virus and bacteria - north palos school district …...virus & bacteria 0212 27 3. small rounded...

Draguesku/Storino Virus & Bacteria 0212

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Name: _________________ Period:____________

VIRUS AND BACTERIA


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VIRUSES 10 in the text for reference

So how large is a cell?

Characteristics

Tiny (smaller than cells)

Non living ????

Multiply or replicate (copy)

Does NOT reproduce!

Replicates inside a HOST

PARASITE because it Destroys the

host!


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Structure of Viruses

1. Bacteriophage

MEANS TO EAT

This virus “eats” (INFECTS)

Bacteria

.


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2. Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Infects plants

3. Influenza virus

Outer

membrane

proteins


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OF A VIRUS

PROTEIN COAT (CAPSID)

Functions for protection and

enables the virus to enter the

host cell

Inner core of genetic material

(DNA OR RNA)


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Virus proteins fit into only CERTAIN

membrane (cell) proteins

This is called LOCK AND KEY THEORY

Example: a cold virus infects

cells in the respiratory system

and not the digestive system

http://video.pbs.org/video/1487943618/ 1918 flu

AKA INFECTION

VIRAL MULTIPLICATION

Viruses DO NOT reproduce!! They only

multiply

http://video.pbs.org/video/1487943618/


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Both types use HOST CELLS

Host cells:

Cells that provide a source of energy for a virus

types of viral infection (multiplication)

LYTIC

(ACTIVE)

KEY WORD:

QUICK

LYSOGENIC

(HIDDEN)

KEY WORD:

INCORPORATES GENETIC MATERIAL...

SLOWER


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1. LYTIC CYCLE (ACTIVE INFECTION)

(www.PHSchool.com web code cep-1021)

Follows this sequence:

1.Attachment, 2.injection,

3.production, 4.assembly, 5. release

http://www.phschool.com/


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YTIC

INFECTION

LYTIC INFECTION CYCLE


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2. LYSOGENIC CYCLE (HIDDEN INFECTION)

Follows this sequence:

1.Attach, 2.inject, 3.absorbs/incorporates,

4.separation, 5.production/assembly, 6.release


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Virus is INACTIVE

Separation occurs due

to a “trigger”

VIRUS IS NOW ACTIVE!

Notice where the

virus’s genetic material

is!!! **IMPORTANT**


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RELEASE OF

NEW VIRUSES!

***VIRUSES MULTIPLY AND REPLICATE

THEY DO NOT REPRODUCE!!!***


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1. Example of LYSOGENIC Virus: Cold

sores, HIV/AIDS,

Lysogenic Infection cycle


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Direct Contact with contaminated

objects

Bites of infected animals

example: rabies

Airborn (tiny

droplets)

Contact with body

fluids

Example: Aids & Hepetitis

Viruses and Disease


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NO TREATMENT for most viruses

The only “treatment” is REST,

EATING BALANCED DIET, AND DRINK

FLUIDS to help with symptoms

Some Anti-viral medication now.

Ex: Tamiflu

Vaccines

Good nutrition, exercise and SLEEP!

Hand washing


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. PROKARYOTE

NO DEFINED

NUCLEUS

Genetic material (DNA) is a

tangled mass (no nuclear

membrane!)

Has cell wall

Has cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Pili (for attachment)

Flagella (or Flagellum)

For movement or locomotion

BACTERIA CELL


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If no flagellum then movement occurs

by being carried from place to place.

Bacteria can be carried by

–Air

-H2O

-Animals or objects


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Shape (both individual and groups)

Size

Mode of nutrition

Respiration

1. Round

(spherical)

Called:COCCUS

(Cocci)--plural

Causes: Strep throat


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(Streptococcus)

2. Rod

Called: BACILLUS

(Bacilli)—plural

3. Spiral

Called: Spirillum (can be loose or tight

corkscrew shape)

4. Group shape

PAIRS= prefix “Diplo” (2)

2 coccus together =Diplococci


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2 round

2 bacillus together= Diplobacilli

2 rods

CHAINS= prefix “Strepto”

Chains of cocci = Streptococci

Chains of bacilli= Streptobacilli

CLUSTERS= Prefix “Staphlo”

(like grapes)

Only in cocci

Example: Staphlococci


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Staphlococcus aureus

2.

3. 0.5 to 1 micrometer

4. Micrometer = 1/millionth of a meter

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Autotrophs

Some use the sun

Some use Chemical Energy from


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their environment

Some release O2 into the

atmosphere

Ex: cyanobacteria

Heterotrophs

Consume other organisms

Consume the food that other

organisms make

Example: milk, meat, & yogurt

AEROBES

These organisms NEED O2 to

break down food


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ANAEROBES

These organisms do NOT need O2

to break down food

These bacteria DIE if O2 is

present

Reproduction

Asexual

Binary Fission

Sexual

Conjugation

Reproduction of Bacteria


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Under the right conditions

(temperature, and plenty of food)

bacteria THRIVE and reproduce Population doubles every 20

minutes!

1.

BINARY FISSION

One parent; Offspring identical

Cell duplicates genetic

material and then divides

into 2 separate daughter

cells

Binary fission


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2.

CONJUGATION

Two parents; results in NEW

COMBINATION of genetic

material

One bacterium

TRANSFERS genetic

material to another

bacterium using a

THREAD LIKE BRIDGE

Does NOT

increase the number of

bacteria Bacterial conjugation


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3.

Small rounded thick walled

resting cell that forms inside

a bacterial cell

Occurs when conditions are

not optimal (good)

Allows bacteria to Survive

heat, freezing, and drying

Endospores can be carried

by the wind to allow for

spreading of bacteria

Bacterial endospores


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1. Cyanobacteria (Earth’s atmosphere)

2.

Yogurt & cheese

Definiton:

Pasteurization: heating food to a temperature

high enough to kill bacteria but not harm food

USES FOR BACTERIA


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3.

Bacteria break down LARGE

chemicals in dead organisms into

SMALLER chemicals

o Composting

o Nitrogen fixing bacteria

(Remember the Nitrogen Cycle??)


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4.

Bacteria that eat oil etc.

5.

o Insulin

o Normally occurring bacteria in the

Body (E.coli etc.)

virus and bacteria - north palos school district …...virus & bacteria 0212 27 3. small rounded...

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