virtual reality technology and convergence€¦ · virtual reality technology and convergence nba...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Virtual RealityTechnology and Convergence
NBA 6120February 14, 2018
Donald P. GreenbergLecture 7
![Page 2: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Virtual Reality
• A term used to describe a digitally-generated environment which can simulate the perception of PRESENCE.
• Note that within the context of this course, I refer to VR as containing 3D data as contrasted to just creating a digital copy of information obtained from a film or digital camera, such as a photograph or a texture.
![Page 3: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Requirements for “PRESENCE”
• Understanding the Human Visual System
• Improving the Device Characteristics and System Performance
• Social Acceptance
![Page 4: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Virtual Reality
• A person immersed within this virtual world can manipulate objects, interact with the environment, and explore the virtual world in the same perceptual way as one interacts with the physical world.
![Page 5: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why is VR different than other modes of watching images and video?
![Page 6: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human in the Loop
• Abstract Interpretation
• Viewing a Picture on Television
• Cinema Viewing
• Presence
![Page 7: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Social & Economic Requirements for Mass Acceptance of VR/AR
• Large enough investments for R & D & manufacture
• Cheap enough for mass market
• Social acceptance of 3G (Geeks, Games, and Goggles)
![Page 12: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why did Facebook invest $2 billion in Oculus Rift?
![Page 13: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Facebook Buys Oculus Rift
![Page 14: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why is Microsoft building its Hololens?
![Page 15: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Microsoft’s Hololens
![Page 16: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Microsoft’s Hololens 3/30/16
![Page 17: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Why is Google (and Andreessen / Horwitz) investing $500+ million in Magic Leap?
![Page 18: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Magic Leap 2015
![Page 19: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ivan Sutherland’s HMD 1968
![Page 21: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Head-mounted Displays 1990s
Henry Fuchs, University of North Carolina
![Page 22: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2 2014
![Page 23: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Oculus Rift 2016
![Page 24: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Google Contact Lenses
![Page 25: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Microsoft’s Hololens
![Page 26: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Magic Leap Displays Rony Abovitz
2016
![Page 27: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
HTC and Valve’s SteamVR Vive 2016
![Page 28: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Google’s Cardboard 2014
![Page 29: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Google Cardboard 2014
![Page 30: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pokemon Go 2016
![Page 31: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
“Crossing the Chasm”
![Page 32: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Will Virtual Reality work this time?
![Page 33: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Virtual Reality
• Virtual Reality is not new
• The amount of financing which has been made available
• Costs have been sufficiently lowered to bring to the masses
![Page 34: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Technical Requirements for VR/AR Satisfactory Delivery
• Display resolution similar to the human visual system
• Display quality similar to human visual system (illumination, color, etc.)
• Sufficient display rates for motion perception
• Rendering speeds to satisfy display rate requirements
• Sufficient wireless bandwidth for data
![Page 35: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
How Do Virtual Reality Goggles Work Today?
![Page 36: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Distorted Images
![Page 37: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Jean-Francois Niceron. Thaumaturgus opticus…(Rome, 1646), illus. 25.
The projection of a screen or grid in anamorphic perspective makes the transfer of a representation possible.
Fred Leeman. “Hidden Images,” 1975, Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg,
![Page 38: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Erhard Schon. Picture puzzle: Out, You Old Fool c. 1535. Fred Leeman. Hidden Images, 1975, Harry N. Abrams.
Fred Leeman. “Hidden Images,” 1975, Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg,
![Page 39: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hans Holbein The Ambassadors
Google Art Project: http://www.googleartproject.com/museums/nationalgallery/the-ambassadors
![Page 40: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Opera Lighting Siggraph 1991
Dorsey, Sillion and Greenberg
![Page 41: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Opera Lighting Siggraph 1991
Dorsey, Sillion and Greenberg
![Page 42: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Opera Lighting Siggraph 1991
Dorsey, Sillion and Greenberg
![Page 43: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Opera Lighting Siggraph 1991
Dorsey, Sillion and Greenberg
![Page 44: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Opera Lighting Siggraph 1991
Dorsey, Sillion and Greenberg
![Page 45: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
http://www.wltc.org/Documents/TruckArt.htm
Truck Art
![Page 46: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Julian Beever Chalk Drawings
![Page 47: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Julian Beever Chalk Drawings
![Page 48: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2
![Page 49: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Flat 1080P AMOLED Display
Accelerometers and logic board
Lenses
Oculus Rift Components
![Page 50: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2
![Page 51: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2 Angular Rotation
![Page 52: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Distortion Strategy
![Page 53: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2 Distortion Strategy
![Page 54: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2 Distorted Image
![Page 55: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Oculus Rift DK2 Distorted Image
![Page 56: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
What is necessary to perceive depth?
![Page 57: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Depth Perception from 2-D Images
• Monoscopic
• Stereoscopic
![Page 58: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Paris Street, Rainy Day 1877 Caillebotte
![Page 59: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Human Depth Perception
Depth Perception
Oculomotor
Binocular
Convergence
Monocular
Accommodation
Visual
Binocular
Stereopsis
Monocular
Static Cues
PerspectiveFamiliarity,
Relative Size
Motion, Position Occlusion Texture
GradientShading, Shadows, Highlights
Atmospheric Blur
Motion Parallax
![Page 60: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 61: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 62: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 63: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 64: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 65: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 66: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 67: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues
• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
![Page 68: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Monoscopic Depth Cues• Perspective
• Depth from Motion, Relative Size, Position, Familiarity
• Occlusion
• Texture Gradient
• Parallax from Motion
• Shading, Shadows and Specular Highlights
• Atmospheric Blur
• AccommodationNote change in lens shape
![Page 69: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Accommodation
• This is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
![Page 70: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Accommodation
The reflex can be controlled but cannot be ‘felt’Accommodation amplitude declines with age
![Page 71: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Human Depth Perception
Depth Perception
Oculomotor
Binocular
Convergence
Monocular
Accommodation
Visual
Binocular
Stereopsis
Monocular
Static Cues
PerspectiveFamiliarity,
Relative Size
Motion, Position Occlusion Texture
GradientShading, Shadows, Highlights
Atmospheric Blur
Motion Parallax
![Page 73: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Stereoscopic Vision: Behind The Screen (Concave)
L RL
R
Screen / Image Plane
Apparent Image Depth
![Page 74: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Stereoscopic Vision: In Front Of The Screen (Convex)
L RL
R
Screen / Image Plane
Apparent Image Depth
![Page 75: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Stereoscopic Vision: At The Screen
L RL
R
Screen / Image Plane
Apparent Image Depth
![Page 76: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Vergence
• The simultaneous movement of the pupils of the eyes toward or away from one another during focusing.
• This measure of the convergence or divergence of a pair of light rays is defined as vergence.
![Page 77: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Diagram of Vergence
![Page 78: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Vergence Accommodation Conflict
• Computer and projection displays present images on a single surface but have a focal distance (blur on the retina) which may be in front of or behind the screen
• The inability to fuse the binocular stimuli causes discomfort and fatigue to the viewer
• Viewers can be trained, and the discomfort can diminish with practice
David M. Hoffman, Ahna R. Girschick, Kurt Akeley, Martin S. Banks. “Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue, Journal of Vision, vol. 8, no. 3, article 33, March 28, 2008.
![Page 79: Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence€¦ · Virtual Reality Technology and Convergence NBA 6120 February 14, 2018. Donald P. Greenberg. Lecture 7](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050406/5f836c5ef9607d06984df0cc/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
End