virtualization overview sig conferencezseriesoraclesig.org/2009presentations/14adoug_and... ·...

© 2009 IBM Corporation IBM System z

Virtualization Overview

SIG Conference

Washington Systems CenterGaithersburg, MD

© 2009 IBM Corporation2 Virtualization Overview – SIG Conference 04/01/09

The Americas – ATS/WSC

Notice to Government Employees and Representatives IBM Training and Education

IBM conducts marketing presentations, executive briefings, product exhibitions and demonstrations, seminars and other sessions to familiarize clients and potential clients with IBM solutions to information processing problems. In accordance with established IBM practices, these sessions are provided at no

charge.

Some government agencies permit acceptance of this training by employees; other agencies may not. You should ascertain whether your agency's standards of conduct regulations permit you to attend this IBM-

sponsored education or training session, as it is not IBM's intent or desire that you, your organization, or IBM violate any statutes or regulations.

Under IBM's established business practices, the fair market value for non-billable IBM education or training session is zero, as it is normally provided to commercial clients, government clients and potential clients on a

no-charge basis.

The offer of IBM training or education made in conjunction with this notice is void where prohibited by U.S. Federal, state or local government statute or regulation.

Notice to Government Employees and Representatives Food and Refreshments

At this IBM function, IBM is providing food and refreshments and considers this a normal business courtesy. Some U.S. Federal, state or local government agencies do not permit their employees to accept food or

refreshments from contractors doing business with them.

If your agency requires, or if you desire, you may pay the fair market value for the food and refreshments you consume.

A receipt will be provided upon request.



Trademarks and noticesThe following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States or other countries or both:

Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.Intel, Intel Inside (logos), MMX and Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.Red Hat is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc. SUSE® LINUX Professional 9.2 from Novell® Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.This information is for planning purposes only. The information herein is subject to change before the products described become generally

available.All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

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ƒz/OS7ƒz/VM7ƒzSeries7

Refer to www.ibm.com/legal/us for further legal information.



Agenda

● What is Virtualization?● How is Virtualization on IBM System z accomplished?● What Components make up zVM● Why use Virtual Servers on zVM?



How did Virtualization come about?

● Virtualization was born out of efforts by IBM a half century ago to study the characteristics of time-sharing systems so that hardware could be developed that effectively supported this type of operating system.

● A side goal of this effort was to build an efficient and effective time-sharing system.

● Out of this work came the concept of virtual machines.



What then is virtualization?

● Virtualization facilitates the sharing of a computer's physical resources among many unique servers

● The resources made available to any particular server are often referred to as a Virtual Machine

● These servers running on a Virtual Machine are typically called Guests.

● A Virtual Machine has all of the characteristics of a physical machine except one: it does not require dedicated hardware for its exclusive use.



IBM Virtualization technology evolution

19951988 20011981198019721960s

CP-67

S/360

VM/370

S/370™

VM/SP

N-way

VM/HPO

64 MB real

VM/XA

31-bit

VM/ESA

ESA

z/VM

64-bit

PerformanceScaleabilityRobustnessFlexibility

The virtual machine conceptis not new for IBM®...More than 35 Years of virtualization experience

Functional Enhancements*

* Investments in hardware, architecture, microcode, software



The Virtual Machine

“A virtual machine is the functional equivalent of a real machine on real hardware”

● Each virtual machine has virtual components. These components include

● Processors● Memory● I/O devices● Networks devices

● Storage, processors and I/O devices behave in the same way on a virtual machine as on a real machine

● Operating systems and their applications run in virtual machines as if they were running on the real hardware



Virtualization overview from a zVM Perspective

The virtual machine is functionally equivalent to a real one (zArchitecture)

It has its own Storage area (virtual)

Its own CPU’s (virtual) Accesses I/O’s devices

–Real (dedicated)–Virtual

Each virtual machine runs a guest OS

Guests are fully isolated from each other

Real hardware utilization is managed by “CP” (VM Hypervisor)

Storage

I/O

Channel subsystem

SwitchI/O

REAL HARDWARE

virtualisation technology

I/O

CPU CPU

CPU

I/O

user directoryVIRTUAL

MACHINES

Storage

I/O I/O

CPU

StorageI/O

CPU

CPU

CPU

CPU

I/OI/O

Storage

I/O I/O I/O

CPUCPUCPU

CP



IBM zVM utilizes a combination of software and hardware mechanisms to provide the Underlying Infrastructure Elements required by operating systems while insuring Full System Integrity. This includes:

● The ability to isolate and protect virtual machines from each other

●The ability to operate without interference or harm, intentional or not, from the guest virtual machines

●The inability of a virtual machine to circumvent system security features and access controls

How is IBM System z Virtualization accomplished?



For each user (virtual machine), an execution environment for that user exists

CPU1 CPU2 CPU3

SIE UserA SIE UserB SIE UserC

Virtualization – Provided Structural Elements



What are the major components of zVM

● Control Program CP : A hypervisor, which refers to a system that virtualizes the real hardware environment.

● This is what creates and manages the environment that each guest server runs in

● CMS: A Virtual Machine only operating system, supporting a personal productivity environment, development and installing and maintaining z/VM● This component is used to work with the system,

run applications, do development work, etc.● It provides the ability to run utilities, edit files etc.



z/VM CP and Guest OS's

VM/CP

CMS

CMS

z/OS

LINUX

VM

VSE

TPF

data

Communication

System PageSpool

Systemwork

mini disks

real devices

Guest OS's

virtual devices



Why use zVM Virtual Servers on z/VM? ● Consolidate servers with z/VM and Linux

● "Save $$" while improving qualities of service● More virtual CPs may be defined than in a base LPAR

environment● VM CP incurs low overhead (usually less than 3 % for a guest)

● Speed to Market● Deploy servers and solutions fast● Server Consolidation● React quickly to challenges and opportunities

● Build innovative e-business solutions with System z Linux● Technology Exploitation● Linux with z/VM offers more function than Linux alone● Linux can exploit unique z/VM technology features

© 2009 IBM CorporationVirtualization Overview – SIG Conference 04/01/09


Server Consolidation

Intel Sun HP Intel Sun eservereservereservereservereservereservereserver

Linux LinuxLinuxLinux


LinuxLinux

zVM ● Discrete servers consume

incremental expense● Hardware price and maintenance● Floor space, power, cooling● Additional support staff● Per server (engine) software fees● Connectivity requires kilometers of

cables● High availability ensured by spares /

re-boots● Disaster recovery rarely successfully

tested

● Reduce costs without sacrificing server autonomy (one server per application)

● Virtual, high-speed, inter-server connectivity

● Exploit an architecture designed for high availability

● Mainframe qualities of service● Proven disaster recovery services● Connect to discrete servers as

required

Traditional Server Farm Server Farm on one Box



Great fit for current Java Architecture

3-Tier Architecture

OS/390

Client Applications

Mid-Tier Application Servers

Data Servers

3-Tier Architectureon 2-Tiers of Hardware

Data Servers App Servers

z/OS z/VMz900

Client Applications

Data and Application Servers on a Single zSeries server

● Exploit CO-residency of application and data servers (improved performance, less complexity)

● Bring mainframe discipline to application servers

● No change to end-users



Scalability/ Flexibility with Linux on zVM



z/VM and Linux have a special relationship There are special features built into zVM specifically for Linux

z/VM version (V5) contains significant support for Linux virtual servers, including exploitation of zSeries and new System z machines Handshaking code

Performance data Paging Command execution zVM to Linux and visa-versa

Linux guests may be managed from or through zVM

z/VM can eliminate hardware device support issues.

z/VM enables a large number of Linux server images to run on a single System z machine and zSeries

Overhead cost of running virtual servers is very low where flexibility and resource sharing abilities are greatly enhanced



• Major improvements for large guests were introduced with zVM 5.2• zVM 5.3 scales better and more linearly that zVM 5.2• zVM 5.4 should be even better as more has been moved above the 2GB line

Overhead



Summary

Virtualization offers advantages in – Flexibility – Scalability– Cost savings for both hardware and personnel– Single point of management – Time savings for server creation– Sharing of resources



References

VM Web Site: http://www.vm.ibm.com

Publications on VM Web Site● http://www.vm.ibm.com/pubs/Follow the links to the latest z/VM library Of particular interest:

● z/VM CP Command and Utility Reference● z/VM CP Planning and Administration● z/VM CP Programming Services● z/VM Performance

● Other links● http://www.vm.ibm.com/virtualnetwork/● http://www.linuxvm.org/

© 2009 IBM Corporation IBM System z

Virtualization Overview

SIG Conference

Washington Systems CenterGaithersburg, MD

No speaker notes for this page.



Notice to Government Employees and Representatives IBM Training and Education

IBM conducts marketing presentations, executive briefings, product exhibitions and demonstrations, seminars and other sessions to familiarize clients and potential clients with IBM solutions to information processing problems. In accordance with established IBM practices, these sessions are provided at no

charge.

Some government agencies permit acceptance of this training by employees; other agencies may not. You should ascertain whether your agency's standards of conduct regulations permit you to attend this IBM-

sponsored education or training session, as it is not IBM's intent or desire that you, your organization, or IBM violate any statutes or regulations.

Under IBM's established business practices, the fair market value for non-billable IBM education or training session is zero, as it is normally provided to commercial clients, government clients and potential clients on a

no-charge basis.

The offer of IBM training or education made in conjunction with this notice is void where prohibited by U.S. Federal, state or local government statute or regulation.

Notice to Government Employees and Representatives Food and Refreshments

At this IBM function, IBM is providing food and refreshments and considers this a normal business courtesy. Some U.S. Federal, state or local government agencies do not permit their employees to accept food or

refreshments from contractors doing business with them.

If your agency requires, or if you desire, you may pay the fair market value for the food and refreshments you consume.

A receipt will be provided upon request.




Trademarks and noticesThe following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States or other countries or both:

Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both.Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.Intel, Intel Inside (logos), MMX and Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both.Red Hat is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc. SUSE® LINUX Professional 9.2 from Novell® Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.This information is for planning purposes only. The information herein is subject to change before the products described become generally

available.All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

ƒAIX7ƒAnyNet7ƒAS/4007ƒCandle7ƒCICS7ƒCICSPlex7ƒCICS/ESA7ƒDB27ƒDB2 ConnectTM

ƒDPI7ƒDRDA7ƒe business(logo)7ƒESCON7ƒeServerTM

ƒECKDTM

ƒFFSTTM

ƒGDDM7ƒGDPS7ƒHiperSocketsTM

ƒIBM7ƒInfoprint7ƒIMSTM

ƒIP PrintWayTM

ƒiSeriesTM

ƒLanguage Environment7ƒMQSeries7ƒMVSTM

ƒMVS/ESATM

ƒNetView7ƒOS/27ƒOS/3907ƒParallel Sysplex7

ƒPrintWayTM

ƒPR/SMTM

ƒpSeries7ƒRACF7ƒRedbooksTM

ƒRedbooks (logo)TM

ƒS/3907ƒSystem/3907ƒSystem z9TM

ƒThinkPad7ƒTivoli7ƒTivoli (logo)7ƒVM/ESA7ƒVSE/ESATM

ƒVTAM7ƒWebSphere7

ƒxSeries7ƒz/ArchitectureTM

ƒz/OS7ƒz/VM7ƒzSeries7

Refer to www.ibm.com/legal/us for further legal information.




Agenda

● What is Virtualization?● How is Virtualization on IBM System z accomplished?● What Components make up zVM● Why use Virtual Servers on zVM?




How did Virtualization come about?

● Virtualization was born out of efforts by IBM a half century ago to study the characteristics of time-sharing systems so that hardware could be developed that effectively supported this type of operating system.

● A side goal of this effort was to build an efficient and effective time-sharing system.

● Out of this work came the concept of virtual machines.

When discussing VM the word virtualization is almost always used. The concept of being virtual means “almost the same as”. Another way to view this in the light of VM as hardware that can be seen (or used) that may or not actually exist.



What then is virtualization?

● Virtualization facilitates the sharing of a computer's physical resources among many unique servers

● The resources made available to any particular server are often referred to as a Virtual Machine

● These servers running on a Virtual Machine are typically called Guests.

● A Virtual Machine has all of the characteristics of a physical machine except one: it does not require dedicated hardware for its exclusive use.

From an IBM perspective, virtualization means VM. The concept of being virtual means “almost the same as”. Another way to view this in the light of VM as hardware that can be seen (or used) that may or not actually exist. The reason the term unique servers was used is that the servers need to have anything in common other than the fact that they can run on the machine architecture. They may run the same or different operating systems.



IBM Virtualization technology evolution

19951988 20011981198019721960s

CP-67

S/360

VM/370

S/370™

VM/SP

N-way

VM/HPO

64 MB real

VM/XA

31-bit

VM/ESA

ESA

z/VM

64-bit

PerformanceScaleabilityRobustnessFlexibility

The virtual machine conceptis not new for IBM®...More than 35 Years of virtualization experience

Functional Enhancements*

* Investments in hardware, architecture, microcode, software

VM has existed for many years. It was originally created as a development tool in the days before multiprocessing and long before LPARs. Like IBM's other flagship operating system (MVS, S390,zOS) VM evolved as IBM hardware evolved. With the advent of the LPAR (logical partition), which is really VM in firmware, VM started to fade from the data processing scene. When Linux moved into the marketplace and IBM launched Linux to run on the S390 and above servers, VM gained a new life because it's capabilities were a perfect fit in the world of Linux.



The Virtual Machine

“A virtual machine is the functional equivalent of a real machine on real hardware”

● Each virtual machine has virtual components. These components include

● Processors● Memory● I/O devices● Networks devices

● Storage, processors and I/O devices behave in the same way on a virtual machine as on a real machine

● Operating systems and their applications run in virtual machines as if they were running on the real hardware

The virtual machine is “real hardware” to the guest operating system it is supporting. In the case of IBM's zVM, z/VM uses real resources and the z/Architecture virtualization capabilities to simulate virtual systems (also known as guests). z/VM allows users to run multiple copies and different types of zArchitecture and earlier Operating Systems (31-bit and 64-bit) on the same mainframe system



Virtualization overview from a zVM Perspective

The virtual machine is functionally equivalent to a real one (zArchitecture)

It has its own Storage area (virtual)

Its own CPU’s (virtual) Accesses I/O’s devices

–Real (dedicated)–Virtual

Each virtual machine runs a guest OS

Guests are fully isolated from each other

Real hardware utilization is managed by “CP” (VM Hypervisor)

Storage

I/O

Channel subsystem

SwitchI/O

REAL HARDWARE

virtualisation technology

I/O

CPU CPU

CPU

I/O

user directoryVIRTUAL

MACHINES

Storage

I/O I/O

CPU

StorageI/O

CPU

CPU

CPU

CPU

I/OI/O

Storage

I/O I/O I/O

CPUCPUCPU

CP

The above diagram illustrates how VM functions. The real hardware is managed by the “Control Program” and portioned out to the various guests. However, it does not end here. With VM, guests can actually use hardware that does not actually exist, but is simulated in software by CP.



IBM zVM utilizes a combination of software and hardware mechanisms to provide the Underlying Infrastructure Elements required by operating systems while insuring Full System Integrity. This includes:

● The ability to isolate and protect virtual machines from each other

●The ability to operate without interference or harm, intentional or not, from the guest virtual machines

●The inability of a virtual machine to circumvent system security features and access controls

How is IBM System z Virtualization accomplished?

No speaker note for this page



For each user (virtual machine), an execution environment for that user exists

CPU1 CPU2 CPU3

SIE UserA SIE UserB SIE UserC

Virtualization – Provided Structural Elements

The above figure details how Interpretive Execution functions in VM. VM CP maintains a picture of what the hardware environment looks like for each running guest (virtual machine). This environment is somewhat dynamic, but the initial details for each virtual machine are kept in a directory location. This will be discussed later.



What are the major components of zVM

● Control Program CP : A hypervisor, which refers to a system that virtualizes the real hardware environment.

● This is what creates and manages the environment that each guest server runs in

● CMS: A Virtual Machine only operating system, supporting a personal productivity environment, development and installing and maintaining z/VM● This component is used to work with the system,

run applications, do development work, etc.● It provides the ability to run utilities, edit files etc.

● IBM zVM Objective

● Provide virtualization of IBM System z (and earlier) servers through software techniques and hardware specific capabilities

● Run on the System z servers: IBM System z and IBM eServer zSeries

● Exploit the z/Architecture, created by IBM



z/VM CP and Guest OS's

VM/CP

CMS

CMS

z/OS

LINUX

VM

VSE

TPF

data

Communication

System PageSpool

Systemwork

mini disks

real devices

Guest OS's

virtual devices

The above diagram shows the basic flow of how the guest operating systems fit with VM CP using available and/or virtual hardware.



Why use zVM Virtual Servers on z/VM? ● Consolidate servers with z/VM and Linux

● "Save $$" while improving qualities of service● More virtual CPs may be defined than in a base LPAR

environment● VM CP incurs low overhead (usually less than 3 % for a guest)

● Speed to Market● Deploy servers and solutions fast● Server Consolidation● React quickly to challenges and opportunities

● Build innovative e-business solutions with System z Linux● Technology Exploitation● Linux with z/VM offers more function than Linux alone● Linux can exploit unique z/VM technology features

● zVM offers several enhancements specifically for customers who want to run Linux on IBM's large servers.



Server Consolidation

Intel Sun HP Intel Sun eservereservereservereservereservereservereserver



LinuxLinux

zVM ● Discrete servers consume

incremental expense● Hardware price and maintenance● Floor space, power, cooling● Additional support staff● Per server (engine) software fees● Connectivity requires kilometers of

cables● High availability ensured by spares /

re-boots● Disaster recovery rarely successfully

tested

● Reduce costs without sacrificing server autonomy (one server per application)

● Virtual, high-speed, inter-server connectivity

● Exploit an architecture designed for high availability

● Mainframe qualities of service● Proven disaster recovery services● Connect to discrete servers as

required

Traditional Server Farm Server Farm on one Box

Handle unexpected workload growth by adding Linux virtual machines quickly, easily, efficiently

Dynamically create Linux images for hot stand-by



Great fit for current Java Architecture

3-Tier Architecture

OS/390

Client Applications

Mid-Tier Application Servers

Data Servers

3-Tier Architectureon 2-Tiers of Hardware

Data Servers App Servers

z/OS z/VMz900

Client Applications

Data and Application Servers on a Single zSeries server

● Exploit CO-residency of application and data servers (improved performance, less complexity)

● Bring mainframe discipline to application servers

● No change to end-users

One of the big advantages of Linux on System z or zSeries is that tiers 2 and 3 of a three tier architecture can be run on a single hardware platform. Eliminating one hardware tier can not only reduce cost, it can improve performance and decrease complexity.



Scalability/ Flexibility with Linux on zVM

Grow your Linux workload vertically or horizontally Vertical: add processor capacity, memory, and I/O to your

virtual machinesHorizontal: add more Linux virtual machinesNew Hardware is typical way of growing UNIX workloadsSpread the application load across multiple Linux imagesUse z/VM technology to minimize resource duplicationUse VM's data-in-memory techniques for improved

performanceVirtual Disks in Storage (excellent swap device)Minidisk Cache (high-speed access to shared data)Transparently exploit zSeries hardware when running in a

virtual machineCache control units, e.g., Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy

(PPRC), FlashCopy, FICON channels, more....Maximize throughput of a multi-Linux environment by

exploiting z/VM's support for large n-way (SMP)



z/VM and Linux have a special relationship There are special features built into zVM specifically for Linux

z/VM version (V5) contains significant support for Linux virtual servers, including exploitation of zSeries and new System z machines Handshaking code

Performance data Paging Command execution zVM to Linux and visa-versa

Linux guests may be managed from or through zVM

z/VM can eliminate hardware device support issues.

z/VM enables a large number of Linux server images to run on a single System z machine and zSeries

Overhead cost of running virtual servers is very low where flexibility and resource sharing abilities are greatly enhanced




• Major improvements for large guests were introduced with zVM 5.2• zVM 5.3 scales better and more linearly that zVM 5.2• zVM 5.4 should be even better as more has been moved above the 2GB line

Overhead

Note: Memory over commitment creates more overhead due to increased paging, but the result is more linear in 5,3 and later. With large memory guests, zVM 5.3 scales very well and has almost no overhead up to five guests. When a sixth and seventh guest are added, the overhead increases, but in a relatively linear fashion. Assuming resource availability and the virtual machine mix, zVM can run hundreds of guests.



Summary

Virtualization offers advantages in – Flexibility – Scalability– Cost savings for both hardware and personnel– Single point of management – Time savings for server creation– Sharing of resources




References

VM Web Site: http://www.vm.ibm.com

Publications on VM Web Site● http://www.vm.ibm.com/pubs/Follow the links to the latest z/VM library Of particular interest:

● z/VM CP Command and Utility Reference● z/VM CP Planning and Administration● z/VM CP Programming Services● z/VM Performance

● Other links● http://www.vm.ibm.com/virtualnetwork/● http://www.linuxvm.org/


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