visual arts in cuba. people to people program. jorge g. arocha
TRANSCRIPT
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Prof. Jorge G. Arocha, University of Havana. Cuba Cruise.2015-2016
Visual Arts in Cuba
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DEFINITION
¿Visual Arts?
PaintingSculpture ArchitecturePhotography
Arts that are perceived by sight
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THESIS
Society
Artist • … to express certain themes and subjects.
• … to enrich the society
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THEMES
• Portraits and Figures
• The Landscape and the city
• Still-Life and Flowers
• Historical Themes
• Allegory, Symbol, Imagination, and Abstraction
• Afro-Cuban culture
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BEGINNING
Military Architecture
Religious ArchitectureDomestic Architecture
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• José Nicolás de la Escalera, Vicente Escobar, Juan Bautista Vermay, Guillermo Collazo, Esteban Chartrand and Víctor Patricio Landaluce.
COLONIAL PERIOD • Development of the religious painting in the 17th and
18th Centuries.• The landscape in the middle of the 19th Century.
• In the year 1818, the foundation of the National Academy of Fine Arts “San Alejandro”, under the direction of Joan Baptiste Vermay (French and pupil of David), the most important representative of the Neoclassical School.
• Influenced by European canon: baroque and romanticism.
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Museum Castle of The Royal Forces (1558-1576)
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Museum Castle of The Royal Forces (1558-1576)• Considered the most important example of
Renaissance architecture in Cuba.
• Was a paradigm for the building of other fortifications in the American continent between the 16th and 18th centuries.
• The fortress has among its attributes the Giraldilla, a sculpture cast in bronze by Havana artist Jerónimo Martínez Pinzón and placed as weather van on top of the north-west tower.
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Religious Architecture
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Cathedral of Havana (1767-1796)
• In 1773 the Greater Parochial Church was moved here and in 1789 the temple with its Baroque facade was given the status of Cathedral.
• Bishop Juan J. Díaz de Espada modified the interior in the Neoclassical style.
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Balcony on the corners
Domestic Architecture
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Stained-glass windows and Roman arch
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The mezzanine
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Porch and Arcade
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Courtyards
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Portraits and Figures
• Is the most frequent theme in the history of our painting.
• Until 1925 the only individuals portrayed were rich and government officials.
• In 1925, with the emergence of the first generation of modern Cuban painters, portraiture radically altered its function. The models for these new artists were friends, other artists, and writers.
• In the 60’s there was a new relevant function. Besides the portraits of unidentified persons who symbolize the people, the images of heroes forcefully emerged. The artists recreated the faces of Fidel Castro, Ernest Che Guevara, and other heroes side by side with the people.
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Juan Bautista VermayRetrato de hombre
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Guillermo CollazoLa siesta
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Leopoldo RomañachLa niña de las cañas
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Víctor ManuelGitana tropical
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JORGE ARCHEPrimavera o descanso
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Alberto KordaErnesto Che Guevara
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Raúl Martínez 15 repeticiones de
Martí
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Raul MartínezTe doy una canción
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Flavio Garciandía
Todo lo que usted necesita es amor
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The Landscape and the city
• In Colonial landscape human figures, always played accessory roles.
• Influenced by Romanticism
• The idealization of the landscape incorporated the sugar mill, the living quarter, the servants, and the slaves.
• After 1925 the presence of human figures dominated the scene. The color and light were better suited to depict tropical climates than the romantic one.
• Small interest most Cuban painters have shown for marine landscape.
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Henry CleenewerckRincón del valle al atardecer
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Federico Fernández CavadaRío San Juan, Trinidad
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Esteban ChartrandPaisaje marino
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Esteban ChartrandPaisaje
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Víctor Manuel García Paisaje con río
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René Portocarrero Habana en rojo
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Luís Martínez PedroSerie Aguas territoriales
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Sandra RamosS/T
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Carlos Garaicoa Acerca de esos incansables proyectos
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Still-Life and Flowers
Amelia PeláezNaturaleza muerta
Amelia PeláezNaturaleza muerta azul
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Historical Themes
• Besides biblical subjects the Academy paid special attention to historical themes.
• The version depicted was the Spanish government’s, never the one held by those who advocated independence.
• During the 1920’s and 1930’s, some allusion to social realities emerged through the representation of events resulting from a historical situation of oppression painters had the conscience to denounce.
• With the revolutionary triumph, the contemporary character of the historical theme, to which painters felt connected, emerged.
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José Nicolás de la EscaleraLa Santísima Trinidad
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Armando García MenocalEmbarque de Colón por Bobadilla
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Carlos EnríquezCampesinos felices
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Marcelo PogolottiPaisaje cubano
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Servando Cabrera y Moreno Milicias campesinas
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Allegory, Symbol, Imagination, and Abstraction
• Some contemporary painters introduced in their works symbols of our mestizo condition, emphasizing our African heritage. The most outstanding instance is Wilfredo Lam.
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Fidelio Ponce de LeónNiños
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Carlos EnríquezEl rapto de las mulatas
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WILFREDO LAMEl tercer mundo
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WILFREDO LAMHuracán
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Umberto PeñaEl puf de los caballeros
Umberto Peña Tu haces brrrr con mi electricidad
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Antonia EirizEl dueño de los
caballitos
Antonia EirizLa Anunciación
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Contemporary Cuban Art
CIRENAICA MOREIRA
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Alexis Leyva (Kcho)
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Abel Barroso
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Lázaro Saavedra
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René Francisco
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Prof. Jorge G. Arocha, University of Havana. Cuba Cruise.2015-2016
Visual Arts in Cuba
Hasta Pronto