vision for the canadian arctic research initiative: assessing the opportunities

8/3/2019 Vision for the Canadian Arctic Research Initiative: Assessing the Opportunities

1/41

Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`dr

Bkgrd`h cdr ebecm`dr begec`dggdr

Rb`dgbd Ecv`bd `g snd Ytoh`b @gsdrds

V``kgfkrsnd Begecèg erBs`B rdderBn `g`sès`Vd1

ed`gjsnd kyykrstg`s`d

Snd @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh kg Rb`dgbd Yr`kr`s`d

fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd


2/41

V``kg fkr snd Begecèg erBs`B rdderBn

`g`sès`Vd1 ed`gj snd kyykrstg`s`d

_dykrs kf snd @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh kg Rb`dgbd

Yr`kr`s`d fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd


3/41

`` V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

SND BKTGB@H KF BEGEC@EG EBECDM@DR

5>9 Dhj`g Rsrdds( Ksseze( KG Begece L?Y ?L2

GKS@BD1 Snd yrkadbs snes ` snd toadbs kf sn` rdykrs ze

tgcdrseldg z`sn snd eyyrkveh kf snd Okerc kf Jkvdrgkr kf

snd Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d' Okerc mdmodr erd

crezg frkm snd _RB1 Snd Ebecdm d kf Ers( Ntmeg`s`d

egc Rb`dgbd kf Begece( snd Begec eg Ebecdmp kf

Dgj`gddr`gj .BED) egc snd Begecèg Ebecdmp kf Ndehsn

Rb`dgbd .BENR)( e zdhh e frkm snd jdgdreh ytoh`b' Snd

mdmodr kf snd d~ydrs yegdh rdykgòhd fkr snd rdykrs zdrd

dhdbsdc op snd Bktgb`h fkr snd`r ydbèh bkmydsdgbd egc z`sn

rdjerc fkr eyyrkyrèsd oehegbd'

Sn` rdykrs ze yrdyerdc `g rdykgd sk e rdutds frkm @gcèg

egc Gkrsndrg Effe`r Begece' Egp ky`g`kg( gc`gj(

bkgbht`kg kr rdbkmmdgces`kg d~yrddc `g sn` ytoh`bes`kg

erd snkd kf snd etsnkr snd @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh kgRb`dgbd Yr`kr`s`d fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd'

Hòrerp egc Erbn`vd Begece Besehkjt`gj `g Ytoh`bes`kg

V``kg fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd .BE_@)

\dhdbsrkg`b rdktrbd] 1 ed`gj snd kyykrstg`s`d + D~ydrs Yegdh

kg snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd'

@tdc ehk `g Frdgbn tgcdr s`shd1 V``kg yktr h@g`sès`vd begec`dggd

cd rdbndrbnd ceg hErbsùtd'

@tdc ehk `g yr`gs fkrmes'

@ROG 0:>-5-0?644>-96-6

5' Begece( Gkrsndrg--_dderbn' ?' Erbs`b rdj`kg--_dderbn'

2' Rb`dgbd--Begece( Gkrsndrg' 3' Rb`dgbd--Erbs`b rdj`kg'

4' _dderbn--Begece( Gkrsndrg' 6' Rb`dgbd egc sesd--Begece'

@' Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d' D~ydrs Yegdh kg snd

Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd

FB2046'V3> ?99>e 0:5'099:?9:5 B?99>-096205-9

Bkvdr `mejd yrkv`cdc bktrsdp kf Dczerc Rsrtq-`l

C`bhe`mdr1

Snd @gsdrgds cese egc `gfkrmes`kg rdfdrdgbdc `g sn` rdykrs

zdrd bkrrdbs( sk snd ods kf snd Bktgb`h lgkzhdcjd( es snd

s`md kf ytoh`bes kg' Ctd sk snd cpgem`b gestrd kf snd @gsdrgds(

rdktrbd snes erd frdd egc ytoh`bhp eve`heohd mep todutdgshp

rdut`rd e fdd kr rdsr`bs ebbd( egc snd hkbes`kg kf `sdm mep

bnegjd e mdgt egc zdoyejd erd rdkrjeg`qdc' Snd v`dz

d~yrddc `g sn` ckbtmdgs erd snd ydrkgeh ky`g`kg egc

yrkadbs`kg kf snd gc`v`cteh etsnkr e toadbs messdr d~ydrs

egc ck gks gdbder`hp rdyrddgs snd v`dz kf snd`r krjeg`qes kg

kf efhès`kg kr dmyhkpmdgs'

?99> Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d

Yr`gsdc `g Ksseze( Begece

Kbskodr ?99>

Sn` edmdgs ze mecd ykòhd z`sn

snd tyykrs k snd Jkvdrgmdgs k Begece'


4/41

V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d ``

` d y bby B ebbrb v

Dh`qeodsn Ckzcdzdhh .BEG) .Yegdh Bne`r) Bne`r( Rb`dgs`b

Ecv`krp Bkmm`ssdd( Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d egcFkrmdr TG Tgcdr-Rdbrdserp Jdgdreh egc D~dbts`vd C`rdbskr kf

TGDY( egc Fktgc`gj Yrd`cdgs egc BDK kf snd Gtbhder Zesd

Megejdmdgs Krjeg`qes`kg

M`bnedh Orevk .TL) Bkgvdgkr( B`rbtmykher N`skrp &

Ytoh`b Ykh`bp( Tg`vdr`sp kf Bemor`cjd

Skrodg Bnr`sdgdg .RZD) Yrkfdkr( Htgc Tg`vdr`sp

Lerh Dro .TRE) C`rdbskr( Kfbd kf Ykher Yrkjrem( Ges`kgeh

Rb`dgbd Fktgces`kg

_kodrs F`ggdp .TL) Rdg`kr Dgv`rkgmdgseh Ecv`kr( OYD~yhkres`kg

Ydsdr Nerr`kg .BEG) Rldhskg-Bherl Fdhhkz( Utddg

Tg`vdr`sp

Yethe Legleegy .F@G) C`rdbskr( Erbs`b Bdgsrd( Tg`vdr`sp

kf Heyhegc

Egcdr Lerhuv`s .RZD) C`rdbskr Jdgdreh( Rzdc`n Ykher

_dderbn Rdbrdserès

Ydsdr Hdmld .JD_) C`rdbskr( C`v``kg fkr Bh`mesd _dderbn(

Ehfrdc Zdjgdr @gs`stsd

Her-Kssk _d`drkg .GK_) D~dbts`vd Rdbrdserp( Erbs`b

Mkg`skr`gj Edmdgs Yrkjrem

Mess` Reerg`sk .F@G) Rdbrdserp Jdgdreh( Snd F`gg`n

Ebecdmp kf Rb`dgbd egc Hdssdr

Akdrg Sn`dcd .JD_) Fkrmdr C`rdbskr( Ehfrdc Zdjgdr @gs`stsd

Ltd Pktgj .BEG) Yrkfdkr( Ytoh`b Ndehsn Rb`dgbd+

Eokr`j`geh Ndehsn( Tg`vdr`sp kf Skrkgsk

yab Bb

B ebm

Bnr`s`ge Rsebnthel( Yrkjrem C`rdbskr

Ldhhp VegLktjngds( V`bd Yrd`cdgs( Bkrykresd Effe`r

s Bb B ebm

B`dgBd ecV`Bd `g snd ytoh`B `gsdrds

Snd megcesd kf snd Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d

.snd Bktgb`h) ` sk ydrfkrm `gcdydgcdgs( d~ydrs edmdgs kf

snd b`dgbd snes ` rdhdvegs sk `mykrsegs ytoh`b `td' Ndrdb`dgbd ` `gsdryrdsdc orkechp sk dgbkmye egp lgkzhdcjd-

jdgdres`gj c`b`yh`gd( `gbhtc`gj snd gestreh( kbèh egc ndehsn

b`dgbd( dgj`gddr`gj egc snd ntmeg`s`d' Snd Bktgb`h

edmdgs erd ydrfkrmdc op `gcdydgcdgs yegdh kf uteh`dc

d~ydrs frkm Begece egc eorkec'

Kydres`gj es erm hdgjsn frkm jkvdrgmdgs( ots z`sn 59-pder

ftgc`gj kf #29 m`hh`kg yrkv`cdc `g ?994 op snd Jkvdrgmdg

kf Begece( snd Bktgb`h berr`d kts stc`d kf toadbs yrkykdc

op snd jkvdrgmdgs( egc dvdgstehhp( op gkg-jkvdrgmdgseh egc

yr`vesd-dbskr krjeg`qes`kg' Snd Bktgb`h ` jkvdrgdc op e

5?-mdmodr okerc( e meakr`sp kf znkm erd eyyk`gsdc c`rdbshpkr `gc`rdbshp op snd Bktgb`h snrdd mdmodr Ebecdm`d snd

Begecèg Ebecdmp kf Ndehsn Rb`dgbd( snd Begecèg

Ebecdmp kf Dgj`gddr`gj egc snd _RB1 Snd Ebecdm`d k

Ers( Ntmeg`s d egc Rb`dgbd kf Begece' E 56-mdmod

b`dgs`b ecv`krp bkmm`ssdd( bkmykdc kf dm`gdg

rdyrddgses`vd kf snd orkec b`dgbd bkmmtg`sp( ecv`d snd

Bktgb`h Okerc z`sn rdydbs sk edmdgs sky`b dhdbs`kg

sdrm kf rdfdrdgbd( dhdbs kg kf d~ydrs yegdh egc d~sdrge

rdykrs rdv`dz'

Snd fktgc`gj mdmodr kf snd Bktgb`h erd1

_RB1 Snd Ebecdmp kf snd Ers( Ntmeg`s`d egc

Rb`dgbd kf Begece ` snd dg`kr ges`kgeh okcp kf

c`s`gjt`ndc Begecèg b`dgs`s( bnkher egc ers`s' Snd

_RB bkg`s kf eyyrk~ mesdhp 5(>99 Fdhhkz1 mdg egc zkmdg

frkm ebrk snd bktgsrp znk erd dhdbsdc op snd`r yddr fkr

ktssegc`gj bkgsròts`kg sk snd gestreh egc kbèh b`dgbd

egc sk snd ers egc ntmeg`s`d' Snd _RB ` e bner`seohd

krjeg`qes`kg `gbkrykresdc op eg Ebs kf Yerhèmdgs `g 5>>2'

Snd Begecèg Ebecdmp kf Dgj`gddr`gj bkmyr`d megp

kf snd bktgsrp mks ebbkmyh`ndc dgj`gddr( znk nevd

d~yrddc snd`r cdc`bes`kg sk snd eyyh`bes`kg kf b`dgbd egc

dgj`gddr`gj yr`gb`yhd `g snd `gsdrds kf snd bktgsrp egc `sdgsdryr`d' Snd Ebecdmp ` eg `gcdydgcdgs( dhf-jkvdrg`gj

egc gkg-yrks krjeg`qes`kg dseoh`ndc `g 50>: sk drvd

snd ges`kg `g messdr kf dgj`gddr`gj bkgbdrg' Snd

eyyrk~`mesdhp 339 Fdhhkz kf snd Ebecdmp rdyrddgs eh

c`b`yh`gd kf dgj`gddr`gj egc erd crezg frkm `gctsrp

jkvdrgmdgs egc ebecdmd'


5/41

`v V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

Snd Begecèg Ebecdmp kf Ndehsn Rb`dgbd dgbkmyed

snd fthh ordecsn kf ebecdm`b ndehsn b`dgbd `gbhtc`gj ehh kf

snd mdc`beh egc ehh`dc ndehsn b`dgbd( regj`gj frkm

ftgcemdgseh b`dgbd sk kbèh b`dgbd egc ykythes`kg ndehsn'

Snd eyyrk~`mesdhp 299 Fdhhkz erd rdbkjg`qdc fkr snd`r

hdecdrn`y( brdes`v`sp( c`s`gbs`vd bkmydsdgb`d egc bkmm`smdgs

sk snd ecvegbdmdgs kf ebecdm`b ndehsn b`dgbd egc fkr nev`gj

mecd `jg`begs h`fds`md bkgsròts`kg sk snd ndehsn kf

Begecèg kb`dsp'

zzz'b`dgbdecv`bd'be

eblm

Snd yegdh z`nd sk snegl snd F`gg`n Ebecdmp kf Rb`dgbd

egc Hdssdr( `g yers`bther( `s Rdbrdserp Jdgdreh( Yrkfdkr

Mess` Reerg`sk( znk jreb`kthp nksdc snd yegdh c`bt`kg

es snd Nktd kf Dsesd `g Ndh`gl` kg ?3 egc ?4 Athp( ?99>'Sn` rdykrs ze jrdeshp dgnegbdc op snd yegdh reyykrsdtr(

Yrkfdkr M`bnedh Orevk `g bkhheokres`kg z`sn ehh yegdh

mdmodr ctr`gj snd `~ zddl fkhhkz`gj snd Ndh`gl` mdds`gj'

Snd yegdh ` ehk jresdfth fkr snd tyykrs `s rdbd`vdc frkm snd

seff kf snd Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d'

Dh`qeodsn Ckzcdzdhh

Bne`r( @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh kg Rb`dgbd Yr`kr`s`dfkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd

r rv

Sn` rdykrs ze rdv`dzdc `g crefs fkrm op snd snrdd `gc`v`cteh

h`sdc odhkz dhdbsdc op snd Bktgb h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d

fkr snd`r c`vdrd ydrydbs`vd( erde kf d~ydrs`d( egc d~ydr`dgbd

`g cdeh`gj z`sn Gkrsndrg `td'

Snd rdv`dzdr eddc snd koadbs`v`sp egc uteh`sp kf snd

rdykrs' Snd`r tom``kg zn`bn z`hh rdme`g bkgcdgsèh

zdrd bkg`cdrdc fthhp op snd yegdh( egc megp kf snd`r

tjjds`kg zdrd `gbkrykresdc `gsk snd rdykrs' Snd rdv`dzdr

zdrd gks eldc sk dgckrd snd bkgbht`kg gkr c`c sndp dd snd

geh crefs kf snd rdykrs odfkrd `s rdhded' _dykgò`h`sp fkr

snd geh bkgsdgs kf sn` rdykrs rds dgs`rdhp z`sn snd etsnkr`gj

yegdh egc snd Bktgb`h'

Snd Bktgb`h z`nd sk snegl snd fkhhkz`gj `gc`v`cteh fkr snd`r

rdv`dz kf sn` rdykrs1

_kodrs Frdcdrl`gj .FBED)( Ges`kgeh _dderbn Bktgb`h

kf Begece Rdg`kr _dderbn Dgj`gddr( Bkhc _dj`kg

Sdbngkhkj`d( Begecèg Npcreth`b Bdgsrd .Ksseze( KG) egc

Mdmkrèh Tg`vdr`sp Ecatgbs Yrkfdkr( Febthsp kf

Dgj`gddr`gj egc Eyyh`dc Rb`dgbd .Rs' Akng( GH)

Merl Gtssehh( Tg`vdr`sp kf Ehodrse Yrkfdkr egc Ndgrp

Mernehh Skrp Bne`r kf Egsnrkykhkjp( Cdyersmdgs kf

Egsnrkykhkjp .Dcmkgskg( EO)

Frdc _kks .F_RB)( Dgv`rkgmdgs Begece Rb`dgbd Ecv`kr

Dmdr`st egc Ykher Bkgs`gdgseh Rndhf Yrkadbs Fktgc`gj

Bkkrc`geskr egc C`rdbskr .Rkkld( OB)

Ydsdr A' G`bnkhkg

Yrd`cdgs( Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d


6/41

V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d 5

s B

D~dbts`vd Rtmmerp ?

Bkgsd~s fkr Sn` _dykrs 3

Megcesd kf snd @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh 3

Brdes gj Gdz Kyykrstg`s d egc _dykgc`gj sk eg @gsdrges kgeh Koh`jes kg 4

Begece Ecvegsejd g Erbs`b Rb`dgbd 4

Bnehhdgjd Feb`gj Begecèg Erbs`b Rb`dgbd :

Rb`dgbd Yr`kr`s`d fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd >

Ecc`s`kgeh Yr`kr`sp Sndmd 59

E Gdz egc _dv`seh`qdc Eyyrkebn sk Erbs`b Rb`dgbd 5?

Dgeoh`gj Bkgc`s`kg fkr Rtbbd 52

Bkgbht`kg egc Ldp Mdejd 56

Eyydgc`~ E1 V``kg`gj Zkrlnky rdykrs 5>


7/41

? V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

dbv mmp

Snd Ryddbn frkm snd Snrkgd kf Kbskodr 56( ?99:( bkmm`ssdc

snd Jkvdrgmdgs kf Begece sk cdh`vdr e Gkrsndrg Rsresdjp(

`gbhtc`gj snd bkgsrtbs kg kf e zkrhc-bhe erbs`b rdderbn

ses`kg' @gcèg egc Gkrsndrg Effe`r Begece( snd hdec fdcdrehcdyersmdgs fkr sn` `g`sès`vd( yrdyerdc e V``kg`gj Zkrlnky

rdykrs kg yrkykdc b`dgs`b yr`kr`s`d fkr snd ses`kg snrktjn

bkgthses`kg z`sn seldnkhcdr' Snd cdyersmdgs sndg

bkmm``kgdc snd Bktgb`h kf Begecèg Ebecdm`d sk bkgvdgd

eg `gcdydgcdgs `gsdrges kgeh yegdh kf d~ydrs sk yrkv`cd eg

d~sdrgeh ydrydbs`vd kg snd ldp gc`gj kf snd V``kg`gj

Zkrlnky rdykrs' Snd @gsdrges`kgeh D~ydrs Yegdh kg Rb`dgbd

Yr`kr`s`d fkr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd .snd

yegdh) ze eldc sk yrkv`cd ecv`bd z`sn rdydbs sk Begece

tgùtd ecvegsejd egc bkgsròts`kg sk jhkoeh ykher b`dgbd

egc sk ed( frkm eg `gsdrges`kgeh ydrydbs`vd( snd b`dgbd

yr`kr`s`d yrkykdc `g snd V``kg`gj Zkrlnky rdykrs'

Snd Begecèg jkvdrgmdgs eggktgbdmdgs sk tgcdrseld snd

zkrhc-bhe Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd .BE_@)( kf

zn`bn e rdderbn ses`kg.) zkthc od eg `gsdjreh bkmykgdgs(

brdesd eg kyykrstg`sp fkr Begece erbs`b b`dgbd sk od kg snd

btss`gj dcjd kf erbs`b `td jhkoehhp( gbhtc`gj dgv`rkgmdgseh

b`dgbd egc rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs( `g yersgdrn`y z`sn

snd ydkyhd h`v`gj g snd Erbs`b' Sn` bkmm`smdgs ehk rdykgc

sk e bhder `gsdrges`kgeh koh`jes`kg sk yrkv`cd yrkebs`vd

sdzercn`y kf Begece Erbs`b `g v`dz kf `s jhkoeh

dgv`rkgmdgseh `jg`begbd'

@g bkg`cdr`gj snd b`dgbd yrkjrem kf snd Begecèg Erbs`b

_dderbn @g`sès`vd( Begece nkthc ot`hc kg `s sz`g `gndrdgs

ecvegsejd1 .`) snd r`bn ver`dsp kf dbkpsdm snes meld ty

Begece ves erbs`b sdrre`g( egc .``) Begece ntmeg bey`seh(

bkmyr``gj `s gkrsndrg b`s`qdg skjdsndr z`sn `s herjdhp

ktsndrg-oedc b`dgs`s egc dgj`gddr' Sel`gj `gsk

bkg`cdres`kg sndd tgùtd Begecèg ecvegsejd( snd yegdh

bkg`cdrdc snd fktr b`dgbd yr`kr`s`d yrkykdc `g snd V``kg`gj

Zkrlnky rdykrs1 tse`geohd rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

z`rdhd bkmmtg`bes`kg d'j'( vè m`brkzevd egc

esdhh`sd ` eg erde zndrd Begece ne srec`s`kgehhp oddg

e zkrhc hdecdr( sndrd eg kyykrstg`sp g snd bkgsdmykrerp

Erbs`b sk ftrsndr cdvdhky egc eyyhp Begece beyeo`h`s`d'

Begece gkrsndrg b`s`qdg gddc ebbd sk ytoh`bhp ftgcdcrdderbn sk `gfkrm ytoh`b ykh`bp c`bt`kg' Sndrdfkrd(

snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd gddc sk ndhy sk

ot`hc snd beyeb`sp sk ehhkz mdeg`gjfth egc bkgsrtbs`vd

bkhheokres`kg `g snd dss`gj kf bkmmtg sp yr`kr`s`d

fkr rdderbn( yers`btherhp e gdz mkcdh kf

jkvdrgegbd dvkhvd'

bb y B ebbrb v

Snd rdykrs kf snd V``kg`gj Zkrlnky yrkykdc fktr b`dgs`b

yr`kr`s`d( z`sn sdbngkhkjp e e brk-btss`gj sndmd' Snd fktr`cdgs`dc yr`kr`s`d erd1

tse`geohd rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs


14/41


rdj`kgeh mkcdh z`hh hdec sk e odssdr tgcdrsegc`gj kf nkz

bh`mesd bnegjd beg `myebs dbkpsdm ebrk snd rdj`kg

egc z`hh jrdeshp dgnegbd snd beyeo`h`sp kf gkrsndrg b`s`qdg

sk rdykgc'

Bh`mesd bnegjd ne snd yksdgsèh sk ehsdr snd yrdvehdgbdegc dvdr`sp kf d~srdmd dvdgs tbn e crktjns( kkc(

skrm egc ndes zevd' Cdvdhky`gj eg tgcdrsegc`gj

kf ktr vthgdreo`h`s`d sk tbn dvdgs egc cdvdhky`gj

snd beyeb`sp sk yrdc`bs snd`r h`ldhp ntmeg ndehsn egc

dgv`rkgmdgseh bkgdutdgbd zerregs yers`bther essdgs`kg'

Eg `mykrsegs `myebs kf bh`mesd bnegjd z`hh od snd

bnegj`gj gestrd kf Begece erbs`b zesdrzep( yers`btherhp

snd Gkrsnzds Yeejd' Lgkzhdcjd kf erbs`b mer`gd erde(

`g jdgdreh( rdme`g vdrp ykkr( yers`btherhp snd h`glejd

emkgj deodc skykjreynp zndrd zd nevd mehh-behd

lgkzhdcjd( kbdeg btrrdgs( de `bd mkvdmdgs egceceys`vd rdykgd kf mer`gd dbkpsdm'

dgV`rkgMdgseh B`dgBd egc sdzercn`y

Snd yegdh rdbkmmdgc d~yeg`kg kf snd h`s kf to-sky`b

`gbhtcdc g snd rdykrs kf snd V``kg`gj Zkrlnky( z`sn yers`bther

essdgs`kg sk snd `gbht`kg kf rdderbn dhdmdgs rdhesdc sk snd

o`kyndrd egc sk ecvegb`gj sdzercn`y'

Snd `gsdrebs`kg egc bktyh`gj mdbneg`m odszddg snd

o`kyndrd egc snd ynp`beh dgv`rkgmdgs erd dmdrj`gj e

eg mykrsegs erde kf rdderbn g krcdr sk tgcdrsegc nkz

bnegjd `g kgd yndrd beg brdesd bnegjd `g snd ksndr(

`gbhtc`gj myebs kg snd bktyh`gj mdbneg`m sndmdhvd'

Mkcdhh`gj kf sndd `gsdrebs`kg ne oddg `gbrde`gjhp

`mykrsegs `g utegs`fp`gj h`glejd emkgj to-psdm( egc

` odj`gg`gj sk jdgdresd yrdc`bs`kg eje`gs zn`bn

npyksndd beg od sdsdc'

Jrdesdr snktjns gddc sk od j`vdg sk nkz sdzercn`y beg

od `gfkrmdc op rdderbn `g bdrse`g dhc odpkgc

dgv`rkgmdgseh b`dgbd(ydr d fkr d~emyhd( hez( srec`s`kgeh

lgkzhdcjd egc dsn`b' Snd eyyh`bes`kg kf mer`s`md hez sk

snd Erbs`b ` eg erde zndrd Begece ne bkg`cdreohd

d~ydrs`d( ots e mtbn cddydr tgcdrsegc`gj ` rdut`rdc `g

erde kf yksdgsèhhp kvdrheyy`gj atr`c bs`kg tbn e snd

Tg`sdc Ges`kg Bkgvdgs`kg kg snd Hez kf snd Rde( dgv`rkgmdgseh

hez( hegc bhe`m ejrddmdgs egc ntmeg r`jns hez'

Snd bkgbdys kf bk-megejdmdgs z`sn hkbeh `gneo`segs

egc z`sn gkrsndrg jkvdrgmdgs ` rdhdvegs sk snd

megejdmdgs egc bkgctbs kf rdderbn( yers`btherhp e `s

rdhesd sk dgv`rkgmdgseh sdzercn`y' E eg d~emyhd(

zndg b`dgs`s stc`dc snd sk~`bkhkjp kf sregut`h`qdr

bndm`beh `g ykher oder( sndp `g`sèhhp fkbtdc kg snd

s`td mks c`rdbshp effdbsdc( resndr sneg stcp`gj snd

s`td ebstehhp desdg op Gkrsndrgdr'

tse`geohd rdktrBd cdVdhkyMdgs

Snd cr`vd sk cdvdhky rdktrbd `g snd Erbs`b ` dbehes`gj

_``gj bkmmkc`sp yr`bd yrddgs yrd`gj egc bkmyhd~

bnehhdgjd sk snd erbs`b rdj`kg( zn`bn rdyrddgs fkrsp ydr bdgs

kf snd ges`kg hegc me egc bkgse`g frej`hd dbkpsdm

`gneo`sdc op yrdckm`gegshp gkrsndrg Eokr`j`geh ydkyhd' E

kgd d~emyhd( snd rdbdgs okkm `g cèmkgc yrkctbs`kg ne

mecd Begece snd zkrhc sn`rc herjds yrkctbdr( bkgsròts`gj

`jg`begshp sk snd ges`kg jrk ckmds`b yrkctbs' Z`sn snd

yksdgsèh fkr megp mkrd o`hh`kg frkm rdbkvdreohd je egc

h`jns brtcd( Begece mts rey`chp cdvdhky e lgkzhdcjd oed sk

tyykrs rdykgòhd cdvdhkymdgs' Es snd nders kf sn` yr`kr`sp

` snd td kf b`dgbd sk cdvdhky fremdzkrl snes yrkctbd z`gz`g ktsbkmd zndrd tse`geohd h`vdh`nkkc egc snd `gsdjr`sp

kf dbkpsdm erd yrksdbsdc op `cdgs`fp`gj bhder mdetrd kf

snd odgds egc hkd `g snd nervds`gj kr d~srebs`kg kf

rdgdzeohd egc gkg-rdgdzeohd rdktrbd'

D~bdhhdgbd `g snd cdvdhkymdgs kf fremdzkrl fkr

rdjthes`gj snd td kf rdgdzeohd rdktrbd egc snd

d~srebs`kg kf gkg-rdgdzeohd rdktrbd eg d~ydbsdc rkhd

fkr Begece egc c`rdbshp rddbs Begece `gsdrges`kge

koh`jes`kg e sdzerc kf e ves yrkykrs`kg kf snd Erbs`b'

N`jn-uteh`sp( b`dgbd-oedc dv`cdgbd ` gddcdc sk cd`jg

dffdbs`vd rdjthes`kg' Sndrdfkrd( sndrd ` eg trjdgs gddc skdseoh`n dgv`rkgmdgseh egc kb`k-bthstreh oedh`gd

`gfkrmes`kg sk tyykrs cdvdhkymdgs kf fremdzkrl fkr

dgv`rkgmdgseh `myebs edmdgs egc sresdj`b

dgv`rkgmdgseh edmdgs eje`gs zn`bn snd yksdgsè

egc ebsteh btmthes`vd `myebs kf cdvdhkymdgs ebs`v`s`d

beg od mdetrdc egc atcjdc' H`gl`gj hkbeh dvehtes`kg sk

ot`hc e rdj`kgeh-behd ds kf oedh`gd fkr snd Begec eg

Erbs`b e yr`kr`sp fkr ehh seldnkhcdr .`gbhtc`gj gctsrp

`g krcdr sk dseoh`n yrkydr rdjtheskrp rdj`md'

Snd h`glejd odszddg snd yr`kr`s`d kf rdktrbd

cdvdhkymdgs egc kf ndehsnp egc tse`geohd bkmmtg`s`dnevd gks oddg fthhp d~yhkrdc' Snd to-sky`b h`sdc `g snd

V``kg`gj Zkrlnky rdykrs meld gk mdgs kg kf h`v`gj

rdktrbd .ndr`d( memmeh( yhegs( dsb')( zn`bn erd

v`sehhp `mykrsegs dhdmdgs `g snd cdvdhkymdgs dutes`kg

e ` snd gddc sk yrksdbs sndm fkr tse`geohd h`vdh`nkkc `g

snd Erbs`b( `gbhtc`gj snrktjn dbk-sktr`m'

_dktrbd cdvdhkymdgs re`d `mykrsegs dsn`beh `td kf

bkgdutdgbd fkr tse`g`gj snd `gsdjr`sp kf gkrsndrg

kb`ds`d egc dbkpsdm' Fkr d~emyhd( eg tgcdrsegc`gj


15/41

59 V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

kf nkz `gndrdgs vehtd ebròdc sk dbkpsdm erd

bkmyesòhd .kr `gbkmyesòhd) z`sn vehtes`kg oedc kg

srec`s`kgeh td kr bkmmkc`bes`kg( e bkmyhd~ td snes

rdut`rd ftrsndr hdjeh egc yn`hkkyn`beh rdderbn'

ndehsnP egc tse`geohd BkMMtg`s` d

Snd `gc`jdgkt ykythes`kg `g Begece Gkrsn erd( `g dffdbs(

dgs`gdh' Snd c`rdbs egc gc`rdbs myebs kf bh`mesd bnegjd

egc rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs kg snd`r bkmmtg`s`d ` bhderhp egc

v`òhp yrkgktgbdc' @s ` sndrdfkrd brtbèh snes `gc`jdgkt

bkmmtg`s`d erd yersgdr `g snd cd`jg egc bkgctbs kf

rdderbn( yers`btherhp rdderbn rdhesdc sk `gc`v`cteh egc

bkmmtg`sp ndehsn'

Sndrd ` e yers`bther gddc fkr tse`gdc hkgj-sdrm

mkg`skr`gj egc trvd`hhegbd kf ldp ndehsn `gc`beskr

ebrk gkrsndrg bkmmtg`s`d'

_dderbn beyeb`sp ` gddcdc sk bkgs`gtd sk cdvdhky e

mkcdh kf ndehsn rdderbn snes d~sdgc frkm snd heo odgbn

sk odc`cd sk bkmmtg`sp'

Sndrd z`hh od e gddc fkr b`rbtmykher bkkydres`kg `g

berrp`gj kts rdderbn kg ndehsnp bkmmtg`s`d sk hderg

frkm snd tbbdd kf ndehsn ykh`b`d egc ndehsn-berd

cdh`vdrp `g ksndr bktgsr`d'

Snd to-sky`b h`sdc `g snd V``kg`gj Zkrlnky rdykrs km`s

e gtmodr kf `mykrsegs sky`b snes snd yegdh odh`dvd bkthc

od ftrsndr cdvdhkydc z`sn`g sn` sndmd' Erde kf yers`bthergksd erd1 bkmmtg`sp rd`h`dgbd egc vthgdreo`h`sp .`gbhtc`gj

h`glejd sk mdgseh ndehsn)< dbkgkm`b egehpd egc

kydres`kgeh rdderbn kg ndehsn-berd cdh`vdrp psdm .@YP) `gvdsmdgs fkr Erbs`b R&S( Begece ne

! Snrktjnkts sn rdykrs( ver`kt rdfdrdgbd erd ts`h`qdc fkr snd Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg `g`sès`vd( `gbhtc`gj snd Begecèg N`jn Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg

.BNE_R)( snd Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg( Begece gdz kr ftstrd Erbs`b Rb`dgbd Rses`kg egc snd ses`kg' Snd cdse`h kf sn` `g`sès`vd( `gbhtc`gj e fkrmeh

gemd kr cdg`gj srtbstrd( nevd gks pds oddg cdsdrm`gdc egc e tbn( ver`kt rdfdrdgbd erd tdc gsdrbnegjdeohp sk tyykrs snd kz kf snd ckbtmdgs'

e e

V``kg`gj zkrLnky rdykrs cdf`g`gj B`dgBd yr`kr`s`d fkr Begece gdzerBs`B B`dgBd ses`kg


24/41


ot`hs gdz egc d~`s`gj rdderbn d~ydrs`d egc beyeb`sp egc

yhep e hdec`gj rkhd kg snd zkrhc sejd' Begece hdecdrn`y `g

@YP ` bkmyhdmdgsdc op snd cdh`vdrp kf e gtmodr kf ksndr

tbbdfth Erbs`b R&S yrkjrem( `gbhtc`gj snd Erbs`bGds

Gdszkrl kf Bdgsrd kf D~bdhhdgbd( snd Gkrsndrg Bkgsem`gegs

Yrkjrem egc snd Ykher Bkgs`gdgseh Rndhf Yrkadbs' Nkzdvdr(

snd btrrdgs beyeb`sp kf rdderbndr zkrhc-bhe snktjn sndp

mep od `g egp kgd erde ckd gks bkgs`stsd e rkots psdm

kf Erbs`b R&S fkr Begece'

Snd Ryddbn frkm snd Snrkgd `g Kbskodr ?99: n`jnh`jnsdc

ldp bkmm`smdgs sk snd koadbs`vd kf Begece Gkrsndrg

Rsresdjp( egc ydb`behhp sk snd dseoh`nmdgs kf e gdz

_dderbn Rses`kg1

snd Gkrsn gddc gdz essdgs`kg' Gdz kyykrstg`s`d erd

dmdrj`gj ebrk snd Erbs`b( egc gdz bnehhdgjd frkm ksndr nkrd'

Ktr Jkvdrgmdgs z`hh or`gj fkrzerc eg `gsdjresdc gkrsndrgsresdjp fkbtdc kg srdgjsndg`gj Begece kvdrd`jgsp( yrksdbs`gj

ktr dgv`rkgmdgseh ndr`sejd( yrkmks`gj dbkgkm`b egc kbèh

cdvdhkymdgs( egc `myrkv`gj egc cdvkhv`gj jkvdrgegbd( k snes

gkrsndrgdr nevd jrdesdr bkgsrkh kvdr snd`r cds`g`d

Ktr Jkvdrgmdgs z`hh ot`hc e zkrhc-bhe erbs`b rdderbn ses`kg

snes z`hh od kg snd btss`gj dcjd kf erbs`b `td( `gbhtc`gj

dgv`rkgmdgseh b`dgbd egc rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs' Sn` ses`kg

z`hh od ot`hs op Begecèg( `g Begece Erbs`b( egc `s z`hh od

sndrd sk drvd snd zkrhc'

Snd fktr bkmykgdgs kf snd Gkrsndrg Rsresdjp erd bkrd

fdcdreh yr`kr`s`d' Rb`dgbd egc sdbngkhkjp tgcdry`g ehh fktr' @gkrcdr sk v`jkrkthp yrksdbs Begece Erbs`b kvdrd`jgsp e

`gsdrges`kgeh `gsdrds `g snd rdj`kg `gbrded( snd jkvdrgmdgs

mts bkg`cdr srdgjsndg`gj `s Erbs`b yrddgbd( od`gj eg

Erbs`b lgkzhdcjd hdecdr( egc ddl`gj bdrse`gsp kvdr snd

bktgsrp oktgcer`d' Sk dgbktrejd gvdsmdgs egc rdjtheskrp

sdy sk eccrd jrkz`gj zkrhc cdmegc fkr gestreh rdktrbd(

snd jkvdrgmdgs mts tgcdrseld rdjtheskrp `myrkvdmdgs(

`myrkvd dbkgkm`b egc kbèh bkgc`s`kg( egc cdvdhky gdbderp

`gfresrtbstrd' Sk eceys sk bh`mesd bnegjd bnehhdgjd egc

dgtrd dg`s`vd dbkpsdm erd yrksdbsdc fkr ftstrd jdgdres`kg(

snd jkvdrgmdgs mts me`gse`g jhkoeh hdecdrn`y `g Erbs`b

b`dgbd( fksdr`gj eceyses`kg sk bh`mesd bnegjd egc dgtr`gj

yrddrves`kg kf dg`s`vd dbkhkjp' F`gehhp( sk yrkv`cd

Gkrsndrgdr z`sn mkrd bkgsrkh kvdr snd`r kzg dbkgkm`b egc

ykh`s`beh cds`gp( snd jkvdrgmdgs mts sr`vd fkr cdvkhts`kg(

dssh`gj hegc bhe`m dsshdmdgs egc tyykrs`gj ntmeg beyeb`sp

cdvdhkymdgs' Begece ftstrd Erbs`b rdderbn ses`kg ` eg

kyykrstg`sp sk nergd snd mkmdgstm kf bkhhdbs`vd b dgs`b

dffkrs fkr eg dgnegbdc beyeb`sp sk tgcdrsegc egc rdykgc sk

snd jrkz`gj bnehhdgjd egc kyykrstg`s`d feb`gj snd Gkrsn'

Op fkbt`gj kg e mehh gtmodr kf R&S yr`kr`s`d( snd Erbs`b

rdderbn ses`kg egc ekbèsdc b`dgbd yrkjrem z`hh dgtrd

Begece cdh`vdr b`dgs`b d~bdhhdgbd fkr snd `td kf jrdesd

`gsdrds `g ktr bktgsrp' @g yhegg`gj fkr sn` `g`sès`vd( snd

ynp`beh `gfresrtbstrd ` od`gj bkg`cdrdc ehkgj z`sn eg

ekbèsdc b`dgbd yrkjrem zn`bn skjdsndr( z`hh dgnegbd snd

d~`s`gj Begecèg beyeb`sp fkr ykher R&S' Sn` rdykrs odj`g

snd yrkbd sk cdgd Begece tgùtd g`bnd `g Erbs`b R&S

`g krcdr sk cr`vd snd cdvdhkymdgs kf e zkrhc-bhe

rdderbn ses`kg'

Begece tgùtd ecVegsejd `g

erBs`B B`dgBd

Zkrlnky yers`b`yegs bkg`sdgshp gksdc szk me`g ecvegsejd

fkr b`dgbd `gndrdgs `g Begece Erbs`b1 snd ordecsn egc

c`vdr`sp kf snd dbkpsdm snes bkmyr`d Begece Gkrsn egcsnd 559(999 ydkyhd fkr znkm snd Erbs`b ` nkmd'

Snd behd kf snd Begec eg Erbs`b czerf snes kf egp ksnd

bktgsrp Gkrsndrg sdrr`skrp evd _tè' Z`sn`g sn` ve

rdehm( snd ndsdrkjdgd`sp kf mer`gd( frdnzesdr( sdrrdsrèh( egc

bkeseh bkgc`s`kg yrkctbd dbkpsdm frkm Erbs`b cddrs sk

okrdeh fkrds' E hkgj egc bkmyhd~ bkesh`gd< bktyhdc

sdrrdsrèh+bkeseh+mer`gd psdm< frdnzesdr( de zesdr( egc

frkqdg zesdr `g ehh `s fkrm< egc tgcdrhp`gj jrec`dgs `g

sdmydrestrd( yrdb`y`ses`kg( egc jdkhkjp yrddgs `jg`beg

kyykrstg`s`d fkr oksn ydb`b egc bkmyeres`vd stcp' Snd

`qd kf snd Begecèg Erbs b yrddgs tgùtd kyykrstg`s d fkr

h`gl`gj mkcdh egc yrkbd stc`d ebrk behd frkm hkbeh sk

rdj`kgeh sk jhkoeh' E zdhh( sn` erde yrddgs e tgùtd egc

nern bh`mesd( zn`bn ` gks yrddgs es rdhes`vd hes`stcd `g ksndr

b`rbtmykher bktgsr`d' Snd yr`s`gd gestrd kf mtbn kf

Begece Erbs`b ehk tyykrs `gvds`jes`kg `gsk snd dffdbs

kf bh`mesd bnegjd egc ksndr egsnrkykjdg`b `myebs

Sndd bnerebsdr`s`b meld Begece Erbs`b e ykzdrft

gestreh heokreskrp'

Snd ntmeg c`mdg`kg kf Begece Erbs`b yrddgs e ldp

ecvegsejd fkr b`dgbd `g snd Begecèg Gkrsn' Eokr`j`ge

ydkyhd nevd cdvdhkydc srec`s`kgeh egc hkbeh lgkzhdcjd kvdr

snktegc kf pder kf rd`cdgbd `g snd Gkrsn snes beg `gfkrm

egc bkmyhdmdgs mkcdrg b`dgbd' H`v`gj pder-rktgc `g snd

Erbs`b( Gkrsndrgdr beg d~sdgc snd rdderbn dekg dffdbs`vdhp

egc dfb`dgshp' Gkrsndrgdr gddc egc vehtd b`dgbd sk ndhy

sndm tgcdrsegc( megejd( egc eceys sk snd yrdb`y`skt

bnegjd g snd Gkrsn e snd ftstrd kf snd Erbs`b snd`r ftstrd

Gkrsndrgdr d~ydr`dgbd g dgjej`gj g snd b`dgbd bkgctbsdc

`g snd`r bkmmtg`s`d e megcesdc snrktjn snd hegc-

bhe`m yrkbd rdyrddgs e tgùtd ecvegsejd fkr Begecèg


25/41

?9 V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

b`dgbd Erbs`b kr ksndrz`d' @g Begece( rdbdgs egc `jg`begs

dffkrs nevd oddg mecd sk yrkmksd b`dgs`b egc bthstreh

h`glejd op tyykrs`gj nkh`s`b egc brk-c`b`yh`gerp rdderbn

egc dgjej`gj Gkrsndrgdr e seldnkhcdr'

zl yb

5 B`dgBd yr`kr`s`d

Snd Begecèg Jkvdrgmdgs ne sesdc snes zkrhc-bhe rdderbn

d~bdhhdgbd ` Begece segcerc' Sn` beg od ebn`dvdc kghp op

fkbt`gj kg yr`kr`s`d serjds`gj oe`b egc eyyh`dc rdderbn `g

erde kf srdgjsn egc kyykrstg`sp' Fkr snd Erbs`b rdderbn

ses`kg( sn` mdeg cdsdrm`g`gj yr`kr`s`d snes cdgd Begece

g`bnd `g Erbs`b b`dgbd' Snd Mep 5?-52( ?99> V``kg`gj

Zkrlnky mecd e tosegsèh bkgsròts`kg `g sn` rdydbs'

Snd bkmyhdmdgs kf zkrlnky yers`b`yegs rdyrddgsdc

d~ydrs`d c`vdrd g b`dgs`b c`b`yh`gd( gs`sts`kgeh d~ydr`dgbd

egc jdkjreyn`b bkyd< zn`bn yrkv`cdc eg ebbtresd dgd kf

Erbs`b R&S `td `g Begece' Snd yers`b`yegs dvehtesdc snd

orkec ydbsrtm kf `gyts egc `cdgs`dc e mehh gtmodr kf

R&S `td fkr snd Begecèg N`jn Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg

.Rdd Eggd~ 3)' Sndd yr`kr`s`d zdrd ftrsndr c`s`hhdc ckzg sk

snd fkhhkz`gj fktr orkec R&S yr`kr`s`d fkr sn` rdykrs

egc bkmyhdmdgsdc op cdse`h `g snd Eyyrkebn egc

Dgeoh`gjdbs`kg'

Ehsnktjn snd `td yrddgsdc z`sn`g debn yr`kr`sp eyyder

etskgkmkt( snd `gsdrbkggdbsdc gestrd kf psdm ` e ldp

bkg`cdres`kg fkr debn yr`kr`sp' Snd rdut`rdmdgs sk tyykrs

mths`-c`b`yh`gerp stc`d `g snd Erbs`b ebrk .`'d' gestreh egc

kbèh b`dgbd) egc z`sn`g .`'d' o`khkj`beh( ynp`beh egc ndehsn

b`dgbd) c`b`yh`gd beggks od kvdrsesdc'

Sndd fktr yr`kr`s`d erd bkg`sdgs z`sn ksndr ges`kgeh egc

`gsdrges`kgeh yrkjremm`gj egc yr`kr`sp dss`gj fkrtm fkr

R&S( `g jdgdreh( egc Erbs`b R&S( `g yers`bther( `gbhtc`gj

rdfdrdgbd `g snd Ryddbn frkm snd Snrkgd( snd Gkrsndrg

Rsresdjp( snd yr`kr`s`d fkr snd Jkvdrgmdgs kf Begece

yrkjrem fkr @gsdrges`kgeh Ykher Pder( snd Jkvdrgmdgs kf

Begece R&S Rsresdjp egc kmd kf snd b`dgbd yheg `g snd

Rdbkgc @gsdrges`kgeh Bkgfdrdgbd kg Erbs`b _dderbn Yhegg`gj

.@BE_Y @@) kvdrv`dz rdykrs'

_khd kf Sdbngkhkjp

Sdbngkhkjp ze `cdgs`dc op yers`b`yegs e nev`gj e

`jg`begs rkhd sk yhep ebrk ehh fktr yr`kr`s`d d`sndr `g

dgeoh`gj Erbs`b b`dgbd `g sndd erde kr `g rdeh`q`gj

dgv`rkgmdgseh( dbkgkm`b( kr kbèh odgds `g snd Gkrsn

c`rdbshp snrktjn ggkves`kg egc bkmmdrbèh`qes`kg' Sndrdfkrd(

Sdbngkhkjp ` beystrdc e e brk-btss`gj erde resndr sneg e

yr`kr`sp `g `sdhf'

@g sdrm kf tyykrs`gj snd b`dgbd berr`dc kts snrktjn sndses`kg( ecvegbd `g sdbngkhkj`d tbn e rdmksd dg`gj(

`gfkrmes`kg megejdmdgs egc bkmmtg`bes`kg( rkoks`b( egc

mkg`skr`gj bkthc ndhy meld rdderbn egc rdhesdc b`dgs`b

ebs`v`s`d mkrd dffdbs`vd egc dfb`dgs ebrk ehh fktr yr`kr`s`d'

Begece srdgjsn `g sndd erde e cdmkgsresdc op

_ECE_RES ?( snd zkrhc-bhe `gsrtmdgs cd`jg egc

cdvdhkymdgs fkr esmkyndr`b mkg`skr`gj es YDE_H( egc snd

Gdystgd yrkadbs es snd Tg`vdr`sp kf V`bskrè bkthc od

ftrsndr fksdrdc op snd ses`kg' Yers`b`yegs tjjdsdc snes `s

ze tgh`ldhp snes snd ses`kg zkthc yhep e ldp rkhd `g snd

`ggkves`kg kf gdz sdbngkhkj`d( j`vdg snd br`s`beh me kf

ftgc`gj egc d~ydrs`d spy`behhp rdut`rdc sk cdvdhky gdz

yrkctbs egc drv`bd' Nkzdvdr( snd ses`kg bkthc drvd e e

yhebd fkr sds`gj egc eceyses kg kf sdbngkhkj d e zdhh e

nkzbe`gj egc merlds`gj' Snd yers`bther srdgjsn `g sn`

erde erd eceyses`kg kf d~`s`gj sdbngkhkj`d sk snd d~srdmd

bkgc`s`kg kf Begece Erbs`b egc kyykrstg`s`d sk dgnegbd

Gkrsndrg tse`geo`h`sp .d'j' dgdrjp dfb`dgbp)'

Yr`kr`s`d

Rtse`geohd _dktrbd

Cdvdhkymdgs

Dgv`rkgmdgseh Rb`dgbd

egc Rsdzercn`yBh`mesd Bnegjd

Ndehsnp egc Rtse`geohd

Bkmmtg`s`d

Sdbngkhkjp

Seohd 5

Yr`kr`s`d egc Sdbngkhkjp


26/41

V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d ?5

Kvdrehh( `s ze n`jnh`jnsdc snes Begece R&S yr`kr`s`d fkr

snd Erbs`b z`hh bnegjd egc dvkhvd kvdr s`md e gdz lgkzhdcjd

egc gdz bnehhdgjd dmdrjd' Sndd fktr yr`kr`s`d bkthc yrkv`cd

e orkec yhesfkrm kg zn`bn sk ot`hc Begece gdz Erbs`b

rdderbn ses`kg egc `s ekbèsdc R&S yrkjrem' Sndp erd

yrddgsdc `g mkrd cdse`h `g snd gd~s dbs`kg'

? eyyrkeBn

@g ecc`s`kg sk snd bkgvdrjdgbd kg e mehh gtmodr kf R&S

yr`kr`s`d( yers`b`yegs vk`bdc srkgj bkgdgt ctr`gj snd

zkrlnky kg febskr sndp bkgsdgcdc zdrd `gsdjreh sk snd

tbbdfth cdh`vdrp kf sndd yr`kr`s`d egc snd cdvdhkymdgs kf

snd BNE_R' Sndp me`gse`gdc snes snd eyyrkebn sk tgcdrsel`gj

R&S `g Begece Gkrsn ` `gndrdgshp e `mykrsegs e snd spyd

kf b`dgbd od`gj bkgctbsdc es snd ses`kg' Snd eyyrkebn sk

ck`gj b`dgbd zkthc cdgd snd jhkoeh ecvegsejd fkr Begecegdz rdderbn ses`kg dvdg mkrd sneg snd R&S yrkjrem `sdhf'

@g`jns kg nkz snd ses`kg egc b`dgbd yrkjrem bkthc od ot`hs

sk hdvdrejd snd rerd kyykrstg`sp fkr eg `gsdjresdc b`dgbd

psdm `g Begece Gkrsn erd cdse`hdc `g snd Eyyrkebn

dbs`kg odhkz'

2 dgeoh`gj Bkgc`s`kg

_deh`q`gj snd fthh yksdgsèh kf snd ftstrd Erbs`b _dderbn

Rses`kg kvdr oksn snd nkrs egc snd hkgj sdrm z`hh rdut`rd

fksdr`gj ldp dgeoh`gj bkgc`s`kg' @g yers`bther( `s z`hh rdut`rd

dgtr`gj snes snd btrrdgs ydel `g b`dgbd ebs`v`sp `g BegeceGkrsn( ftdhhdc op @gsdrges`kgeh Ykher Pder( ` nergddc

dffdbs`vdhp snrktjn `gsdr`m `gvdsmdgs `g ecvegbd kf snd

hetgbn kf snd ses`kg sk brdesd egc tse`g snd gd~s jdgdres`kg

kf ykher b`dgs`s' Sndd febskr erd c`btdc g snd Dgeoh`gj

bkgc`s`kg dbs`kg odhkz'

5 bb & sbp y

Snd fkhhkz`gj dbs`kg cdse h snd bkgsd~s fkr debn kf snd

yr`kr`s`d< snd res`kgehd fkr debn yr`kr`sp `g snd gkrsn( d~emyhd

kf snd spyd kf b`dgbd snes bkthc od `gbhtcdc `g snd yr`kr`sp e

zdhh e Begece d~`s`gj egc yksdgsèh srdgjsn `g snd erde'Snd h`s erd yrkv`cdc fkr `hhtsres`vd ytrykd kghp egc gks

`gsdgcdc e e cdg`s`vd bkyd kf snd R&S yrkjrem fkr snd

N`jn Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg( e e ftstrd jkvdrgegbd mkcdh

z`hh od dseoh`ndc fkr tbn e sel'

5'5 tse`geohd rdktrBd cdVdhkyMdgs

Rb`dgbd fkr znes;

Snd Erbs`b ` d~bdys`kgehhp r`bn `g gestreh rdktrbd' Snd

Gkrsnzds Sdrr`skr`d( Gtgevts egc snd Erbs`b kffnkrd erde

nkhc eg ds`mesdc kgd-sn`rc kf sn` bktgsrp bkgvdgs`kgehhprdbkvdreohd dgdrjp rdktrbd kf gestreh je egc kgd-utersd

kf snd rdme`g`gj rdbkvdreohd h`jns brtcd k`h' Kghp e s`gp

frebs`kg kf sndd dgdrjp rdktrbd nevd oddg seyydc' E zdhh

e gtmodr kf meakr m`g`gj cdvdhkymdgs yrkadbs erd tgcdrzep

egc od`gj yrkykdc ebrk snd Gkrsn egc eggktgbdmdgs

nevd rdbdgshp oddg mecd fkr `gfresrtbstrd sk tyykrs e

jrkz`gj ndr`d dbskr'

E mkrd ebbdòhd Erbs`b egc snd n`jn merlds cdmegc fk

dgdrjp yrkctbs egc m`gdreh erd es snd kr`j`g kf `gbrdedc

rdktrbd d~yhkres`kg egc d~yegc`gj `gctsrèh cdvdhkymdgs `g

megp rdj`kg `g snd Begecèg Erbs`b' Zn`hd sndd febskrbkgsròtsd sk e yk`s`vd ktshkkl fkr gkrsndrg dbkgkm`b

cdvdhkymdgs( sndrd ` e lddg d~ydbses`kg op Gkrsndrgdr egc

Begecèg eh`ld snes egp yksdgsèh cdvdhkymdgs `g sn` yr`s`gd

erde berdfthhp mdetrdc eje`gs snd bkmo`gdc dgv`rkgmdgseh

kbèh egc ykh`s`beh bks'

Sndrd erd yers`bther dgj`gddr`gj( efdsp egc sregykrses`kg

bnehhdgjd ekbèsdc z`sn rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs `g snd gkrsn

ctd sk snd rdmksd hkbes`kg( nern bh`mesd( dg`s`vd dbkpsdm

de `bd cpgem`b egc `gseo`h`sp kf ydrmefrks' Sk dgtrd

dbkgkm`b vèo`h`sp `g gkrsndrg cdvdhkymdgs( `gctsrp kfsdg

tgcdrseld yrkadbs kf `mmdgd bkyd egc behd( sndrdopyheb`gj yrdtrd kg kbèh( dbkgkm`b egc ynp`beh gfresrtbstrd

egc `gbrde`gj snd dgv`rkgmdgseh fkksyr`gs'

Dgtr`gj gkrsndrg rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs ` oksn tse`geohd

egc rdydbs`vd kf snd tgùtd dgv`rkgmdgseh bkgc`s`kg ` e

meakr bnehhdgjd zn`bn rdut`rd n`jn uteh`sp egc rdhdveg

b`dgs`b lgkzhdcjd sk ed snd srecd-kff emkgj ver`kt

jkeh kf snd o`khkj`beh( dbkgkm b egc kbèh psdm'

Znes b`dgbd;

Snd fkhhkz`gj h`s `cdgs`d d~emyhd kf d~`s`gj dffkrs egc

yksdgsèh ftstrd kyykrstg`s`d fkr Begece sk cdh`vdr Rtse`geohd

_dktrbd Cdvdhkymdgs `g snd Gkrsn' @s ` `mykrsegs sk gksd

snes snd Rtse`geohd _dktrbd Cdvdhkymdgs yr`kr`sp yrddgs

tgùtd kyykrstg`s`d fkr sdbngkhkjp cdvdhkymdgs egc

`gsdrc`b`yh`gerp stcp sdem( `gbhtc`gj ldp yersgdrn`y z`sn

`gctsrp'


27/41

?? V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

Ed`gj snd dgdrjp yksdgsèh `g snd Erbs`b1

Bkgvdgs`kgeh .dc`mdgserp oe`g)

Tgbkgvdgs`kgeh egc rdgdzeohd .je npcresd( s`ceh(

z`gc( npcrkdhdbsr`b( kher( o`kftdh( egc ksndr

rdgdzeohd dgdrjp)

_dktrbd yksdgsèh meyy`gj

Dgdrjp cdmegc megejdmdgs egc dgdrjp dfb`dgbp

_dktrbd D~srebs`kg( Megtfebstr`gj( egc Sregykrses`kg

Ydrmefrks

Zdesndr egc `bd fkrdbes`gj

Zesd megejdmdgs

@gfresrtbstrd

Bkhc bh`mesd sdbngkhkj`d

_djthes`kg@myebs Megejdmdgs .Dgv`rkgmdgseh( Rkbèh( Bthstreh

egc Dbkgkm`b)

Dmdrjdgbp yrdvdgs`kg( yrdyerdcgd( egc rdykgd

Dgv`rkgmdgseh rdbhemes`kg egc rdmdcès`kg

Begece tgùtd ecVegsejd

Zkrlnky yers`b`yegs n`jnh`jnsdc bkhc bh`mesd sdbngkhkj`d

e e ydb`b srdgjsn egc erde kf kgjk`gj fkbt fkr Begece

sk ndhy eccrd snd bnehhdgjd ykdc op tse`geohd rdktrbd

cdvdhkymdgs' @ggkves`vd sdbngkhkj`d bkthc d~yegc beyeo`h`s`d(`gbrded efdsp febskr egc cdbrded dgv`rkgmdgseh myebs'

Begece ne tosegsèh lgkzhdcjd `g snd R&S eyyh`bes`kg

rdhesdc sk gestreh rdktrbd( egc `g yers`bther sk m`g`gj egc

dgdrjp' Fkr d~emyhd( snd rdbdgs d~ydr`dgbd z`sn m`g`gj

kydres`kg `g snd Gkrsnzds Sdrr`skr`d ne rdthsdc `g sesd-

kf-snd-ers `gfresrtbstrd' E zdhh( `gs`sts`kg tbn e snd

Ges`kgeh _dderbn Bktgb`h kf Begece erd bkhheokres`gj z`sn

`gctsrp egc ebecdm`b dbskr sk cdh`vdr btss`gj dcjd bkhc

bh`mesd sdbngkhkj`d sk sds egc dvehtesd snd`r yrkctbs `g

bkgc`s`kg snes `mthesd gkrsndrg dgv`rkgmdgs'

R&S tgcdr sn` yr`kr`sp dgbktrejd snd dseoh`nmdgs kfytoh`b-yr`vesd dbskr yersgdrn`y' Snd `gctsrp dbskr `

odbkm`gj e meakr tdr kf rdderbn rdths egc derhp

dgjejdmdgs z`sn sn` dbskr z`hh od `mykrsegs fkr yersgdrdc

rdderbn dffkrs egc lgkzhdcjd sregfdr'

5 bb & sbp y

5'? dgV`rkgMdgseh B`dgBd egc

sdzercn`y

Rb`dgbd fkr znes;

Begece Erbs`b bkmyr`d e z`cd errep kf mer`gd( bkeseh(

egc sdrrdsrèh dbkpsdm regj`gj frkm kydg kbdeg( sk Erbs`b

cddrs( sk okrdeh fkrds' R&S beg yrkv`cd snd fktgces`kg fkr

megej`gj sn` ves hegcbeyd ehkgj z`sn `s erbn`ydhejk egc `s

tgùtd z`hch`fd snrktjn hkgj-sdrm mkg`skr`gj( yrkbd stc`d(

egc mkcdhh`gj( egc( mkrd mykrsegshp( snrktjn snd gsdjres`kg

kf ehh snrdd' Dgv`rkgmdgseh b`dgbd ddl sk tgcdrsegc snd

bnerebsdr s`b kf yers`bther ydb`d .d'j' sn`bl-o`hhdc mtrrd)(

yrkbdd .d'j' o`kebbtmthes kg kf mdrbtrp g fessp s`td)( kr

dbkpsdm .d'j' stgcre jrehegc) egc znes febskr egc

`gsdrebs`kg cr`vd snd`r kbbtrrdgbd egc bnegjd kvdr s`md egc

yebd' Rstc`d regjd frkm hkbeh .kgd mdsrd op kgd mdsrdvdjdses kg yhks) sk jhkoeh .bkmyer`gj o`kc`vdr`sp `gc`beskr

ebrk yrdb`y`ses`kg egc sdmydrestrd jrec`dgs) egc frkm kgd-

s`md kodrves`kg sk cdbecd-hkgj rdderbn yrkadbs'

Mkg`skr`gj yrkv`cd lgkzhdcjd kg znes ` neyydg`gj `g

sndd psdm - kg snd sest egc srdgc kf ldp verèohd' @g

ecc`s`kg sk mkg`skr`gj kf btrrdgs bkgc`s`kg( b`dgs`s beg

d~sdgc snd s`md behd oebl op ntgcrdc kr dvdg snktegc kf

pder t`gj yehdk eyyrkebnd' Jdgkm`b( `m`herhp( beg yrkv`cd

`g`jns `gsk yes yrkbdd e zdhh e yrkv`c`gj `g`jns kg

btrrdgs yrdtrd'

Yrkbd stc`d egc mkcdhh`gj ndhy sk sded kts snd znp - sndbetd egc dffdbs kf srdgc( kf bnegjd( kr kf bkg`sdgbp `g

snd febd kf bnegjd es snd hkbeh( rdj`kgeh( egc jhkoeh behd'

Betd bkthc od ntmeg .d'j' bnegjd `g ntgs`gj yrdtrd kg

z`hch`fd ykythes`kg)( gestreh .d'j' oebljrktgc tbstes`kg `g

sdmydrestrd)( kr egsnrkykjdg`b .d'j' rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs

`myebs kr bh`mesd bnegjd)' Rnkrs sdrm kodrves`kgeh s`md

dr`d mep od tdfth fkr kmd yrkbd stc`d' Nkzdvdr( hkgj

sdrm cese ds erd rdut`rdc sk cdvdhky eg dgv`rkgmdgseh

yrdc`bs`kg egc mkcdh`gj beyeb`sp snes ` mths`-behd .nktr sk

cdbecd egc l`hkmdsrd sk jhkoeh) egc mths`c`b`yh`gerp `g

krcdr sk ecvegbd tgcdrsegc`gj kf nkz Erbs`b psdm zkrl(

nkz sndp erd bnegj`gj( egc nkz sndp fddc oebl `gsk jhkoeh

yrkbdd egc bh`mesd'


28/41


Snd c`vdr`sp kf snd Begecèg Gkrsn rdyrddgs eg tgyerehhdhdc

kyykrstg`sp sk dgjejd `g bktyhdc sdrrdsrèh+bkeseh+

esmkyndr b+eutes`b stc`d ebrk jrec`dgs kf sdmydrestrd(

ceph`jns( egc yrdb`y`ses`kg egc ebrk sdmykreh behd frkm

m`gtsd sk m`hhdggè egc yesèh behd frkm mdsrd sk jhkoeh'

Rtbn gsdjresdc( psdm eyyrkebnd zdrd n`jnhp rdbkmmdgcdc

op zkrlnky yers`b`yegs e od`gj gdbderp sk tgcdrsegc snd

bnehhdgjd gkz feb`gj snd Gkrsn( egc( mkrd orkechp snd jhkod'

Rtbn eyyrkebnd ot`hc kg snd tbbdfth d~dbts`vd kf snd

@gsdrges`kgeh Ykher Pder' R`gjhd c`b`yh`gd kr `gjhd ydb`d

stc`d erd yrkv`gj `gtfb`dgs sk tgcdrsegc`gj snd bkmyhd~(

`gsdrrdhesdc bnegjd nevd oddg ddg bkg`sdgshp `g snd Erbs`b

fkr dvdreh pder' Eyyrkebnd snes h`gldc snd ykhd zdrd hetcdc

op zkrlnky yers`b`yegs e yrkv`c`gj snd yksdgsèh fkr dvdg

jrdesdr ecvegbd snrktjn bkmyeres`vd egehp`'

J`vdg snd ves egc rdmksd jdkjreynp kf Begece Erbs`b(

megp jey d~`s `g btrrdgs oedh`gd dgv`rkgmdgseh cese ds'

Hkgj-sdrm cese erd gks eve`heohd fkr megp dbkpsdm' Snd

trjd kf b`dgs`b ebs`v`sp ctr`gj @YP ne yrkv`cdc eg

kyykrstg`sp sk dseoh`n eg `gsdjresdc oedh`gd cese ds egc e

fktgces`kg gdszkrl kf kodrveskrp `sd fkr Begece Erbs`b

egc sk odssdr tgcdrsegc snd ldp dbkpsdm egc bkmykgdgs

zn`bn erd `cdeh fkr tse`gdc kodrves`kg' Ehh kf snd yeydr

`gyts fkr snd V``kg`gj Zkrlnky egc zkrlnky yers`b`yegs

mdejd dmyne`qdc snd gddc fkr tse`gdc kodrves`kg `g

Begece Erbs`b sk odssdr tgcdrsegc snd psdm egc rdykgc

sk rdbdgs egc ftstrd bnegjd .dgv`rkgmdgseh( kbèh(

dbkgkm`beh( ykh`s`beh kr ksndrz`d)'

Rtbn cese egc `gfkrmes`kg zkthc od gdbderp fkr eyyh`bes`kg

`g e gtmodr kf zep( `gbhtc`gj .ots gks h`m`sdc sk)1

dgv`rkgmdgseh `myebs edmdgs


29/41


Begece tgùtd ecvegsejd

Snd jdkjreynp kf Begece Erbs`b dbkpsdm ` bkmyhd~(

c`vdrd( egc ves' Snd rdmksdgd egc nern bh`mesd `gbtr

kydres`kgeh egc gegbèh bnehhdgjd sk b`dgs`b stcp(

`gbhtc`gj snd bkhhdbs`kg kf cese( tse`g`gj kodrves kg kvdrs`md( egc me`gse`g`gj bkmyrdndg`vd kodrves`kg psdm'

Rtbn bnehhdgjd nevd rdthsdc `g snd cdvdhkymdgs kf e hdjebp

kf Begecèg Erbs b rdderbn egc e Begecèg beyeb`sp fkr

cdh`vdr`gj sdbng`beh egc b`dgs`b d~bdhhdgbd `g `td rdhesdc

sk Dgv`rkgmdgseh Rb`dgbd egc Rsdzercn`y' Snd V``kg`gj

Zkrlnky n`jnh`jnsdc e gtmodr kf kyykrstg`s d sk ot`hc

tykg ktr d~`s`gj srdgjsn< snd mks yrkm`gdgs ecvegsejd

`cdgs`dc ze snd ydkyhd kf Gkrsndrg Begece'

Gks kghp ckd Begece nevd zkrhc bhe Erbs`b b`dgs`s( `s ehk

ne snd hkgj segc`gj gkrsndrg eokr`j`geh ykythes`kg znk

beg yrkv`cd `jg`begs bkgsròts`kg sk lgkzhdcjd kf oksn

Erbs`b egc ges`kgeh egc jhkoeh psdm' Sndd bthstrd yrkv`cd

snd rdderbn zkrhc z`sn e tgùtd egc `gsr`besd lgkzhdcjd

eokts Erbs`b dbkpsdm'

Yersgdr`gj z`sn `gc`jdgkt ydkyhd egc bkmmtg`s`d `g ehh

eydbs kf b`dgs`b ebs`v`sp frkm yr`kr`sp dss`gj sk egehp`

egc rdykrs`gj dgbktrejd ebs`vd yers`b`yes`kg kts kf zn`bn

gdz lgkzhdcjd beg od je`gdc( jdgdreh sndkrp cdvdhkydc( egc

ykh`bp-rdhdvegs rdbkmmdgces`kg fkr yrd`gj `td beg

dmdrjd' Rbky`gj yeydr fkr gtmdrkt cdyersmdgs egc

ejdgb`d n`jnh`jnsdc d~`s`gj Bkmmtg`sp-Oedc Mkg`skr`gj

yrkjrem' Yrkydrhp cd`jgdc bkmmtg`sp mkg`skr`gj dhdmdgs

beg d~sdgc snd yesèh egc sdmykreh bkvdrejd kf bkmykgdgs

egc ebs`v`s`d d~dbtsdc op snd b`dgbd bkmmtg`sp( sndrdop

yrkv`c`gj fkr e odssdr fktgces`kg egc z`cdr tgcdrsegc`gj kf

Erbs`b dbkpsdm'

E ftrsndr tgùtd ecvegsejd fkr Begece ` snd s`mdhp

kyykrstg`sp sk yers`b`yesd egc hdec jhkoeh fkrtm' Begece `

ebs`vdhp dgjejdc `g snd `gsdrges`kgeh yrkbd sk cdvdhky

rdbkmmdgces`kg fkr Rtse`g`gj Erbs`b Kodrv`gj Gdszkrl

.REKG)( e yers kf e hdjebp fkr @YP' Op cdmkgsres`gj jhkoeh

hdecdrn`y egc tyykrs fkr sn` bkhhdbs`vd dffkrs( Begece beg

dgtrd ktr ges`kgeh koadbs`vd erd beystrdc `g snd

rdbkmmdgces`kg egc snd yrkbd sk cdgd snd rdut`rdc

kodrv`gj `sd egc gdszkrl( mdbneg`m fkr tse`g`gj

kodrv`gj gdszkrl( e zdhh e dgnegbdc bkggdbs`kg odszddg

mkcdh`gj( mkg`skr`gj egc kydg egc s`mdhp ebbd sk cese'

F`gehhp( snd Dgv`rkgmdgseh Rb`dgbd egc Rsdzercn`y yr`kr`sp

bkthc ts`h`qd e gtmodr kf btss`gj-dcjd sdbngkhkj`d fkr cese

bkhhdbs`kg( `gbhtc`gj yebd-oedc sdbngkhkj`d( mths`dgkr

gdszkrl egc etskgkmkt tgmeggdc vdn`bhd' Fkr d~emyhd(

snd Begecèg Ryebd Ejdgbp snrktjn _eceres 5 egc ?(

dgeohd pgsnds`b eydrstrd recer kodrves`kg .cep+g`jns( ehh

zdesndr) fkr Erbs`b hegcme egc `bd mkg`skr`gj( fkr oksn

jdgdreh egc ydb`b erde kf `gsdrds' Ecvegbdc egc rkots

`gfkrmes`kg egc bkmmtg`bes`kg sdbngkhkj`d zdrd ddg op

zkrlnky yers`b`yegs sk od br`s`beh sk mkg`skr`gj snd erbs`b(

sk hdvdrej`gj snd cese( egc sk `gsdjres`gj ebrk stc`d

z`sn`g Begece egc jhkoehhp'

5 bb & sbp y

5'2 Bh`Mesd Bnegjd

Rb`dgbd fkr znes;

Bh`mesd Bnegjd rdme`g e yr`kr`sp tgsk `sdhf e `s ` e brk-

btss`gj td snes kvdrhep ehh eydbs kf snd ksndr snrdd yr`kr`s`d'

@myebs kf bh`mesd bnegjd z`hh od fdhs rs egc fkrdmks `g

ykher rdj`kg' Snd Erbs`b ne ehrdecp d~ydr`dgbdc `jg`begs

bnegjd sk `s bh`mesd snes erd yrkctb`gj bebec`gj dffdbs kgynp`beh( o`khkj`beh( dbkgkm`b egc kbèh psdm' Fkr sndd

rdekg( zkrlnky yers`b`yegs n`jnh`jnsdc snd yrd`gj gddc sk

me`gse`g e cdc`besdc fkbt kg Bh`mesd Bnegjd'

Snd rkhd kf ykher rdj`kg `g jhkoeh psdm yrkv`cd e ldp

tgcdrsegc`gj kf snd yebd egc bkyd kf bh`mesd bnegjd

rdut`rdc sk tgcdrsegc egc yrdc`bs snd verèo`h`sp egc `myebs

oksn `g snd Erbs`b egc erktgc snd zkrhc' Jheb`dr egc `bd

ndds kf snd ykher rdj`kg erd rdyk`skr`d kf bh`mesd

.egc rdhesdc) rdbkrc' Bh`mesd bnegjd z`hh nevd `myh`bes`kg

kg ehh erde kf stcp .`gbhtc`gj gestreh( kbèh egc ndehsn) egc

sndd `myh`bes`kg z`hh ykd `jg`begs bnehhdgjd egckyykrstg`s`d fkr dg`s`vd Erbs`b dbkpsdm egc bkmmtg`s`d'

E snd cdvdhkymdgs kf bh`mesd bnegjd ` odssdr tgcdrskkc

egc `s yksdgsèh `myebs cdgdc( `s z`hh od gdbderp sk stcp snd

rdut`rdc eceyses`kg egc eceys`vd beyeb`s`d kf bkmmtg`s`d'

Znes b`dgbd;

Bh`mesd bnegjd b`dgbd ddl sk dgnegbd tgcdrsegc`gj kf

snd betd( gestrd( s`m`gj egc bkgdutdgbd kf bh`mesd bnegjd

snrktjn odssdr lgkzhdcjd kf Dersn psdm yrkbdd gbhtc`gj

esmkyndr`b ynp`b egc bndm`srp egc snd h`gl odszddg

esmkyndr`b( sdrrdsrèh( mer`gd( egc bprkyndr`b psdm'Snrktjn b`dgs`b kodrves`kg( hkgj-sdrm mkg`skr`gj( egc

egehpd( e odssdr tgcdrsegc`gj kf snd Dersn yes egc

yrddgs bh`mesd egc snd mejg`stcd egc d~sdgs kf bh`mesd

verèo`h`sp egc bnegjd ` cdvdhkydc egc tdc sk sds egc sk

`myrkvd mkcdh snes tyykrs m`s`jes`kg egc eceys`kg dffkrs'

@gbrde`gjhp( bh`mesd bnegjd b`dgbd ` `gsdjres`gj frkm hkbeh

egc rdj`kgeh behd kodrves`kg egc yrkbd stc`d

sk tgcdrsegc snd `myebs kf bnegjd es snkd behd kg


30/41


jhkoeh psdm' Bkgvdrdhp( snd bkgdutdgbd kf jhkoeh bnegjd

erd dv`cdgs e sndp rdec kts es hkbeh egc rdj`kgeh behd' Sn`

rdut`rd e s`jns `gsdjres`kg emkgj snd mkg`skr`gj( yrkbd

rdderbn( egc mkcdhh`gj ckgd op dgv`rkgmdgseh b`dgbd egc

snkd zkrl`gj kg bh`mesd yrkbdd es snd jhkoeh behd'


yksdgsèh ftstrd kyykrstg`s`d fkr Begece sk cdh`vdr kg snd

Bh`mesd Bnegjd yr`kr`sp' @gsdjres`kg kf lgkzhdcjd egc

`gfkrmes`kg odszddg sn` egc snd ksndr yr`kr`s`d ` ddgsèh e

Bh`mesd Bnegjd ` gks h`m`sdc sk egp kgd `td1

Tgcdrsegc gj snd rkhd kf Erbs`b dbkpsdm egc yrkbdd

`g jhkoeh bh`mesd verèo`h`sp egc bnegjd

Berokg bpbhd

Zesdr bpbhd

Yrdb`y`ses`kg egc gkz bkvdr

Esmkyndr`b bndm`srp egc ykhhtsegs

Edrkkh egc bhktc

Bnegjd `g snd odnev`ktr kf hegc egc kbdeg ydb`d

Yrdc`bs`vd egc mkcdh`gj beyeb`sp es ehh behd z`sn

`gbrde`gj bkgcdgbd

@myebs egc Eceyses`kg

@myebs egc fddcoebl frkm dbkpsdm bnegjd

Dmdrjdgbp yrdyerdcgd

Sregykrses`kg egc Rn`yy gj e e rdths kf snd

kydg`gj kf snd Gkrsnzds Yeejd@gfresrtbstrd

_dj`kgeh edmdgs

Eceys`vd beyeb`sp egc rd`h`dgbd


Begece Erbs`b yrkv`cd kgd kf snd ods yhesfkrm sk stcp

n`jn hes`stcd bh`mesd yrkbdd zn`bn erd yrkv`gj sk od br`s`beh

sk jhkoeh bh`mesd mkcdh' Bh`mesd bnegjd ` neyydg`gj fesdr

egc z`sn jrdesdr gsdg`sp es snd ykhd sneg nec oddg yrdc`bsdc'

Begece Gkrsn nkhc `mykrsegs bhtd sk snd ftstrd kf sndyhegds bh`mesd egc z`hh yrkv`cd `g`jns kg nkz dbkpsdm

egc ntmeg eceys sk bh`mesd bnegjd e snd Erbs`b h`vd snrktjn

megp kf sndd bnegjd rs'

Mkcdh`gj `myrkvdmdgs rdut`rd tosegsèhhp dgnegbdc

kodrves`kg egc veh`ces`kg beyeb`sp sk `myrkvd tgcdrsegc`gj

kf mths`yhd bh`mesd yrkbdd' Snd @YBB ecvegbd jrdesdr

bkgcdgbd `g mkcdh yrkadbs`kg kvdr snd`r hes rdykrs ctd sk

ecvegbd `g bh`mesd b`dgbd egc bkmytsdr-oedc mkcdhh`gj

beyeb`sp egc d~sdgcdc kodrves`kgeh ydr`kc' E ldp erde kf

fkbt fkr eceyses`kg yhegg`gj ` mkv`gj snd ktsyts frkm snd

jhkoeh b`rbthes`kg mkcdh oebl ckzg sk rdj`kgeh mkcdh`gj egc

ecats`gj .ckzgbeh`gj) z`sn snd td kf n`skr`beh kodrves kg

Ftgcemdgseh sk sn` zkrl ` snd hkgj sdrm tse`geo`h`sp kf

mdsdkrkhkj`beh kodrves`kg gdszkrl'

Gkrsndrgdr egc snd`r bkmmtg`s`d erd z`sgd`gj egc

d~ydr`dgb`gj snd dffdbs kf bh`mesd bnegjd rs negc' Hkbe

lgkzhdcjd kf snd resd egc `gsdg`sp kf snd `myebs kf bh`mesd

bnegjd ` e vehteohd bkgsròts`kg sk ktr kvdrehh tgcdrsegc`gj

E zdhh( `s ` ddgsèh sk dgjejd bkmmtg`s`d sk dgtrd sne

m`s`jes`kg mdetrd egc eceys`vd beyeb`s`d erd eyyrkyrèsd

egc ts`h`qdc'

J`vdg snd `jg`begs `myebs frkm bh`mesd bnegjd ehrdecp

od`gj ddg `g snd Gkrsn( snd rkhd kf sdbngkhkjp `g eceys`gj sksndd bnegjd ` br`s`beh' Cd`jg`gj gdz `gfresrtbstrd egc

rdsrk-ss`gj kr rdhkbes`gj d~`s`gj feb`h`s`d sk eccrd

ydrmefrks mdhs`gj egc bnegjd `g bkeseh bkgc`s`kg `

ddgsèh sk snd vèo`h`sp kf bkmmtg s`d egc rdktrbd

cdvdhkymdgs `g snd Gkrsn' Yrkv`c`gj yrdc`bs`vd `gfkrmes`kg

eokts snd zdesndr egc z`hch`fd ykythes`kg z`hh od `gbrde`gjhp

`mykrsegs sk Gkrsndrgdr e bkgc`s`kg bkgs`gtd sk n`fs frkm

n`skr`beh gkrm tgcdrm`g`gj srec`s`kgeh lgkzhdcjd'

5 bb & sbp y

5'3 ndehsnP egc tse`geohdBkMMtg`s`d

Rb`dgbd fkr znes;

_dbdgs egc kgjk`gj rdderbn ` nkz`gj snes cdy`sd ecvegbd

`g snd yrkv `kg kf mdc`beh drv`bd( snd ndehsn sest kf snd

Begecèg gkrsndrg ykythes`kg rdme`g `jg`begshp zkrd

sneg snd ges`kgeh evdrejd' @s ` `mykrsegs sk gksd snes sndd

bnegjd `g ndehsn sest erd ehk `jg`begshp h`gldc sk( kr

effdbsdc op( snd cremes`b kbèh( bthstreh( dbkgkm`b egc

ykh`s`beh bnegjd jk`gj kg `g megp rdj`kg ekbèsdc z`sn

yrkbdd kf mkcdrg`sp'

Snd Ndehsn egc Zdhh-od`gj kf Gkrsndrg Bkmmtg`s d ` kgd

kf szk yr`kr`s`d fkr Begece yrkjrem fkr @YP egc e tbn

oedh`gd cese egc gdz rdderbn stc`d( tgùtd sk Begecèg

`gsdrds( erd dmdrj`gj egc fkrsnbkm`gj' Snd BNE_R

rdyrddgs eg kyykrstg`sp sk bkgs`gtd snd b`dgs`b dffkrs egc

ot`hc e beyeb`sp sk rdykgc sk snd trjdgs gddc sk tgcdrsegc

cdsdrm`gegs egc srdgc `g ndehsn egc zdhh od`gj `g megp

rdj`kg egc bkmmtg`s d tgcdrjk`gj fkrm kf rey`c bnegjd'


31/41


Znes b`dgbd;


yksdgsèh ftstrd kyykrstg`s`d fkr Begece sk cdh`vdr kg snd

Bkmmtg`sp Ndehsn egc Zdhh-od`gj yr`kr`sp1

Ntmeg egc Ytoh`b Ndehsn

Ndehsn egc c`ded trvd`hhegbd .`gbhtc`gj ndehsn

cdsdrm`gegs egc bknkrs stc`d kf bnrkg`b( ebtsd

egc gdz c`ded)

Dy`cdm`khkj`beh stc`d

Sdhdndehsn+Sdhdmdc`b`gd

Bkgsem`gegs

Yesnzep egc hkgj regjd sregykrs

Ntmeg d~yktrd egc vthgdreo`h`sp

Bkmmtg`s`d egc @gfresrtbstrd

Dgdrjp .`gbhtc`gj tgbkgvdgs`kgeh egc rdgdzeohd)

Zesdr

Zesd

Nkt`gj

Fkkc yrkctbs`kg( nervds`gj egc dbtr`sp( `gbhtc`gj

eutebthstrd

Bkmmtg`bes`kg

Rkbèh dbkgkmp egc kb`k-dbkgkm`b cdvdhkymdgs


Ndehsn egc rdhesdc h`fd b`dgbd cdgs`dc e kgd kf Begece

R&S srdgjsn `gbhtc`gj snd meakr bkmykgdgs kf snd ndehsn

b`dgbd .d'j' begbdr rdderbn egc bkgsrkh< gdtrkb`dgbd V``kg kr snd Begecèg Erbs`b _dderbn @g`sès`vd1 Ed`gj snd Kyykrstg`s`d

Zkrlnky yers`b`yegs fdhs snes tbn b`dgbd ` h`ldhp sk rdths

`g e o`jjdr oegj fkr snd otbl' Begece ehk hdec snd zkrhc

kg `gbht`kg kf srec`s`kgeh lgkzhdcjd eokts ykher psdm `g

rdderbn egc nerdc sn` eyyrkebn `g ney`gj snd `gsdrges`kgeh

eyyrkebn sk @YP' Sndd l`gc kf dfb`dgb`d egc pgdrj`d

bkthc od yrkmksdc snrktjn bkkrc`ges`kg yrkv`cdc op snd

rdderbn ses`kg sk ot`hc e odssdr psdm fkr R&S `g snd Gkrsn'

Bkkrc`ges`kg ckd gks gdbder`hp mdeg bdgsreh`qes`kg( ots `s

ckd rdut`rd oksn c`rdbs( egc ebs`vd( megejdmdgs e zdhh e

`gc`rdbs tyykrs snrktjn snd brdes kg kf dgeoh`gj bkgc`s`kg

egc skkh' C`rdbs bkkrc`ges`kg beg od yrkv`cdc snrktjn

mdbneg`m tbn e b`dgbd yr`kr`s`d egc yheg( snrktjn

ftgc`gj( snrktjn drv`bd .d'j' `gfkrmes`kg megejdmdgs(

orkldr`gj kf eds tbn e n`y s`md( bkkrc`ges`kg kf h`bdg`gj

egc ydrm`ss`gj)( bkgfdrdgbd( zkrlnky( egc ebs`vd

megejdmdgs kf rdhes`kgn`y egc `gsdrebs`kg' @gc`rdbs

bkkrc`ges`kg beg od ebn`dvdc snrktjn snd yrkv``kg kf

bkhheokres`kg skkh egc yebd .oksn ynp`beh egc v`rsteh)( yrkadbs

rdj`sr`d( egc skkh egc yrkskbkh fkr cese megejdmdgs'

Snd Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg( op v`rstd kf od`gj e tgùtd

feb`h`sp( z`hh nevd yers`bther bkkrc`ges`kg rdut`rdmdgs'

Yrkbdctrd egc segcerc z`hh gddc sk od ds egc fkhhkzdc fkr

megp eydbs kf snd BNE_R kydres`kg' Herjd otcjds z`hh

gddc sk od ecm`g`sresdc' Hdjeh egc hèo`h`sp `td rdhesdc sk

zkrl`gj g e nern egc tgfkrj`v`gj dgv`rkgmdgs z`hh gddc sk od

megejdc' Ydrfkrmegbd z`hh gddc sk od mdetrdc' @gsdrges`kgeh

dgjejdmdgs z`hh od rdut`rdc' Snd gddc sk cdvdhky ykh`bp egc

megejdmdgs bkkrc`ges`kg fkr R&S bkgctbsdc es( kr z`sn sndtyykrs kf( snd ses`kg re`d snd kyykrstg`sp sk dvehtesd egc

srdemh`gd sndd fkr Begecèg Erbs`b R&S e e znkhd' E ges`kgeh

bkkrc`ges`kg ftgbs`kg es( kr ekbèsdc z`sn( snd ses`kg ze

rdbkmmdgcdc op zkrlnky yers`b`yegs'

Yers`b`yegs n`jnh`jnsdc( `g yers`bther( snd gddc fkr odssdr

megejdmdgs kf Erbs`b cese egc `gfkrmes`kg' Cese z`hh od e

ges`kgeh rdktrbd kf jrdes vehtd sk tdr erktgc snd zkrhc(

egc mts od megejdc `g eg kydg( s`mdhp egc ebbdòhd

meggdr' R`jg`begs dffkrs erd od`gj `gvdsdc `g `myrkv`gj

Erbs`b cese megejdmdgs snrktjn @YP sk dgtrd snes ehh cese

z`hh od yrkydrhp uteh`sp bkgsrkhhdc( erbn`vdc( megejdc egcmecd z`cdhp egc eyyrkyrèsdhp ebbdòhd fkr btrrdgs egc

ftstrd td' Kf yers`bther gksd ` snd rdbdgs dseoh`nmdgs kf snd

Ykher Cese Besehkjtd fkr mdsecese cdvdhkydc `g bkkrc`ges`kg

z`sn snd Erbs bGds Gdszkrl kf Bdgsrd kf D~bdhhdgbd egc snd

Begecèg Brpkyndr`b @gfkrmes`kg Gdszkrl' Snd ses`kg bkthc

etmd snd megshd kf snes hdecdrn`y'

@s ze eblgkzhdcjdc es snd zkrlnky snes sndrd z`hh gdvdr od

dgktjn rdktrbd sk tgcdrseld mkg`skr`gj egc b`dgbd

yrkjrem `g snd Gkrsn egehkjkt sk snkd `g snd Rktsn'

Nkzdvdr( srkgjdr bkkrc`ges`kg kf Erbs`b R&S bkthc ehhkz

hdkg hdergdc frkm snd ktsn egc snd gkrsn sk `gfkrm snd

cdvdhkymdgs kf eg `gsdjresdc psdm kf Erbs`b R&S snes

meld snd mks dffdbs`vd egc dfb`dgs td kf h`m`sdc rdktrbd

rdctb`gj ctyh`bes`kg egc bkmyds`s`kg' Mkg`skr`gj psdm(

fkr d~emyhd( bkthc od cd`jgdc sk hdvdrejd dfb`dgb`d oksn

bks egc b`dgs`b - kf bk-hkbes`kg( sk kys`m`qd beh`gj frkm

hkbeh snrktjn rdj`kgeh sk jhkoeh( egc sk dgtrd dffdbs`vd

rdyrddgses`kg kf snd Erbs`b c`vdr`sp' Snd tyfrkgs bks kf

bkkrc`ges`kg `g sdrm kf s`md( dgdrjp( egc mkgdp( bkthc

rdeh`qd fesdr egc mkrd rdhèohd Gkrsndrg R&S rdths egc

ebsteh ev`gj kf rdktrbd'

Rsrdgjsndg`gj snd td egc tyseld kf b`dgbd

Mkrd egc mkrd( b`dgbd egc sdbngkhkjp ` rdut`rdc sk `gfkrm

ehh meggdr kf ntmeg ebs`v`s`d1 cdb``kg mel`gj( dgv`rkgmdgsehedmdgs( rdjthes`kg( tse`geohd cdvdhkymdgs( beyeb`sp

ot`hc`gj( dbkgkm`b ecvegbd egc megejdmdgs' Nkzdvdr( snd

sregfdr kf b`dgs`b lgkzhdcjd sk eyyh`bes`kg ckd gks bkmd

z`snkts dffkrs' Snd rdhdvegbd kf b`dgbd egc sdbngkhkjp `

dgtrdc `g yers op snd ers`bthes kg kf R&S yr`kr`s`d egc snd

cdvdhkymdgs kf R&S yheg' Nkzdvdr( snd gddc sk eccrd egc

yheg fkr lgkzhdcjd td egc eyyh bes`kg frkm snd ktsds kf e

rdderbn yrkadbs ` `gbrde`gjhp rdbkjg`qdc egc ze ecvkbesdc

op yers`b`yegs es snd zkrlnky' Snd b`dgbd-ykh`bp `gsdrfebd

egc snd rdderbn-eyyh`bes`kg `gsdrfebd erd snd fkbt kf

bkg`cdreohd ebecdm`b dffkrs( egc dgjej`gj tdr `g snd cd`jg(

bkgctbs( egc eyyh`bes`kg kf R&S ` eg dmdrj`gj yrebs`bd sksrdgjsndg sndd `gsdrebs`kg' Begece ne e `jg`begs

ecvegsejd `s bkthc hdvdrejd `g yrkmks`gj sn` eyyrkebn

snrktjn `s d~ydr`dgbd `g bkmmtg`sp-oedc mkg`skr`gj egc

bk-megejdmdgs `g snd Gkrsn egc `g `g`sès`vd yers`b`yegs sk

snd zkrlnky sdrmdc bk-b`dgbd tbn e snd Gkrsndrg

Bkgsem`gegs Yrkjrem egc Begece yrkadbs tgcdr

@gsdrges`kgeh Ykher Pder'

Yers`b`yegs ehk srkgjhp ecvkbesdc `gbrdedc essdgs`kg sk

bkmmtg`bes`kg egc ktsrdebn' Sk od tdfth( R&S gddc sk od

tgcdrskkc egc tdc op ksndr b`dgs`s( op bkmmtg`s`d(

egc op cdb``kg meldr' Sk od ftgcdc egc tyykrsdc( R&Sgddc snd `gsdrds egc eyyrkveh kf snd jdgdreh ytoh`b' Sk crez

snd gd~s jdgdres kg kf b`dgs`s sk snd Gkrsn( snd kyykrstg s`d

egc mej`b kf Erbs`b R&S mts od bkgvdpdc sk snd pktsn kf

Begece' Jdss`gj sndd mdejd kts rdut`rd fkbtdc essdgs`kg

egc yers`bther l`hh ds' Snd Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg bkthc

bkgsròtsd sk snd tbbdfth sregfdr kf Erbs`b R&S op

feb`h`ses`gj bkmmtg`bes`kg egc ktsrdebn op b`dgs`s egc op

c`rdbshp orkldr`gj( sreghes`gj( egc c`dm`ges`gj snd R&S

bkgctbsdc es( kr z`sn snd tyykrs kf( snd ses`kg' J`vdg snd

n`jnhp ydbèh`qdc gestrd kf R&S bkmmtg`bes`kg egc


34/41


ktsrdebn( yers`b`yegs tjjdsdc snd cdvdhkymdgs kf cdc`besdc

beyeb`sp es snd rdderbn ses`kg sk tyykrs sn` ftgbs`kg resndr

sneg `myhp c`rdbs`gj b`dgs`s sk `myrkvd snd`r kzg

bkmmtg`bes`kg dffkrs'

Brdes`gj e Ydkyhd Ecvegsejd `g snd Gkrsn snrktjn

beyeb`sp ot`hc`gj

Snrktjnkts snd tyykrs`gj ckbtmdgses`kg fkr snd V``kg`gj

Zkrlnky( egc es snd Zkrlnky `sdhf( sndrd ze e bhder

dgtgb`es`kg kf snd odh`df snes e _dderbn Rses`kg `g Begece

Gkrsn mts od bhkdhp h`gldc sk Begece Gkrsndrg ydkyhd'

Gkrsndrgdr nevd `mykrsegs l`hh egc lgkzhdcjd snes erd

br`s`beh sk snd bkgctbs kf R&S `g snd Erbs`b' Sndp ehrdecp

yrkv`cd `mykrsegs hkj`s`beh beyeb`sp egc rdderbn tyykrs sk

b`dgs`s znk bkmd sk zkrl `g snd Gkrsn' Sndp lgkz snd hegc

egc nkz sk h`vd kg `s' Sndp lgkz snd n`skrp kf yhebd egcz`hch`fd' Sndp yrkv`cd eg `mykrsegs ydkyhd ecvegsejd sk

R&S `g snd Gkrsn snes bkthc od ftrsndr dgnegbdc snrktjn

yrkjrem egc kyykrstg`s`d es snd Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg'

Sndd bkthc `gbhtcd1

`myrkvdc R&S dctbes`kg egc sre`g`gj fkr Gkrsndrgdr(

dctbes`kg egc sre`g`gj op Gkrsndrgdr eokts srec`s`kgeh

lgkzhdcjd( zkrl`gj `g snd Gkrsn( efdsp egc dbtr`sp(

yers`b`yes`kg `g R&S snrktjn bkmmtg`sp-oedc mkg`skr`gj

egc dhc zkrl(

dgnegb`gj snd `gsdrfebd odszddg mkcdrg R&S egc

srec`s`kgeh lgkzhdcjd(

eyyhp`gj R&S `g cdb``kg mel`gj egc megejdmdgs(

snd brdes`kg kf dmyhkpmdgs egc `gctsrp sk tyykrs snd

R&S tgcdrseldg `g snd Gkrsn .d'j' sdbng`b`eg `g heo(

jt`cd( hkj`s`b egc `gfresrtbstrd yrkv``kg tbn e es snd

gdz @sseu Ndr`sejd egc _dderbn Bkmm`ssdd feb`h`sp es

Bhpcd _`vdr( egc V``kg`gj Zkrlnky `g Ksseze


39/41


F`ndr`d egc Kbdeg Begece .CFK)

Cdyersmdgs kf Ges`kgeh Cdfdgbd .CGC)

Dgv`rkgmdgs Begece .DB)

Ndehsn Begece( `gbhtc`gj snd Begecèg @gs`stsd kf

Ndehsn _dderbn

@gcèg egc Gkrsndrg Effe`r Begece .@GEB)

@gctsrp Begece ykrsfkh`k z`sn `gyts frkm snd Begecèg

Ryebd Ejdgbp( Ges`kgeh _dderbn Bktgb`h( Gestreh

Rb`dgbd egc Dgj`gddr`gj _dderbn Bktgb`h kf Begece(

Rkbèh Rb`dgbd egc Ntmeg`s`d _dderbn Bktgb`h kf

Begece egc Rses`s`b Begece

Gestreh _dktrbd Begece .G_Beg)

Yerl Begece .YB)

Ytoh`b Ndehsn Ejdgbp kf Begece .YNEB)

Sregykrs Begece egc @gfresrtbstrd Begece

e ?

Cdyersmdgs snes yrdyerdc bky`gj yeydr e `gyts sk snd pgsnd` yeydr op Cr' Cev`c N`l egc Cr' Merèggd

Cktjhe( Yhegg`gj fkr e Begecèg N`jn Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg1 E Rpgsnd` kf snd Erbs`b Rb`dgbd Gddc Rbky`gj

Yeydr Yrdyerdc op Fdcdreh Cdyersmdgs egc Ejdgb`d1

Yhegg`gj fkr e Begecèg N`jn Erbs`b _dderbn Rses`kg1 E Rpgsnd`

kf snd Erbs`b Rb`dgbd Gddc Rbky`gj Yeydr Yrdyerdc op FdcdrehCdyersmdgs egc Ejdgb`d yrdyerdc op Cr' Merèggd Cktjhe

egc Cr' Cev`c N`l es snd Tg`vdr`sp kf Ehodrse'

@cdgs`fp`gj Begece Jhkoeh Rb`dgbd Ecvegsejd `g Eccrd`gj snd

Jregc _dderbn Bnehhdgjd Feb`gj snd Begecèg Erbs`b yrdyerdc

op Cr' Hkt` Fkrs`dr egc Cr' Mers`g Fkrs`dr frkm snd

Erbs`bGds Gdszkrl kf Bdgsrd kf D~bdhhdgbd es snd

Tg`vdr sp kf Heveh'

@cdgs`fp`gj Begece Jhkoeh Rb`dgbd Ecvegsejd `g Eccrd`gj snd

Jregc Bnehhdgjd feb`gj snd Begecèg Erbs`b1 Eg @gt`s Ydrydbs`vd yrdyerdc op M' Rsdyneg`d Mdel`g egc Mr' Rbks G`bldh

kf snd @gt`s B`rbtmykher Bkgfdrdgbd egc snd @gt`s Sey`r``s

Legesem` rdydbs`vdhp'

Rstcp kf Hkj`s`b egc @gfresrtbstrd `g Rtyykrs kf Gkrsndrg

_dderbn Zkrl`gj Yeydryrdyerdc op snd Begecèg Ykher

Bkmm``kg e yers kf eg kgjk`gj edmdgs'

e 2

Bkgsd~s yeydr zn`bn drvdc e `gyts sk snd Mep 5?-52( ?99> V``kg`gj Zkrlnky1


40/41


e 3

V``kg`gj Zkrlnky Rb`dgbd Yr`kr`s`d Yhdgerp Rd`kg Mep 52( ?99>

Jrkty 5 Jrkty ? Jrkty 2 Jrkty 3 Jrkty 4

Dgeoh`gj bk-b`dgbdDctbes`kg egc

ktsrdebn

@gbrdedc b`dgs`fb

lgkzhdcjd k Erbs`b

ehh psdm

Tgcdrsegc

dgv`rkgmdgseh

ndr`sejd

Begec`eg Erbs`b

Dbkpsdm

Dgv`rkgmdgs

sdzercn`y

Ykher dgv`rkgmdgs egc

bh`mesd seo`h`sp

Erbs`b kbdeg

Eceys`gj sk `myebs

k bh`mesd bnegjd

N`jn hes`stcd bh`mesd

yrkbdd

.bh`mesd bnegjd e

brk-btss`gj sndmd)

Bh`mesd bnegjd ddbs

egc `myh`bes`kg kg

Erbs`b

Ykher dgv`rkgmdgs egc

bh`mesd seo`h`sp

Fksdr tse`geohd

rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs

_dykg`ohd rdktrbd

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rdktrbd cdvdhkymdgs


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vision for the canadian arctic research initiative: assessing the opportunities

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