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Professor Saifur RahmanVirginia Tech Advanced Research InstituteElectrical & Computer Engg Department

Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland, NZ, 15 December 2016

FROM SMART BUILDINGS TO A SMART CITYTHE ROLE OF THE SMART GRID

2www.saifurrahman.org

Virginia Tech Research CenterArlington, Virginia, USA

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PPT slides will be available at

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Rooftop Solar Photovoltaics

Electric Vehicle Charging

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Implementing smart building solutions can provide:

• up to 30% savings of water usage

• up to 40% savings of energy usage

• reduce building maintenance costs by 10-30 percent

Smart BuildingsA smart building connects the building automation system with building operations, such as HVAC, lighting, water supply, sensor network and fire emergency.

Source: Smart Building Market To Grow 30% by 2020, http://www.iotsolutionprovider.com/smart-building/smart-building-market-to-grow-30-by-2020, December 2015.

Smart Buildings & IoT Evolution

Building Control••HVAC control••Lighting control

Building Automation••Building

management••Building control

Building Performance••Energy

management••Remote

monitoring••Remote control

Smart Building••Intelligent

buildings••Green buildings••Grid integration

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020<

InternetofThing(IoT)ConnectedDevices

50billions6.92billions0.2billions

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Source: Internet of Things Philippines Inc., http://www.iotphils.com/solutions/smart-cities/#prettyPhoto, December 2015.

Smart cities address urban challenges such as pollution, energy efficiency, security, parking, traffic, transportation, and others by utilizing advanced technologies in data gathering and communications interconnectivity via the Internet.

Smart Cities

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From Smart Buildings to Smart Cities

Smart City

Energy

Smart Grid

Smart Buildings

Smart grid: Bi-directional flows of energy, remote control/automation of power, integrated distributed energy…

Smart city: Complex system of interconnected infrastructures and services…

Smart buildings: Intelligent building automation systems, smart devices, productive users, grid integration…Supported by ICT and distributed networks

of intelligent sensors, data centers/clouds

Energy: Smart electric power grids, smart gas networks, smart water systems…

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Intelligent LoadDemand or price-driven control of appliances

SensorsDetect outages, fluctuations, and disturbances

Distributed Arch.Local monitoring and control

Distribution NetworkInterconnected micro grids

Smart Inverters and StorageMinimize voltage and power fluctuations

Control Room FunctionsBalance electricity supply/demand across the grid

Bulk PowerPlant

Wind Power Park

Intelligent Interconnected Grid

© Saifur Rahman

Microgrid

Power PlantTransmission

DistributionHome

BusinessEnd-use

Appliances

Starting and End Points of a Smart Grid

FromGeneratortoRefrigerator

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• Work with existing buildings

• Work with existing controllers/sensors as much as possible

• End-user operation without dedicated building automation staff

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Need to Provide a Low-cost BAS

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Improvesenergyefficiencyandfacilitatesdemandresponseimplementationinbuildings.

Virginia Tech (VT) Solution for Low-cost BASBEMOSSisaBuildingEnergyManagementOpenSourceSoftware(BEMOSS)solutionthatisengineeredtoimprovesensingandcontrolofequipmentinsmall- andmedium-sizedcommercialbuildings.

Threemajorloadsinbuildings• HVAC• Lightingloads• Plugloads

BEMOSSmonitoringandcontrol:

BEMOSS value:

BEMOSSwww.bemoss.org

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BEMOSS InteroperabilityCommunicationTechnologies

q Ethernet(IEEE802.3)q SerialInterface(RS-485)q ZigBee(IEEE802.15.4)qWiFi(IEEE802.11)

DataExchangeProtocolsq BACnet(IPandMS/TP)qModbus(RTUandTCP)qWeb(e.g.,XML,JSON,RSS/Atom)q ZigBeeAPIq SmartEnergy(SE)q OpenADR (OpenAutomatedDemandResponse)

RS-485

Smart Energy Profile (SEP)

WEB

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BEMOSS Plug & Play

BEMOSSautomaticallydiscoversnewloadcontrollersdeployedinabuildingSensors/

PowerMeters

Plug Load Controllers

Lighting Load Controllers

CT30 (WiFi)

CT50 (WiFi)

CT80 (ZigBee

SE)

ICM(WiFi)

RTU (Modbus)

VAV controller (Modbus)

Nest(WiFi)

Philips Hue(WiFi)

Light switch(WiFi)

Step-dimmed ballast

(ZigBee)Lighting

load controller(BACnet)

Smart plug(WiFi)

Smart plug(ZigBee)

Plug load controller(BACnet)

Power meter

(BACnet/Modbus)

Power meter(Modbus)

Occupancy sensor

(BACnet)

Light sensor(BACnet)

WithBEMOSSdiscoveryagent,weknow:• Thedeviceispresentinthebuilding.• Devicemodelnumber,e.g.,3M-50.• Whatthedevicecando,e.g., monitortemperatureandadjustsetpoint.

HVAC Load

Controllers

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BEMOSS Core

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BEMOSS: Solutions for Small Buildings

ZigBeemesh

PlugLoadControllers

ZigBeemesh

LightingLoadControllers

HVAC Controllers

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BEMOSS Core

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BEMOSS Scalability: Solutions for Larger Buildings

BEMOSSZone1

BEMOSSZone2

Floor 1

Floor 2

BEMOSSCore

…

…

…

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• Integration of machine learning algorithms to get better understanding of power consumption in buildings

• Integration of algorithms to manage a large amount of data collected from load controllers/sensors

• Integration of algorithms to allow management of multiple buildings in a transaction-based energy network

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Campus Applications of BEMOSS

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• Sensors/Actuators and IoT devices with cloud access are remotely accessible by BEMOSS servers

• All software is served and maintained from the BEMOSS provider premises

• Better security

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BEMOSS Applications in the Cloud

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Building1– VirginiaTechArchitectureBuilding

• Location:Alexandria,VA• Demonstration:HVAC,plugloadcontrol

Building2– EquipmentBureau

• Location:Arlington,VA• Demonstration:Lightingcontrol

Building3– VirginiaTechbuilding

• Location:Blacksburg,VA• Demonstration:HVACcontrol

• Location:CampSprings,MD• Demonstration:HVACcontrol

Building4– PGCountybuilding

BEMOSS Deployment in Four Buildings

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Building 1 – VT Building in Alexandria, VA

Area: 25,000SFEnergy: 14-25MWh/mo.Peakload:61kW

1021PrinceSt.,Alexandria,VA22314

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Internal BEMOSS Deployment

BEMOSScore

Plugloadcontroller

Environmentalsensor(CO2,noise,temperature,humidity)

Motionsensor

Thermostat

Powermeter

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UI For all Devices in BEMOSS

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HVAC Devices on BEMOSS

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Battery Storage Monitoring in BEMOSS

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2701STaylorSt,Arlington,VA22206

Officebuildingsize:5,000sqftElectricityconsumption:N/A

Building 2 – Office Building, Arlington, VA

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Internal BEMOSS Deployment

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Energy Consumption for February 2016

Location of Lights

Scheduled Dimming Level from 6:30 AM to

9:00 PM

Total Measured Energy

Consumption for

February 2016*(kWh)

Total Calculated Energy

Consumptionwithout

Dimming for February 2016*

(kWh)

Energy Saving

by dimming for

February 2016*(%)

Open Office Area

Open Office Area A: 50Open Office Area B: 45

150.81 244.33 38.28

Bureau Chief’s Office

Desk Area: 60Meeting Area: 50 17.39 27.17 35.97

Conference Rooms A & B

Conference Room A: 50Conference Room B: 45

14.96 26.99 44.55

Total 183.16 298.49 38.64* Data reflects some missing dates in February 2016

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Building 3 – Commercial Office Space in Blacksburg, VA

460TurnerSt,Blacksburg,VA26041

Retailedbuilding:~50,000sqftPeakdemand:~160kWElectricityconsumption:46-65MWh/month

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BEMOSS Hardware Deployment

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PG County Dept of Family ServicesCampSprings,MD20748

Area: 45,000SF

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BEMOSS Deployment

2powermeters(BACnet)

13thermostats(WiFi)2BEMOSSnodes

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Solar PV System in BEMOSS Platform

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Remote PV Data Access with BEMOSS

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PV Inverter Data Access from BEMOSS

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5 kW 12 kWh

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Battery Cells

Battery Storage Project at Virginia Tech in Alexandria, VA

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Battery Storage Interconnection

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Battery Storage Data Access from BEMOSS

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Diverse and multi-vendor sensors/actuators and IoTdevices can be accessed from a single platform

An Open Architecture Platform

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Transitioning from a Research Project to

a Commercial Enterprise

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www.bemcontrols.com

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www.bemcontrols.com

Professor Saifur RahmanVirginia Tech Advanced Research InstituteVirginia, USA(www.saifurrahman.org)

Thank You