkrs gSaA fotqvy
csfld vpj vb ls vkjaHk gksrs gSa] tcfd MsVkcsl vpj db esa
milxZ ds :i esa iz;ksx djrs gSA
User defined constants dks const dFku dk iz;ksx djds ?kksf"kr fd;k
tkrk gSA
Arrays :-
fdlh Hkh izksxzkfeax Hkk"kk esa MsVk dh NaVkbZ djus
ds fy, Array rqyukijd jpuk (comparsion structure) dk ,d vk/kkj gksrk
gSA tgka fd ,dy pj ,d gh entity dks ns[k ldrs gSa] tSls & a number,
data ;k string] array lacaf/kr MsVk ds leqPp; dks /kkj.k dj ldrk
gSA ,d array dk variable dh Hkkafr gh ,d uke gksrk gS vkSj mlesa
laxzfgr ekuksa rd ge fuEu lwph ds }kjk igqap ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, vki ,d osru dks laxzfgr djus ds fy, pj dk mi;ksx
dj ldrs gSa A
Salary = 3400
ysfdu rc tc vki 16 deZpkfj;ksa dh salary dks laxzfgr djuk
pkgas rks D;k gksrk gS \ ;k rks vki 16 pjksa dh ?kks"k.kk djrs
gSa % salary 1, salary 2, up to salary 16
;k vki 16 elements okys ,d array dh ?kks"k.kk dj nsaaA
17
Declaring Arrays (,sjs dh ?kks"k.kk djuk) :-
Array dks Dim statement ds lkFk ?kksf"kr fd;k tkr gS ftlds ckn
array dk uke vkSj ftls ge brackets ds vUnj j[krs gSa blds }kjk
/kkj.k fd;s tkus okys elements dh vf/kdre la[;k vkrs gSA Ex. :- Dim
Names (15) as string
Dim salary (15) as long
Types of Arrays :-
Visual Basic ds rhu izdkj ds Array gksrs gSa :-
Fixed – size or static array
Dynamic array
Multi- Dimensianal array
FIXED-SIZE OR STATIC ARRAYS :-
fu;rkdkj ,sjs esa memory allocation dHkh ugha cnyrkA
fu;rkdkj ,sjs dk Qk;nk ;g gS fd izksxzke ds vkjaHk esa gh
eseksjh dks ,d rjQ dj fn;k tkrk gSA
Ex. :- Dim Errand (13) As String
,d 14 elements okys vo;o dks mu string ds fy, lsV djrk gS tks
izR;sd izfØ;k esa n`’; (visible) gksrs gSaA ;s items, Errand (0) esa
Errand (13) ds tfj, laxzfgr fd;s tk,axsA
DYNAMIC ARRAYS :-
xfrd ,sjs esa vki size dks vR;Ur vklkuh ls cny ldrs gSaA
xfrd ,sjs }kjk iznRr yphykiu ;g gS fd vki izksxzke }kjk encounter
fd;s x, vkdkj ds vuqlkj vki bls cny ldrs gSaA fdlh dynamic array
18
dks fdlh QkWeZ ;k eksM~;wy esa lsV djus ds fy, ] bl rjg dks
dFku &
Ex. :- Dim Errand ( ) As String
Form or module ds declaration laaHkkx esa j[ksaA rc vki izfØ;k ds
Hkhrj LFkku vkoafVr djus ds fy, ReDim statement dk iz;ksx djrs gSa
%
Private Sub NameOfProcedure ( )
Dim Number As Integer
ReDim Errand (Number)As string
.
.
End Sub
MULTI DIMENSIANAL ARRAYS :-
vki ,d ls vf/kd vk;ke okys ,sjs izkIr dj ldrs gSaA cgq
vk;keh ,sjs dks lkj.kh ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ,d cgqvk;keh ,sjs
esa ,d ls vf/kd subscript gksrk gS blhfy, ,d ls vk;ke gksrs gSa A
vk;keksa dh la[;k bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd lkj.kh esa direction
dh la[;k fdruh gSaA
COLLECTIONS :-
,d dysD’ku vkWCtsDV ,d ,slk object gS ftlds fgLls
vko’;drkuqlkj vyx&vyx refer fd;s tk ldrs gSa] vkSj blds ckn Hkh
t:jr gksus ij vkWCtsDV dks laiw.kZ :i ls Hkh ppkZ dj ldrs gSaA
fotqvy csfld esa Lo&fufeZr dysD’ku Hkh gksrs gSa tks vkidks
izkstsDV ds lHkh QkWeksZa ds ckjs esa rFkk ,d [kkl QkWeZ
19
esa lHkh dUVªksYl ds ckjs esa lqpuk nsrs gSA mUgsa Forms
vkSj Controls dgk tkrk gSA
vki fy[k dj ;k fdlh Form ;k dUVªksy rd igqap ldrs gSaA
mnk- ds fy, Forms(0) vkSj Forms(1) . Forms.....;k bl rjg ds vkSj]
nqHkkZX; ls ;|fi fxurh 0 ls vkjaHk gksrh gS] QkWeZt ¼0½
LVkVZvi (startup) QkWeZ ugha gSaA Forms collection dk Øe control
collection ds QkWeZ dh gh rjg vfuf’pr gSA mnk- ds fy, fuEu
dksM] fMcx fo.Mks esa lkjs yksM fd, QkWeZ dk 'kh"kZd Nkirk
gSa A tks vkids fMcx fo.Mks esa fLFkr izkstsDV gksrk gSA
Ex. :- Dim 1 As Integer
For 1 = 0 to forms. count-1
Debug.Print forms (1). Caption
Next 1
PROCEDURES (izfØ;k,a):-
izfØ;k,a ,d cM+s izksxzkfeax Assignment ds NksVh bdkbZ
vkSj fgLls gSaA budk mi;ksx mu tasks dks de ;k y?kqrj (reduce)
djus esa gksrk gS tks fdlh performance esa ckj&ckj involve gksrs
gSA
izfØ;k,a fuEu ekeyks (cases)a esa mi;ksxh gksrh gSa :-
;fn dksbZ error lkeus vkrk gS rks vkidks iwjs izkstsDV dks
debug ugha djuk iM+rkA Error dk irk yxkdj mlh izfØ;k ds
mi;ksx }kjk mUgsa nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vko’;drk iM+us ij bu izfØ;kvksa esa FkksM+s ifjorZu ds
lkFk bUgsa nwljss izksxzke esa Hkh iqu% iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
20
izfØ;k dks tSlk fd vkxs ppkZ dh x;h gS] lkekU; :i ls rhu
izdkjksa esa ckaVk x;k gSaA
ARGUMENTS (rdZ) :-
Subroutines & functions 'ks"k vuqiz;ksx ls iwjh rjg
vyx&Fkyx ugha gksrs A vf/kdka’k izfØ;k,a izksxzke ls rdZ
Lohdkj djrh gSaA igys okys mnkgj.kksa esa os Subroutines
ftUgksaus dbZ fHkUu ?kVukvksa dks gsUMy fd;k Fkk og rdZ
iznku ugha fd;k ;k fQj ,d ;k mlls vf/kd fd;k FkkA mnkgj.k ds fy,
fDyd Subroutines ds ikl dksbZ rdZ ugha Fkk] D;ksafd lkjk dqN
Subroutines ds uke gh FkkA bls dUVªksy fDyd djrs gq, iz;ksDrk
dks gsUMy djus ds fy, dksM dh vko’;drk Fkh] ijUrq bls fdlh
vfrfjDr lwpuk dh vko’;drk ugha FkhA vki izfØ;k dh ?kks"k.kk
esa rdZ dk C;kSjk nsrs gSa] fcuk Dim statement ds gh Key ASCII
,d ,slk rdZ gS tks nckbZ xbZ key ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrh gSA
^key press* Subroutines dk dksM laHkor% key stroke dks izkslsl djrk
gS vkSj mls blds tkudkjh dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA ;kn j[ksa fd ,d
rdZ ,d ,slk eku (value) gS tks vki izfØ;k rd igqapkrs gSa vkSj ftl
ij izfØ;k lkekU;r% dk;Z djrh gSA bl rjg Subroutines & functions 'ks"k
vuqiz;ksx ls laokn dk vknku&iznku djrh gSaA Function Hkh rdZ
Lohdkj djrs gSa ijUrq cgqr ls ekeyksa esa ,d ls vf/kd rdZ
Lohdkj djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, :-
Function Min (a As Variant, b As Variant) As Variant
Min = IIF (a<b,a,b)
ARGUMENT PASSING MECHANISM :- 21
Argument Passing Mechanism lcls egRoiw.kZ izfØ;kRed
ekeyksa esa ,d gS tks rdZ dks ikl djus ds fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh
gSA mnkgj.kksa us vc rd reference ds }kjk argument ikl djrs gq,
fd;k ;k tks Lor% default mechanism gSA nksuksa mechanism ds chp
varj vkSj izR;sd dks dc iz;qDr fd;k tk, ;g tkuuk egRoiw.kZ gSA
PASSING ARGUMENTS BY REFERENCE :-
Reference ds }kjk arguments pass djuk izfØ;k dk okLrfod
variable rd igaqpkrk gSA calling process variable ds address dks memory
esa igqapkrk gS rkfd izfØ;k vius eku dks LFkk;h :i ls cny ldsA
Basic vkSj Visual Basic ds igys okys laLdj.kksa esa flQZ ;gh ,d
vkX;wZesUV ikflax esdsfuTe FkkA ,d u;k fotqvy csfld izkstsDV
vkjaHk djsa vkSj QkWeZ ds dksM fo.Mks esa fuEu QaD’ku dks
n’kkZ;sa &
Function Add (num 1 As Integer, num2 As Integer) As Integer
Add = num 1 + num 2
num 1 = 0
num 2 = 0
End Function
PASSING ARGUMENT BY VALUE :-
tc vki eku ds }kjk Argument pass djrs gSa] rks izfØ;k
argument dh flQZ ,d copy ns[krk gSA ;gka rd fd ;fn izfØ;k cny Hkh
ns rks ;g ifjorZu LFkk;h ugha gksrkA eku ds }kjk Argument pass
djus dk ykHk ;g gS fd rdZ eku izfØ;k ls i`Fkd gks tkrs gSa vkSj
rc flQZ os izksxzke ftlesa os declare fd;s tkrs gSa] muds ekuksa
22
dks cny ldrs gSaA eku ds }kjk Argument pass djus ds fy, FkksM+h
vkfrfjDr typing dh t:jr gksrh gS vkSj ;s Lor% gh Argument pass djus
dk rjhdk ugha gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] bl ckr dh ?kks"k.kk djus ds
fy, fd Degrees( ) QaD’ku ds Argument dks eku ds }kjk pass fd;k tkrk
gS rks Argument dh ?kks"k.kk esa fuEu izdkj ls By Val keyword
iz;ksx djsa &
Function Degrees (By Val Celsius As Single) As Single
Degrees = (9/5)* Celsius + 32
End Function
FUNCTION RETURN VALUES :-
tSlk fd iwoZ ds laLdj.kksa esa Function return eku flQZ
iw.kkZad rFkk string type ls tqM+s gq, Fks] fdUrq vc Function custom
data type rFkk ;gka rd fd array Hkh ykSVkrk gSA ;g Hkk"kkvksa dh
,d u;h fo’ks"krk gS] blfy, ge bls xgjkbZ ls ,DlIyksj djsaxs vkSj
dqN mnkgj.kksa ij Hkh fopkj djsaxsA QaD’kuksa dh lHkh izdkj
ds MsVk dks ykSVkus dh ;ksX;rk] mUgsa cgqr yphykiu iznku
djrk gS vkSj og coding dks Hkh ljyhd`r dj nsrk gSA
FUNCTION RETURNING DATA TYPES :-
Function ds }kjk ykSVk, x, custom data type dks module esa ?
kksf"kr djuk pkfg,A eku ysa vki dks ,sls QaD’ku dh vko’;drk
gS tks xzkgd dk cpr vkSj cps gq, jkf’k dh tkap dj crk,aA bl
custom type dks fuEu izdkj ls fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
Type CustBalance
BalSavings As Currency
23
BalChecking As Currency
End Type
rc vki ,d ,slk QaD’ku fu/kkZfjr dj ldrs gSa tks ,d CustBalance
MasVk Vkbi dqN bl izdkj ykSVkrk gS & Function GetCustBalance
(custID) as CustBalance
[Statements]
End Function
CONTROL STATEMENT :-
Control Statement dk iz;ksx Program execution ds flow dks control
djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA VB es program execution ds flow dks muds
action ij vk/kkfjr dj nks Hkkxks es ckVk x;k gS :-
1. Branching. 2. Looping.
(1) Branching Statement :-
Branching statement dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc fdlh
fu/kkZfjr condition ds
vk/kkj ij dksbZ dk;Z djuk gSA blds fy;s if statement and selece case dh
enn yh tkrh gSA
a(a) if.........then :-
if.........then structure fof’k"V 'krZ dh tkWap djrk gSA ;fn og
lR; gS rks blds ckn vkus
okys statement dks dk;kZfUor djrk gSA if structure dk ,d line ;k ,d ls
vf/kd line dk syntax gks ldrk gSA
Syntax :-
if condition then
statement block
endif
24
Example :-
private sub command1_click()
i=input box(“enter any value”)
if i>100 then
msgbox(“it is greater then no.”)
endif
endsub
(b) if......then......else :-
if......then......else dFku if......then dFku dk ,d #ikUrj gS tks ,d
dFku ds block dks rc dk;kZfUor djrk gSA gSA ;fn og lR; gS vkSj
nwljs block dks dk;kZfUor djrs gS tc 'krZ false gksA
Syntax :-
if condition then
statementblock - 1
else
statementblock - 2
endif
Example :-
private sub command1_click()
i=input box(“enter any value”)
if i>100 then
msgbox(“it is greater then no.”)
else
msgbox(“it is less then 100”)
endif
endsub
25
(c) Select Case :-
bl branching dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc user ds choiceds vuqlkj
dksbZ dk;Z djrk gSA
Syntax :-
Select case Expression
Case ExpressionMatch
Block of one or more VB statement
Case ExpressionMatch-1
Block of one or more VB statement
Case ExpressionMatch-2
Block of one or more VB statement
Case ExpressionMatch - n
Block of one or more VB statement
Case else
Block of one or more VB statement
end select
bles case Expression dh value ds vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr case ds
statement
execute gksrs gS ;fn ;wtj ftu value ds fy;s case define gSA muls vyx
dksbZ value enter djrk gS rks case else statement execute gksrs gSA
Example :-
private sub text3.change()
i=val(text3.text)
select case i
case 1
text4.text=val(text1.text)+val(text2.text)
case 2
26
text4.text=val(text1.text)-val(text2.text)
case 3
text4.text=val(text1.text)*val(text2.text)
case 4
text4.text=val(text1.text)/val(text2.text)
end select
end sub
(2) Looping Statement :-
Programming es looping dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ge ;s
pkgrs gS fd dksbZ statement fdlh fu/kkZfjr condition ds vanj repeat
gksrk gS ;k gksrk tk, A Looping es statement tc rd repeat fd;k tkrk gS
tc rd nh xbZ 'krZ iwjh ugh gks tkrh gSA
(a) Do-Loop :-
bl condition es statemet es do ds lkFk fy[kk tkrk gS blfy;s program
loop ds block es tkus ls igys loop ds lkFk nh xbZ conditon dks check
djrk gS vkSj condition ds true gksus ij gh block es enter djrk gSA
Syntax :-
do while condiotion
statemet
.............
loop
Example :- Program to get Factorial Number
private sub command1_click()
i=input box (“Enter any value :-”)
fact = i
27
do
fact = fact *i
i = i – 1
loop while i >= 1
? fact
end sub
(b) For – Next Loop :-
For next loop dk iz;ksx fdlh statemet dks fu/kZkfjr le; ds fy;s execute
djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA bles loop ds starting and end point dks for statement
ds lkFk fy[kk tkrk gSA
Syntax :-
for i = start value to end value [step value]
statemet
next
Example :- Program for CIRCLR
dim i as integer
i = 2000
for i = 2000 to 10000
form1.circle (4800,3000),rnd * i , rgb(rnd*255,rnd*255,rnd*255)
next i
end sub
(c) While – Wend :-
;s loop Hkh true loop ds tSls gh dk;Z djrk gS ysfdu bl loop dks
can djus ds fy;s wend dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Syntax :-
while condition
statement
wend
28
Example :-
number = 0
while number => 0
total = total + number
number = inputbox (“please enter more number”)
wend
Nested Control Structure :-
VB es control structure dks ftruh Lrj es vki pkgsa nested fd;k tk
ldrk gSA izksxzke dks vklkuh ls i<us ;ksX; cukus ds fy;s nested decision
and loop structure ds bodies dks indent djuk vke ckr gSA
Syntax :-
for irow = 0 to ubound (Array2(0))
for icol = 0 to Ubound (Array2(1))
{prosecc element array2 (irow , icol) }
next icol
next irow
Exit Statement :-
Exit statement dk iz;ksx loop statemet ds fy;s iz;ksx fdlk tkrk
gSaA vr fdlh loop dks iwjs rjg ls execute gksus ls igys ;fn jksd fn;k
tk, rks exit statement dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Example :-
private sub cmd1_click()
i = 0
do while i < 10
? i
if i = 5 then
exit do
endif
29
i = i +1
loop
Program :-
1. check djsa fd text box empty gS ;k ugha A
private sub command1_click()
dim a as integer
a = 0
if isempty (a) then
msgbox (“empty”)
else
msgbox (“not empty”)
endif
end sub
2. tks text1 es fy[kk tk, og lkFk lkFk text2 and form ij Hkh print
gksA
private sub text1_change()
text2.text = text1.text
? text1.text
end sub
3. Fibonack series ds fy;s program fyf[k;sA
private sub commnad1_click()
a = 0
b = 1
? a; b;
for i = 1 to 5
c = a + b
a = b
b = c
? c;
30
next
end sub
4. Text box es fyf[k x;h value date type gS ;k ughA
private sub commnad1_click()
if isdate (text1.text) then
msgbox (“ok”)
else
msgbox (“enter date type value”)
endif
end sub
5. Even and odd number dh tkWp djukA
private sub commnad1_click()
dim i as integer
i = inputbox (“enter any number :-”)
if i mod 2 = 0 then
msgbox (“Number is Even”)
else
msgbox (“Number is Odd”)
endif
end sub
UNIT – III
** BUILDING BLOCK OF VISUAL BASIC **
BASIC ACTIVE X CONTROL :-
bu Controls esa text box, list box, scroll bar and slider 'kkfey gSA bl lesson
esa ge bu lcds ckjs esa tkusaxsA ;s lHkh interface cukus esa ,d
egRopw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSA ;s fuEu fyf[kr gS :-
31
(1) Text Box Control :-
Text box control user dks program es value enter djus ds fy;s
facilitya iznku djrk gSA Text box control dk iz;ksx VB ds izksxzke es
fd;k tkrk gSA
Some Property Of Text Box Control :-
(i) Alignment :-
;s property text box es fy[ks contain dks left , right , centre es align
djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Right alignment dk iz;ksx lk/kkj.kr numeric
value dks display djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) Lock Property :-
Lock property dks value dks true djus ls user dks change djus ls
jksdk tk ldrk gSA lk/kkj.kr lock property dks true fdlh calculation or data
base dks read only j[kus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) Max Length Property :-
;fn text box esa character dks enter djus ds fy;s limit
fu/kkZfjr djuk gks rks Max Length Property dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) Password Char property :-
;fn text box dks Password text box dh rjg use djuk gks rks
Password Char property esa Char string fy[kuk iMrk gSA tc Password Char
esa dksbZ string fy[kh tkrh gS rks ml text box ds fy;s cut or copy
command automatically inactive gks tkrk gSA rkfd ml text box es fy[ks x;s
character dks copy or cut dj ds iz;ksx u fd;k tk ldsA
(iv) Font Property :-
bl property dk iz;ksx text box esa fy[ks x;s charatcter das font
dks set djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
Text Box dh Run Time Property :-
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Run Time Property oks property gskrh gS tks application execute ds
nkSjku gh dke
djrh gSA Text box ds fy;s eq[; #i ls rhu Run Time Property gksrh gSA
(i) Sel Start Property :-
;s izkiVhZ blinking caret ds position dks return djrk gSA ;fn caret
text box control ds Contains ds begning esa gks rks selstart 0 return djrk gSA
vkSj ;fn caret contains ds vanj esa gS rks sel start len(text) value dks return
djrk gSA
(ii) Sel length Property :-
;s izkiVhZ text box control ds vanj selected text ds length dks
return djrk gSA
(iii) Seltext property :-
Seltext property text ds selected Hkkx dks fjVuZ djrk gSA ;fn
dksbZ Hkh text selected u gks rks ;s property empty string return djrk gSA
(2) Combo Box Control :-
Combo box ctrl dk iz;ksx Hkh list box ctrl dh rjg list item dks
save djus fd;k
tkrk gSA Combo box text box and list box ls feydj curk gSA ;s ctrl ds
Hkh dqN izkiVhZ dks hold djrk gSA List box and combo box es varj ;s
gS fd list box es ge editing ugh dj ldrs tcfd combo box esa editing dh tk
ldrh gSA List box user dks multiple selection djus nsrk gSA tcfd combo
box esa ge multiple selection ugh dj ldrk gSA
Some Property Of Combo Box Control :-
(i) Sorted :-
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bldk iz;ksx combo box ds vanj present item dks sorted order es
display djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) List :-
bldk iz;ksx combo box es item dks enter djus ds fy;s iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) Top Index :-
;s combo box ds lcls igys element ds index no. dks return djrk
gSA
(iv) Style :-
bldk iz;ksx combo box ds appearance dks set djus ds fy;s
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Style property ds fy;s 3 value fu/kkZfjr dh x;h
gS tks fd combo box ds appearance dks speciefied djrk gSA
1 & Simple
2 & Dropdown list :- ;s value combo box ds edit property dks display
djrk gSA
(iv) Locked :-
;s property combo box dks lock djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS ftles
user flQZ list dks ns[k ldrk gSA ysfdu list es ls fdlh item dks select
ugh dj ldrk gSA
Method :-
List box ds method, combo box es Hkh use fd;s tk ldrs gSA Ex :-
add item, remove item, list index, list count etc.
D;ksfd combo box text box dh property hold djrk gS bl fy;s text box
dks runtime
property Ex :- sel start , sel length , sel text dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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(3)Scroll Bar Control :-
Scroll bar es horizontal scrollbar and vertical scrollbar nksuks
gh ,d izdkj ls
dk;Z ls dk;Z djrs gSA bu nksuks es flQZ buds orientation es
difference gksrk gSA budk iz;ksx fdlh value dks scrolling bars ds iz;ksx
dj set fd;k tkrk gSA scrollbar ftls fn;s nks fuf’pr value ds e/; navigate
djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
Some Property Of Combo Scrollbar Control :-
(i) Max Pro :-
;s property scrollbox ds scrollbars es vFkok right most corner es
gksus ij value property ds eku dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA maximum
property by defualt 32767 gksrh gSA
(ii) Min Pro. :-
;s property scrollbar ds most left ds value dks fu/kkZfjr djus ds
fy;s iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA
(iii) Large Change :-
;s property ;s fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd scroll box rFkk scroll arrow ds
e/; scroll bar ds fgLls ij fDyd djus ij value property es fdruk change
gksuk pkfg,A by defualt ;s value 5 gksrh gSA
(iv) Small Change :-
;s property ;s fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd tc user scroll arrow ij click djsa
rc value property es fdruk change gksaA
(v) Value Property :-
Value property scroll bar dh current position dks set ;k return djrk gS ;s
value &32768 ls 32767 rd gks ldrh gSA blds vykok value property
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dk eku lnSo minimum rFkk maximum property ds value ds chp gksrk
gSA
Scollbar nks rjg ds gksrs gS &
1. Vertical Scrollbar :- ;s scrollbar ds }kjk user mij ,ao uhps move dj
ldrk gSA
2. Horizontal Scrollbar :- blds }kjk user left ;k right dks move dj ldrk
gSA
Scrollbar dh lgk;rk ls user 3 rjg ls value property change dj ldrk gS &
(i) Scrollbar arrow ij click djds
(ii) Scrollbar indicator rFkk Scroll small arrow ds chp click djdsA
(iii) Scrollbar indicator dks move djdsA
Scroll bar es nks rjg ds event gksrs gS &
(i) tc user scroll indicator dks move djrk gS rFkk move djus ds ckn
mouse button
NksMrk gS tc ;s event fire gksrk gSA tc indicator move gks jgk
gS tc ;s event ?kfVr ugh
gksrk gSA
(ii) tc Scrollbar indicator move gksrk gS rc ;s event fire gksrk gSA
(4) List Box Control :-
List Box Control dkas ,d item dh list provide djrk gSA ftles
ls ,d ;k vf/kd
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item user select dj ldrk gSA ;s ctrl forms ij user }kjk fu/kkZfjr space select
djrk gSA ftles user }kjk entered list item gksrs gSA List box coding
}kjk ;k list box dh list property }kjk item dks insert fd;k tk ldrk gSA List
box es list property dk iz;ksx dj item insert djus ds fy;s list property es
down arrow ij click dj item dk uke fy[kk tkrk gS ,ao mles vkSj item
tksMus ds fy;s enter press djds fQj ls down arrow ij click fd;k tkrk gSA
List box es coding ds nkSjku item insert djus ds fy;s add item dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA
Some Property Of List Box Control :-
(i) Multiselect property :-
;s property ;s fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd users list es ls item dks fdl
izdkj ls select djsxk ;s property design time fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gS
multiselect property ds }kjk ;s fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS fd user list es ls
multiple selection dj ldrk gS ;k ugh bl property ds 3 value gksrs gS &
0 & Multiple select allowed
1 & Simple multiple seletion
2 & standard multiple selection
tc user list es ls multiple selection djuk pkgrk gS rks oks multiselect
property 1 ;k 2 gksuh pkfg;s fdlh Hkh list es multiple election djus ds
fy;s fu/kkZfjr item ds Åij mouse pointer dk strl button dks press dj ds click
djuk iMrk gSA
(ii) Style Property :-
;s property list box ds apperance dks fu/kkZfrj djrh gSA
List Box Method :-
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(i) Add Item :-
bl method dk mi;ksx list es program execution ds nkSjku item dks
add djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
Syn. :- list.additem<item>
Exam :- list.additem “Simla”
(ii) Remove Item :-
List box es fdl item dks remove djus ds fy;s bl method dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ftles ml item dk index no. fn;k tkrk gS ftls
remove djuk gSA
Syn :- list.removeitem<index>
Exam :- list.removeitem 2
(iii) Clear Method :-
bl method ds }kjk list ds lHkh item dks clear fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Syn :- list.clear
(iv) List Found :-
;s method list ds vanj fdrus item gS mudh la[;k dks return djrk
gSA
(v) List Index :-
;s method list es select fd;s x;s item dks n’kkZrk gSA
(vi) Selected :-
;s property ,d array gS tks fd ;s Kkr djus ds fy;s mi;ksx dh
tkrh gS fd list es dkSu dkSu ls item selected gSA
(vii) Selcount :-
;s method list es dqy fdrus item selected gS ;s return djrk gSA
(lable , text box and command button dk iz;ksx djuk gSA)
private sub command1_click()
dim arr(5) as string
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arr (0) = “raj”
arr (1) = “rahul”
arr (2) = “ram”
arr (3) = “rajesh”
arr (4) = “rohit”
arr (5) = “ramesh”
for j = 0 to 5
list1.additem arr (5)
next
end sub
ftles user igys ls enter djsxk fd mls list es fdrus item enter
djus gS fQj program ds }kjk ge user ls mrus gh item ds fy;s name
accept dj ik;saxs vkSj mUgs list es add djsaxs blds ckn ;fn user fdlh
item delete djuk pkgs rks mlds fy;s user ml item dk index no. enter djsxk
vkSj remove button ij click djus ls oks item ml list es ls remove gks
tk,xkA
( list box and command button 2 dk iz;ksx djuk gSA)
(genral coding )
dim name as string
for i = i to 5
name = inpurbox (“”)
list1.additem name
next
nks list box cuk;s ftles ,d listbox es nqN items gksxs vkSj user ml list
es ls ftl Hkh item dks pkgs oks nwljs list box es transefer gks tk,A
(5)Slider Control :-
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Slider control scrollbar contro dh Hkkafr gh dk;Z djrk gSA ijarq
;s range dh contineous value ugh ysrk gSA Slider ctrl es fu/kkZfjr la[;k
es tick marks gksrs gS ftUgs programmer name ns ldrk gSA Users slider
indicator dk mi;ksx dj desired value izkIr dj ldrk gSA
Slider ctrl tool box ij miyC/k ugh gksrk gS bls mi;ksx djus
ds fy;s tool box ij right click djrs gS ftlls fd ges control menu izkIr
gksrk gS ctrl menu ls component ij click djrs gS ftlls ,d dialog box izkIr
gksrk gS ftles ls microsoft comman ctrl 5-0 dks pqurs gSA ftlls fd tool
box ij dqN extra ctrl izkIr gksrs gSA bues ls ,d slider ctrl gksrk gSA
Some Property Of Slider Control :-
(i) Min Property :-
bl property dk iz;ksx slider ctrl ds minimum value dks set djus ds
fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) Max property :-
bl property dk iz;ksx slider ctrl ds maximum value dks set djus ds
fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) Small Change property :-
;s oks Smallest value gS tks fd slider dh value property es silder
indicator dks move djrs le; dh tkrh gSA user small change value ds fy;s
slider indicator dks change djrk gSA D;ksfd slider ctrl es left rFkk right
arrow key ugh gksrh gSA
(iv) Large Change :-
Slider es large change value izkIr djus ds fy;s use djds indicator ds
nksuks rjQ slider ds Hkkx ij click dj ldrk gSA
(v) Value Property :-
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;s property slider es indicator dh orZeku fLFkrh dk eku store
djrk gSA
(vi) Tick Frequency :-
;s slider scall ij tick mark set djrk gSA
mnkgj.k & fdlh slider es ;fn fuEu setting nh x;h gS &
min = 0
max = 100
small change = 0
large change = 20
tick frequency = 25
rc slider scall ij --------tickmark gksxs D;ksfd slider dh dqy value 100
dk gS rFkk tick frequency 25 gSA
Slider Ctrl ds eq[; #i ls nks event gksrs gS &
(a) Change :- tc ge indicator dh position move djus ds i’pkr mouse button
dks NksMrs
gS rc ;s event fire gksrk gSA
(b) Scroll :- tc indicator fujarj move djk;k tk jgk gks rc ;s event fujarj ?
kfVr gksrk gSA
tc indicator move djuk lekIr gks tkrk gS ;s event can gks
tkrk gSA
(6) File Control :-
Toolbox esa fLFkr files contrl ds }kjk ge computer ds file system
dks access
dj ldrs gSA File control rhu izdkj ds gksrs gS &
(i) Drive List Box :-
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Drive list box control combo box dh rjg gh ,d control gSA ftles
automatically computer ds dirves ,ao volume lavels load gks tkrs gSA bldh
eq[; property drive property gSA
(ii) DIR List Box :-
;sa current drive es fLFkr folder dks display djrk gSA bldh basic
property path proeprty gSA
(iii) File List Box :-
;s current folder dh lHkh files dh list display djrk gSA bl control dh
basic property path property gksrh gSA tks fd folder dk path name gksrh
gSA
tSls & *.txt , *.doc , *.frm etc.
Question :- ,d program fyf[k, dtles drive list box , dir list box , rFkk mles file list
box
dks ns[kk tk lds A
dim filename as string (genral coding)
file1.pattern= “*.txt;*.frm;*.doc”
end sub
private drive1_change ( )
dir1.path = “left $ (dir1.drive,1) &:1”
end sub
private sub dir1_change ( )
file1.path = dir1.path
end sub
private sub file1_click ( )
filename = file1.path
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if tight $ (filename , 1) <> “\” then
filename = filename & “\” & file1.filename
endif
? filename
end sub
private sub file1_dblclick ( )
fnum = freefile ( )
open filenamr for input as # fnum
text1.text = input (lof (fnum) , fnum)
end sub
(7) Command Dialog Control :-.
Comman dialog control application dks viuh service provide djrk
gSA tks fd form ij runtime ij display ugh gksrh gSA ;s ctrl fufy builtin
dialog box provide djrs gS &
(i) Open :-
;s file open dialog box djrs gS tks fd user dks open dh tkus
okyh file dks select djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gSA
(ii) Save As :-
File save comman dialog box ds }kjk user ml file dks name select ;k
specify djrk gS ftles current document dks save fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) Color :-
color dialog box ds }kjk user color select dj ldrk gSA
(iv) Font :-
blds }kjk user current select text ds fy;s ubZ style dks pqu ldrk
gSA
(v) Print :- 43
Print comman dialog boc dh lgk;rk ;s user printer select vkSj set dj
ldrk gSa
(vi) Help :-
help comman dialog boc VB ds help to pics dks display djrk gSA
budh value fufy gS :-
S.N. METHOD VALUE ACTION
1 SHOWOPEN 1 DISPLAY THE OPEN DIALOG BOX
2 SHOWSAVE 2 DISPLAY THE SAVE DIALOG BOX
3 SHOWCOLOR 3 DISPLAY THE COLOR DIALOG BOX
4 SHOWFONT 4 DISPLAY THE FONT DIALOG BOX
5 SHOWPRINTER 5 DISPLAY THE PRINTER DIALOG BOX
6 SHOWHELP 6 INVOKE HELP ENGINE
(8). File Open And File Save Dialog Control :-
File open vkSj file save dialog box yxHkx ,d tSls gh gksrs
gSA ge file open vkSj file save dialog box ds apperance dks customize dj
ldrs gSA File open vkSj file save dialog box dh dqN property fuEu gS :-
(i) Dialog Title :-
;s property comman dialog box ds caption dks set djus ds fy;s iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) INIT Dir :-
;s ml directory dk uke gksrk gS tks dialog box ds open gksus ij
display gksrk gSA
(iii) Default EXT :-
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;s file dks default extension assign djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSA ;fn user file dks save djrs oDr mldk extension name ugh gksrk gS
rks ml file dks default extenstion name assign gks tkrk gSA
(iv) File Name : -
;s prompt fd;s x;s file ds uke dks contain djrk gSA
(v) Filters :-
;s file ds filters dks set djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blds
fy;s filter property es ml string dks fy[kk tkrk gS ftles item ds pairs
gksrs gS tks pie sign ds }kjk seprate fd;s tkrs gSA
(vi) Important Flag property :-
SN CONSTANT DESCRIPTION
1 CDLOFN read only Open as read only checkbox dk state set djus
ds fy;s
2 CDLOFN pathmust exist ;g ml file uke dks accept ugh djrk gS
ftldk path invalid gSA
3 CDLOFN overwrite prompt Existing file dks overwrite djus ls igys msg
box display djrk gSA
(9). The Tree Vew Control : -
Tree view control items dh hierching dks n’kkZrk gS tgka fdlh
item ds lkFk ‘+’ sign gksus ij ;s n’kkZ;k tkrk gS fd bl item ds
lkFk ,d ;k vf/kd child item gSA Tree view ctrl node object ds collection dks
n’kkZrk gSA gj node object viuh viuh property dks contain djrs gSA
Some Property of Tree View Control : -
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(i) Style :-
;s property fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd fdl grphical element dk use ctrl ds
vanj djuk gSA Tree view ctrl pkj grphical elememt dks n’kkZrk gSA
(ii) Line Style Property :-
;s property tree view ctrl es lines ds draw style dks fu/kkZfjr djrh
gSA bldh nks value gksrh gSA
0 & TVW Treeline
1 & TVW Rootlines
(iii) Label Edit Property :-
;s property fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd fdlh node ds lkFk associate text
dks user modify dj ldrk gS ;k ughaA
(iv)Image List :-
Image list combobox gj individual node object ds fy;s image retriew
djus ds fy;s option availavel djokrk gSA
(v) Sorted Property :-
;s property fu/kkZfjr djrh gS fd ctrl es lkjs node sorted gS ;k
ughaA
(vi) Check Box :-
;fn bl property dks true fd;k tkrk gS fd gj ,d node fd lkFk check
boc appear gksrk gSA
(vii) Node esa Object dks Add djuk :-
;s ,d runtime property gSA ftlds }kjk program execution ds nkSjku
node object dks add fd;k tkrk gSA node object flQZ runtime ds nkSjku
gh add fd;s tk ldrs gSA blds fy;s node collection ds add method dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
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(10) List View Control :-
;s ctrl pkj view mode dks support djrk gS A Icon , Small icon , List
and report list view ctrl nks rjg ds collection dks n’kkZrk gSA List items
object vkSj coloumn header collection tks fd object ds appearance dks
fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA
Some Property Of List View Control :-
(i) View :-
View property fuEu value es ls dksbZ ,d value gks ldrh gS &
0 & LVW Icon
1 & LVW List
2 & LVW Small Icon
3 & LVW Report
(ii) Arrange Property :-
;s property deside djrh gS fd icon ctrl ds left ;k top dh rjg allign
gksaxasA
(iii) Multiselect :-
;s property ctrl es ,d ls vf/kd list item dks select djus ds fy;s
vuqefr nsrk gSA
(iv)List es Object dks Add djuk :-
fdlh list ctrl es u;s item dks add djus ds fy;s list view item
collection dks add method dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
** GRAPHICS CONTROL **
;fn ges check box optional button vkSj command button dks graphic
ctrl es cnyuk gks rkfd ;s ctrl user dks vkdf"kZr dj lds vkSj user bu
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ctrl dks ns[kdj gh budh mi;ksfxrk dks igpku lds rks fQj ges bu
ctrl ds style property dks 1-graphical set djuk iMsxk ,slk djus ls ctrl dk
apperance cny tkrk gSA blds ckn ge ml ctrl ij n’kkZus ds fy;s ,d
image pqurs gSA tks vf/kdrj icon ;k bitmaps gksrs gS A Image dks
select djus ds fy;s ctrl ds picture property dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Command button ds muds vyx vyx style ds fy;s vyx vyx
picture assign dj ldrs gSA e.g. button ds down state ds fy;s docon picture
property state ds fy;s disables picture property picture dks runtime ij Hkh load
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
TkSls :- command1.picture = loadpicture (“pathname”)
Graphic Method :-
VB ds graphic method ds }kjk developer, line, pointer, eg rectangle,
circle vkSj allips drow dj ldrs gSA bu method dk iz;ksx dj ge line ds
color ,ao shapes dks color ls ;k pattern ;s fill dj ldrs gSA
(i) Drawing Point :-
Pset method dk iz;ksx dj ge form ij ;k picture box ij single pixel
draw dj ldrs gsA bl method dks arguments es igyk ,ao nwljk arguments x
vkSj y coordinate dks specify djrk gS A rhljk arguments pixel ds color dks
set djrk gSA
Example :- (10000 , 10000) , vbred
Pset method object ds drawwidth property ls Hkh izHkkfor gksrk
gS A drawwidth
property dks set djus ds ij pset }kjk buk;s x;s pixel dks NksVs ;k cMs
vkdkj es fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Ex. :- private sub command1.click ( )
for i = 1 to 1000
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drawwidth = rnd * 10+1
pset (rnd*scalewidth , rnd*scaleheight) , rgb (rnd*255, rnd*255, rnd* 255)
next
end sub
(ii) Pointers :-
Point method dk iz;ksx pixel ds RGB color value dks return djus
ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex. :- private sub form_mousemove ( )
label1.caption = hex $ (point (x,y))
end sub
(iii) Drawing Line :-
Line method dk iz;ksx straight line empty rectangle vkSj filled
rectangle dks draw djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Straight line djus ds fy;s
ges flQZ staright ,ao ending point dks specify djuk iMrk gSA vkSj vxj
ge pkgs rks color dks Hkh specify dj ldrs gSA Line method ds fy;s
fuEu izdkj ls gS :-
Ex. :- Line (start x, start y) – (End x,end y) , color
private sub form_mousemove ( )
drawwidth = 2
line (0,0) – (x,y)rgb (rnd*255,rnd*255,rnd*255)
end sub
Line method ds output object ds
drawwidth ,ao draw style property ij fuHkZj djrh gS tgkW
drawwidth line dks specify djrk gS vkSj drawstyle line ds
style dks specify djrk gS tks by default 0 – vbsolid gksrk gSA
CONSTANT VALUE DESCRIPTION
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VBSOLID 0
VBDASH 1 ------------------------------
VBDOT 2 ........................................
VBDASHDOT 3 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
VBDASHDOTDOT 4 -..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..
VBINVISIBLE 5
VBINVISIBLESOLID 6
(iv) Draw Rectangles :-
Recatangle dks draw djus ds fy;s line method ds lkFk ‘0’
dks forth argument ds #i es iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr es
coordinate rectangle ds nks foijhr corner dks point djrk gSA Rectangle dks
fill djus ds fy;s argument es ‘DF’ fy[kk tkrk gSA ;k blds fy;s object ds
fill style ,ao fill color property dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Ex. :- private sub command1_click ( )
fillstyle = vbvartical
fillcolor = vbred
line (2000 , 1000) – (7000 , 5000) , vbgreen , B
line (7000 , 5000) – (9000 , 70000) , vbcyan , DF
end sub
(v) Drawing Circle :-
Circle method dk iz;ksx circle draw djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
Syn.:- circle [step] (x, y) , radius , [color] , [start] , [end]
Ex. : private sub command1_click ( )
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for i = 1 to 10000
circle (4000,4000), i , rgb (rnd*255,rnd*255,rnd*255)
next
end sub
(vi) Print Method :-
Print method dk iz;ksx text draw djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS
tks form picture box ds current point ij text dks draw djrk gSA text ctrl dks
current font ,ao size es print gksrh gSA
(vii) Text Width And Text Height :-
;g method ,d string Argument nsrh gSA ml argument dk width ;k
height return djrh gSA Text width, ,o text height tks fd graphical method dks
suppport djrs gsA eg form , printer and picture box.
Ex. : form1.textheight (“welcome”)
** IMAGE HANDLING IN VB **
lkekU; rkSj ij graphics nks Js.kh ds gksr gSA Vector vkSj
Bitmap. Vector graphics
os image gS tks fd graphics ds eku tSls line and circle }kjk genrate dh
tkrh gSA Vector graphics ds image gS tks fd pixel graphics base in process
gksrh gSA Vector image dks tc vkdkj es c<k;k tkrk gS rc mldh
quality mruh vPNh gh jgrh gS ftruh fd igys Fkh mles fdlh Hkh
izdkj dk destortion ugh vkrh gSA tcfd Bitmap block structure ds #i es
izdV gksrh gSA Vector drived dks u;s resolution ij vklkuh ls genrate
fd;k tkrk gSA
Graphic fu fy es ls fdlh ,d ctrl ij cuk;k tk ldrk gSA form ,
picture box or image box mijksDr rhuks es ls image box ctrl dk mi;ksx 51
image dks dispaly djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA u fd u;s image dks create
djus ds fy;s ;k manupulate djus ds fy;s A Form vkSj picture box ctrl
graphics dks runtime ij design djus ds fy;s iz;ksx djrs gSA
(i) Design Image :-
;fn Strech property image box ds fy;s true gksrh gS rc image box
dh size mles fLFkr image dh size dh rjg gks tk,xh picture box ds
fy;s ;fn mldh autosize property true gS rks picture box ctrl dimensional image
ds vk/kkj ij set gks tkrs gSA
(ii) Loading And Saving Image :-
fdlh graphics dks ( ) ctrl ij load djus ds fy;s loading picture
method dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Loading picture method ,d parameter pass
djrk gS tks fd graphics file dk name gksrk gSA ;s file fuEu es ls
fdlh ,d extension dk gks ldrk gSA BMP, JPG, GIF, ICO, DIB, WMF, EMF
;fn loading picture method dk iz;ksx fcuk fdlh argument ds
fd;k tkrk gS rc
current picture memory ls unload gks tkrh gSA
Example :- Runtime ij picture box es image load djus ds fy;s
picture1.picture = loadpicture (“pathname”)
;fn program dh execution ds le; image dks save djuk pkgrs gS rks save
picture statement dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftldk syntax fuEu izdkj dk
gS&
Syn :- savepicture picture , flename
Exam :- savepicture picture1.picture “c:\xyz.gif”
(iii) Picture and Image Property :-
Drawing object dh ,d property image property gS tks fd property
window es display ugh gksrh gSA Picture box dh picture prperty save picture
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dks contain djrh gSA ;s property bitmap es fd;s x;s fdlh Hkh runtime
chnage dks contain ugh djrh gSA ysfdu image property runtime ij fd;s x;s
change dks bitmap ds lkFk return djrh gSA
Exam :- (picture2.picture = picture1.picxture)
COORDINATE SYSTEM :-
Coordinate Screen ;k Printer ds fdlh Paper ij fLFkr fdlh pixel dh
position crkrk gSA izR;sd point vFkok pixel dk viuk ,d unique address
gksrk gSA ftles fd ,d row no. tks fd horizontal coordinate vkSj col. no.
tks fd vertical coordinate dks represent djrk gSA Form ij dksbZ Hkh
coordinate mlds x and y coordinate }kjk igpkus tkrs gSA Coordinate ds
lkFk dk;Z djus ds fy;s scale ds property ,ao method dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
Scale ds Property o Method :-
(i) Width And Height :-
;s nks property fdlh dymension fu/kkZfjr djrh gS tks fd ml ctrl
ds contain ds unit es fu/kkZfjr gksrs gSA
(ii) Left And Top :-
;s property ctrl upper left corner ds coordinate system ds vk/kkj ij set
djrs gSA ;fn bl property dh value dks change djrs gS rc ctrl dh position
Hkh change gks tkrh gSA
(iii) Scale method :-
Scale method dk iz;ksx user define coordinate dks set djus fd
fy;s djrs gSA bldk syntax fUkEu izdkj ls gS &
form1.scale (x,y) – (x2x2)
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bl syntax es (x2,x2) upper left corner ds coordinate gksrs gSA vkSj
(x2,y2) ;s
lower left corner ds coordinate gksrs gSA Scalse method ds }kjk ge specified
coordinate system es ls ctrl ds horizontal rFkk vertical dimensional izkIr dj
ldrs gSA
(iv) Current x , Current y :-
VB es tc line rFkk shape draw djrs gS rc draw djrs le; ;fn
starting point specify ugh fd;k x;k gSA rc current point line dk starting point
cu tkrk gSA tc line draw current point cu tkrk gSA Current x rFkk Current
y current coordinate system dh current x property es rFkk current y proeprty es
set gks tkrh gSA
UNIT IV
MENU EDITOR :-
Menu Intrinsic Ctrl gksrs gSa tks nwljs pulldown menu /
dropdown menu Intrinsic Ctrl ls fyad gksrs gSaA ge menu item dks form ij
drop ugha djrs gSa cfYd esU;w vkbVe dks menu editor window }kjk
creat djrs gSa A Menu Editor tool dks standard toolbar esa esU;w ,fMVj
Vwyckj ds }kjk ;k Ctrl + E shourtcut key ds }kjk invoke fd;k tkrk gSA
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gj ,d Menu Item dh ;s Caption property vkSj name property
gksrh gS tks mu vkbVe dks form ij display djrh gSA muds Åij
perform fd;s x;s event dks gSUMy djrs gSaA bu izkWiVhZ dh rhu
boolean property gksrh gSaA Enabled, Visible vksSj checked menu editor ds
'kkWVZdV option }kjk ge esuw dks shortcut key iznku dj ldrs gSaA
esuw dks creat djus ds fy, fuEu step gksrs gSA
(i) lcls igys Menu ds uke vkSj caption property dk iz;ksx dj menu item
dks mfpr uke
vkSj caption fn;k tkrk gsaA
(ii) Creat fd, x, Menu ds fy, SubMenu cukus ds fy, right arrow SubMenu
cukrk gSA
right arrow bl symbole dk iz;ksx SubMenu dks creat djus ds fy, fd;k
tkrk gSA tks 55
,d& ,d level djds c<+rk gS A
(iii) Next menu cukus ds fy, menu editor esa next button ij fDyd fd;k
tkrk gSA
(iv) ;fn gesa okfil menu esa vkuk gS rks mlds fy, left arrow button ij
click djuk iM+rk gSSaA
(v) fdlh Menu item dks delete djus ds fy, ml main menu dks select dj
menu editor ds
delete button ij fDyd djuk iM+rk gSA
(vi) ;fn fdUgh nks esuw ds chp esa ,d u, esuw dks add djuk gks
rks esuw ,fMVj ds insert button dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA a
POPUP MENU :-
tc fdlh application esa right click djus ij Menu editor appear gksrk
gS rks bl esuw dks Popup Menu dgk tkrk gSA Visual Basic esa Popup
Menu dks display djus ds fy, QkWeZ esa Popup Menu method dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSSA bls object ds mouse down event ij fy[kk tkrk gSA
private sub form 1_mousedown (button as integer, shift as integer, x as single,
y as single)
if button and vbright button then
popub menu mnulist
endif
end sub
Popup Menu method esa tks argument pass fd;k tkrk gS
oks ,d menu gS tks fd menu editor dk mi;ksx dj creat fd;k tkrk
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gSA ;fn ge pkgrs gSa fd Submenu flQZ popup dh rjg gh dk;Z djs
rks gesa ml submenu ds visible property dks false djuk iM+rk gSA
MDI (Multiple Document Interphase):-
MDI dk eryc Multiple Document Interphase gS ftldk iz;ksx
microsoft ds vf/kdrj ,fIyds’ku ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA tSls & MS Word,
MS Excel, MS PP vkfnA MDI application dks devlop djus ds fy;s MDI form
modul project esa add djuk iM+rk gSA MDI form dks add djus ds fy,
project menu esa add MDI form option dks flysDV djuk iM+rk gSA ,d
izkstsDV esa flQZ ,d gh MDI form gks ldrk gSA izkstsDV esa MDI
form option disable gks tkrk gS A MDI form modul regular form modul ds tSls
gh gksrs gSa ysfdu mldh fo’ks"krk,a vyx gSaA
(i) ,d izkstsDV esa flQZ ,d gh MDI form modul gks ldrk gS tcfd ,d
izkstsDV esa jsxwyj QkWeZ cgqr lkjs gks ldrs gSaA
(ii) MDI form dks surface ij ge vf/kdrj dUVªksy dks directly place ugha
dj ldrs A flQZ mu dUVªksy dks MDI form ij yk;k tk ldrk gSA tks
fd invisible gksa vkSj mu dUVªksy dks Hkh Iysl fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tks align property dks support djrs gSaA tSls& MDI form dk iz;ksx
vf/kdrj menu creat djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
(iii) MDI form ds surface ij fdlh text ;k graphics dks display ugha fd;k tk
ldrk gS ;fn gesa vko’;drk iMrh Hkh gS fd MDI form ds Åij text ;k
graphics dks display djuk gS rks MDI form ij picture box control dk iz;ksx
dj mlds vUnj text ;k graphics dks difine djrs gSaA
MDI Child Form :-
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MDI form object ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd child form dks contain dj ldrk
gS Child form creat djus ds fy, regular form dks izkstsDV esa add dj
blds MDI child property dks True djuk iMrk gSa A
MDI Child form dks mlds parent form ds ckgj display ugha fd;k
tk ldrk gSA ;fn MDI Child form dks startup form cuk;k tk, rks parent MDI
form child form ds visible gksus ls igys automatically load gks tkrk gSA
MDI Child form nwljs regular form dh rjg menubar dks display ugha
djrk gSA ;fn MDI Child form ij fdlh top level menu dks add fd;k tk, rks
form ds active gksus ij parent MDI form ds Menubar dks replace dj nsrk
gSA
Error Handling :-
Error Handling dk iz;ksx VB esa run time error dks handle djus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ftles a,fIyds’ku }kjk tujsV fd, x, error ds fy,
coding fy[kh tkrh gSA Error Handling ds fy, fuEu method dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(i) On Error Resume Next :-
bl Error Handler dk iz;ksx rc fd;k tkrk gS tc ge ;g pkgrs
gSa fd VB ds }kjk tujsV fd, x, run time error dks execution ds nkSjku
ignore dj izksxzke dks vkxs c<k;k tk, ;fn procedure ds fdlh statement
esa error gks vkSj execution ds nkSjku run time error tjusV gksus dh
vko’;drk gks rks bl Handler dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS error okys
tatement dks ignore dj next tatement dks execute dj ldrs gSaA
Exa :-
dim txt as textbox
private sub command1_click ( )
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on error resume next
for each txt in form1.controls
txt text = “ ”
end sub
(ii) On error goto (label) :-
bl method dk iz;ksx Hkh error dks handle djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gS ysfdu bl method ds }kjk ge error genrate gksus ij
izksxzkfeax ds ,d ykbu fdlh nwljh ykbu ij Exceution dks jump djok
ldrs gSa tks fd label }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS tSls & ;fn ge
pkgrs gSa fd erroe genrate gksus ij ,fIyds’ku ges’kk dksbZ particular
message display djs tks fd gekjs }kjk define fd;k x;k gks rks bl
eSFkM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A Label ds uke dks fuEu izdkj ls
define fd;k tk ldrk gSA
on error goto error handler
statement
.................
..................
error handler
msgbox (“error accured”)
(iii) On Error Goto 0 : -
bl error handler dk iz;ksx active error handler dks disable djus ds
fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn application es on error resume next ;k on error goto
label 0 statement ds }kjk cancel fd;k tk ldrk gSA
private sub cmd1_click ( )
a = 25
? a
c = a/059
? “c:” ;c
end sub
FUNCTION( ) : -
Function( ) dk iz;ksx Hkh fdlh fu/kkZfjr task ds fy;s fd;k
tkrk gSA ( ) sub routine ds
tSls argument accept dj ldrk gSA ( ) vkSj sub routine es varj ;s gS fd ()
value return djrk gSA tSls &
Syn. :- function function_name
statement
statement
end function
TYPES OF FUNCTION :-
1. String function :-
f = text1.text
(i) left $ :- f = left $ (“new delhi”,3)
bldk iz;ksx fn;s x;s character string esa ls mlds left side ls
fu/kkZfjr no. of character
dks return djrk gSA
syn :- left $ (Character exp, Numeric exp)
(ii) Right $ :-
;s ( ) fn;s x;s dSjsDVj fLVªax esa ls jkbV esa fu/kkZfjr uEcj
vkWQ dSjsDVj dks fjVuZ djrk gSA
Right $ (“new delhi”,5)
(iii) mid $ :-
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bl function( ) esa character string esa ls tks start esa value nh x;h
gS ogka ls stop
position dh value rd character return djrk gsSA
Syn. :- mid $ (“character exp”, startpos,stop posi)
Ex. :- mid $ (“raj kumar”,5,5)
(vi) Lcase $ :-
;s character string dks lower case esa cnyus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
Syn. :- Lcase $ (character exp)
Ex. :- Lcase $ (“Raj”)
(v) U case $:-
;s character string dks upper case esa cnyus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
Syn. :- Ucase $ (chrcter exp)
Ex. :- Ucase $ (“Raj”)
(vi) Len :-
;s Function( ) fdlh string esa fdrus character gS oks return djrk
gSA
Syn. :- len (character exp)
Ex. :- len (“hello”)
(vii) Rtrims $ :-
;s character string ds ckn tks [kkyh space gSA mls gVkrk gSA
Ex. :- Rtrim $ (“hello......”) = “hello”
(viii) Ltrims $:-
;s character string ds leading space dks gVkrk gSA
Ex. :- Ltrim $ (“.......raj”) “raj”
(ix) Trim$ :- Trim $ (“.....hello....”) “Hello”
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2. Type Converting Function :-
(i) val ( ):-
bl Function( ) dk iz;ksx string dks numerical value esa cnyus ds
fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii) str ( ):-
;s fdlh variable dks string esa cnyus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSA
N = 75
str (N)
(iii) CDBL :-
;s fdlh number dks double type esa convert djus ds fy;s iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA ;s
Function no. dks mlds nearest whole no. esa cnyrk gSA
c int (100.4) = 100
c int (100.6) = 101
(iv) var type :-
;s apss fd;s x;s value dk data type return djrk gSA ;s gj rjg ds data
esa use fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(3). ISEMPTY :-
bl function( ) dk iz;ksx ;s test djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS fd pass
fd;s x;s variable dksbZ value assign dh x;h gS ;k ugha] ;fn dksbZ
value pass u fd;k x;k gks rks ;s gfunction( ) True return djrk gSA
Ex. :- Private Sub Command1 click
62
dim a as integer a = 0
if isempty (a) then
msgbox (“empty”)
else
msgbox (“not empty”)
end if
end sub
(4). ISNUMERIC :-
fdlh function( ) ds }kjk ;s psd fd;k tkrk gS fd pass dh x;h value
numeric type dk gS ;k ughaA ;fn value numeric type dk gS rks ;s
gfunction( ) True return djrk gSA
(5). IS DATE :-
bldk iz;ksx ;g psd djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS fd pass dh x;h
value type dk gS ;k ughaA
(6) Date and Time ( ) :-
(i) Date :- ;s current date dks return djrk gSA
(ii) Now :- ;s current date and time return djrk gSA
(iii) Time :- ;s current time dks return djrk gSA
(iv) Format :- bl ( ) dk iz;ksx date vkSj time dks format djus ds fy;s
fd;k tkrk gSA
Syn:- (date/time, “format string”)
UNIT V
DATA BASE PROGRAMMING WITH VB-DATA CONTROL METHOD
63
DATA BASE :-
fdlh Hkh tkudkjh dks proper way es store djuk rkfd vko’;drk
iMus ij fdlh Hkh tkudkjh dks tYnh ls <w<k tk lds blfy;s data base
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Data raw information dks ,d laxfBr rjhds ls
store fd;s information dks dgrs gSA vkSj bu datas dks tgka ij store fd;k
tkrk gS mls data base dgrs gSA
vr% data base cgqr lkjs data dk ,d laxfBr #i gSA Data base
dks MS- Access ,
oracle vkfn tSls software dh lgk;rk ls create fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Data Base dks Create djuk :-
VB es ge DB Visual data manager }kjk create dj ldrs gS tks DB
MDB format tks fd Db design djrk gSA Visual data manager VB dk ,d Tool
gS tks fd DB design djus ds dke vkrk gSA Visual data manager dk
mi;ksx table create djus , modify djus , security deploment djus rFkk SQL
(structure query language) dk mi;ksx djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA tc ge
adjacent DB open djrs gS rc visual data manager ,d DB window open djrs gS
ftles fd mldh property rFkk mlds table ds uke gksrs gSA
Visual data manager start djus ds fy;s main menu ds “Add Ins”
option dk
iz;ksx djrs gSA ,slk djus ij VDM dk window open gksrk gSA
New DB cukus ds fy;s ge file menu ds new option dk iz;ksx
djrs gSA New
table create djus ds fy;s DB window es right click dj shortcut menu ls new
table option select djrs gS blds QyLo#i Table structure dialog box open gksrk
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gSA bl dialog box es key ds uke type bR;kfn specify dj table structure dks
define djrs gSA
VB Manager dk mi;ksx dj table es data enter dj ldrs gSA
blds fy;s DB window es table ds uke ij double click djrs gsA ftlls table
data entry mode es open gks tkrh gSA ;gka ij ge record add , modify or
delete dj ldrs gSA
Connecting To DB :-
Data Tool ds }kjk :-
fdlh Hkh application es tgka DB dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
mlds fy;s appication dk DB connect gksuk t#jh gksrk gSA blds fy;s
ge VB ls Toolbox es data ctrl dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSA Step fuEu gS :-
(i) lcls igys data toll dks VB ds QkeZ es place djuk gksrk gSA
(ii) blds ckn uke fn;k tkrk gS ftlds lkFk application dks connect djuk
gSA
(DataTool ds DB name property dk iz;ksx djrs gS)
(iii) Data tool database ds fdl table ds lkFk connect gksxk ;s dada tool ds
fjdkMZ source
name property }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) blds ckn ;fn fdlh text box dks Vscy ds lkFk dusDV djuk gS rks
text box ds data source
vkSj data field proeprty dh enn yh tkrh gSA ftles data source proeprty
es data tool dk
uke fn;k tkrk gSA vkSj data field property es Vscy ds ftl field dks
text box es display
djuk gks ml field dk uke select fd;k tkrk gSA
65
Data Tool ds Property o Methods :-
(1) Recordset :-
Recordset Object gksrs gS tks fd DB ;k ,d ls vf/kd Vscy ds
fjdkMZ ds collection dks access djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSA ftl
rjg ls regular programming es recordset mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSA fdlh DB ds
table dks lh/ks access ugh fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s recorset mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA Recordset row vFkok col. ls feydj cuk tkrk gSa recordset
DB izksxzkfeax dk vk/kkj gksrk gSA ftUgs user }kjk fu/kkZfjr
fu;e }kjk select fd;k tkrk gSA Recordset 3 rjg ds gksrs gS :-
(i) Dynaset :- ;s MkVk dk updatable view gksrk gSA
(ii) Snapshot :- ;s MkVk dk static view gksrk gSA
(iii)Table :- ;s Vscy dk Mk;jsDv view gksrk gSA
Dynaset rFkk snapshot SPL statement }kjk cuk;s tkrs
gSaA Dynaset gj ml le; change gksrs gSa tc dHkh Hkh DB change
gksrk gS A Snapshot mlh MkVk dk static view gSA Snapshot dadabase table
ds referance gksrs gSaA ;s recordset dh snapshot dh rqyuk esa T;knk
fast gksrs gSaA Table lnSo data table ds lkFk link gksrs gSa tks fd DB
dks viMsV djus ds dke vkrs gSaA
Dynaset lcls T;knk powerful rFkk flexible gksrk gS ijUrq
dqN operation tSls Searching table record lsV esa fast gksrh gSa ;fn vki
Vscy dks update ugha djuk pkgrs gSaA rc snapshot recordset forword
only snapshot ds :i esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA ;s snapshot dh rqyuk esa
T;knk limited rFkk fast gksrs gSaA
(2) Data Base esa Record add djuk :-
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DB esa record esa application ds }kjk add djus ds fy;s
recordset ds add new
menu method dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ftlds fy;s Syntax fuEu gSa %&
Data1. recordset. addnew
(3) DB esa Record dks Access djuk :-
blds fy;s recordset ds eSFkM tSls& move, move next, move first,
move last,
method dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ftUgsa fuEu izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk
gSSA
Data1. Recordset. Move last
data1. recordset. move first
(4) Data base ds fdlh individual field ds value dks ns[kus ds fy;s :-
DB esa recordset dk iz;ksx dj fdlh field ds value dks
ns[kus ds fy;s recordset
dh field method dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa QhYM dk uke ;k fQj
mldk Index no. ikl fd;k tkrk gSA
(5) fdlh Record dks Delete djuk :-
DB es fdlh record dks delete djus ds fy;s Recordset ds delete
method dk
iz;ksx djrs gS blds fy;s ge recordset ds move method dk iz;ksx gh
djrs gSA
(6) DB es fdlh Particular Filed ds value dks Search djuk :-
67
blds fy;s recordset ds findfirst esFkM dk iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS ftles argument
,d string expression gksrk gS tks fd field gks ldus okyh value rFkk bl
field ds e/; relation set djrk gSA
Ex :- data1.recordset.findfirst city = “jabalpur”
mijksDr mnkgj.k es ;fn flVh filed es tcyiqj gksxk
rks mlds fy;s igys record dks search djsxkAtc find method dks call fd;k
tkrk gS rc VB critearea dks match djus okys fjdkMZ dks locat djrk gS
rFkk MkVk ctrl dks ml record ij position dj nsrk gSA tc ge find method
dk mi;ksx djrs gS rks no match property dk iz;ksx djds find process ds
sucess dks Kkr dj ldrs gSA No match property false gksrh gS ;fn record
fey tkrk gS rFkk true gksrh gS , ;fn record ugh feyrk gSA
fn;s x;s mnkgj.k ds vuqlkj ;fn find first method dk
mi;ksx dj city = “jabalpur” fey tkrk gS rks no match proeprty dh value false
gksxh rFkk mlds record dks access fd;k tk ldsxk A vkSj ;fn jabalpur
value ugh gksrh gS rks no match property true return djsxkA
(7) Ordinal Position :-
Table ds structure es ordinal position field ds dze dks
n’kkZrk gSA Vscy es
first field dk ordinal no. 0 gksrk gSA
(8) Record Count Property :-
;g izkiVhZ recordset es dqy fdrus record gS mudh
la[;; dks return djrk gSA
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(9) Seek :-
Recoredset method ds seek object es next filed ds vk/kkj ij
value
rqjar search djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Seek mathod D;ksfd index ds
vk/kkj ij lpZ djrk gSA bl dkj.k ;g esFkM T;knk QkLV gksrh gSA
bls fuEu izdkj ls fy;k tkrk gS &
data1.recordset.seek = “jabalpur”
DATA CONTROL :-
Data Control Data Base es mifLFkr tkudkjh vkSj Bound
control toll ds chp communicate djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA tks
lwpukvks dks QkeZ ij fn[kkus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSA
Data ctrl }kjk set fd;k x;k recordset DB name vkSj recordsource
prperty ij fuHkZj djrk gS ;fn ;s prperty runtime ij set dj nh tkrh gS rks
tc Hkh QkeZ load gksxk recordset active gks tk,sxk vkSj QkeZ ds
onload gksus rc active jgsxk data ctrl type fd;s data dks izkIr dj ldrs
gSA
Bound Control :-
Bound control ;k Bound data ctrl VB dks vU; ctrl dh rjg gksrs
gSA ijarq budh dqN vfrfjDr proeprty event vkSj method gksrh gS]
ftudh lgk;rk ls ,d ;k vf/kd DB bind dj ldrs gSaA ;s binding data dks
DB esa fy[kus vkSj ns[kus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA Data bound control
fuEu dk;ksZa dks djrs gS a&
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(i) ;s bound control DB ls MkVk dks VB ds Data object esa load djrs
gSaA
(ii) ;s user }kjk dada record ds fy;s dh x;h request dks select djrk gSA
(iii) Bound control user }kjk dh tkus okyh xyrh dks trap djrk gSSA
(iv) ;s DB integrity fu;eksa dks ykxw djrk gSA vr% Data bound control
os dUVªksy gksrs gSa tks MkVk
dUVªksy ds lkFk DB application cukus ds fy;s dk;Z djrs gSaA
dqN ckmaM dUVªksy tks MkVk dUVªksy ds
lkFk iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa] os gSa& Text box, lebel, check box, image
& picture box.
Bound ctrl dks QkWeZ ij tksMus ds fy;s Toolbox dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSls& Text box dks ge QkWeZ ij place djus ds
fy;s VwyckWDl ls Text box dUVªksy dks drag djds ykrs gSaA
dUVªksy dks QkWeZ ij place djus ds ckn mls DB Vscy ls connect
djus ds fy;s muds MkVk source property vkSj data field property dk
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Data source property esa ge ml MkVk dUVªksy
dk uke nsrs gSa tks fdlh fu/kkZfjr DB ls connect gksA vkSj fQj
ckmaM dUVªksy ds MkVk QhYM izksiVhZ esa Vscy ds ml
QhYM dk uke specify djrs gSa ftls dUVªksy esa display djuk gksA
************ END *************
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