virginia as apush review. chesapeake colony 1607 “success” jamestown (better than roanoke) john...
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Virginia as APUSH Review
Chesapeake colony
1607 “success” Jamestown (better than Roanoke)
John Smith and others, harsh rule to surviveJoint stock company, private business ventureCharter protects Englishmen’s rightsIndians treated like Irish
Tobacco, not gold
Tobacco crazeJohn RolfeDispersed settlement pattern slows dev of
townsIndentured servants, high mortality rate,
class system preservedGender imbalance (1619 whole boat of
women)Slavery, especially after Bacon’s Reb
Conflicts with (Catholic) Maryland – colonies are not coordinated effort
Settlement south into North CarolinaChurch strong – Anglican church established,
supported by taxesChurch weak – frontier, colonies unattractive
to Euro (William and Mary 1693 for Anglican ministers)
Dependent on exports
aristocracy
Headright systemHouse of BurgessesPlantationsCopy English fashion, architecture, buy artControl society in rural colony (few cities and
towns)Accustomed to dominating social, religious,
econ lifeProvide valuable leadership to Am Revolution
Start Fr & Indi War
Land hunger for farming Ohio ValleyLand speculation
Suffers in Pontiac’s RebellionSuffers post-war recession
Great Awakening
In Virginia, c. 1750sWars, frontier expansion, immigration,
Enlightenment ideas need for stronger church presence
Anglican Church already supported by taxes, but too few ministers (scarcity leads to William and Mary 1693)
Questioned slavery, wasteful ways of living
Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions 1765
Also called Virginia ResolvesLoyal subjectsFull rights of English in England, including
no unreasonable taxNo taxation w/o representation, so refuse to
recognize any taxation except laid by Virginia
Revolutionary state constitutions
1776 first state to adopt republican constitution
Weak executiveSeparation of powersDeclaration of rights
American Revolution
Lost slaves to British promises of freedomIssue of compensation plagues relations after
AmRev
Virginia Plan
big states control Congress and Presidency
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
States’ rights; theory -- Constitution ratified by states
Guard against Federalists, esp. Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalists at time control all three branches of gov; what is minority to do to protect itself?
3/5 rule
South had 40% of white pop in 1790In 1800 extra electoral votes gave Jefferson
victory over Adams
Gabriel’s Rebellion 1800
Virginia Dynasty – Wash, Jeff, Mad, Monr
Nat Turner 1831
Outgunned, outnumbered, outorganizedBecomes bogeymanNot joined by everyone – fear, family
Leads to Virginia debate over slavery 1831-32
Abolitionism alive after RevolutionMountain people against slavery (class
differences)3700 freed slaves go to Liberia
Upper South state
Slavery still importantSell slaves to west, further southSocial system revolved around race Fourth largest wheat producing state 1850s
Deep South making more money, population shift
Sectionalism, conflict
Harpers Ferry armoryWatchful for northerners entering state, even
peacefullyEdmund Ruffin goes to South Carolina to fire
first short of Civil WarVirginia only joins Confederacy after Fort
SumterWest Virginia breaks away
Tredegar Ironworks in Richmond
Reconstruction gov’t
Dominated by freedmen, scalaways, carpetbaggers
Tax reformFree public education for first timeFreedmen’s Bureau used Confederate properties
to provide buildings for schools; Northern white female teachers
FB fed, employed, was only protection in many cases
1870 Redeemers gained control, Reconstruction in VA effectively ends
Civil War
89% of eligible men served in Confed army (155,000)
32,000 for NorthCorrelation between slaveowning and
enlistment for South
Voted John Bell, Constitutional Union Party 1860
Votes for Democratic President 1876-1948 except for 1928 (Hoover)
Then Republican 1952-2004 except for 1964 (LBJ)
Prohibition starts in 1916Easier to maintain political machine if blacks
disenfranchised (no vote, no serve on jury)
Booker T. Washington – accommodationist Economic worth to gain social equality
Civil Rights
Some Virginia public schools closed for entire 1958-59 school year rather than integrate
Freedom Rides 1961 from D.C., through Virginia, etc. to Louisiana – forced JFK to act