viral carcinogenesis
TRANSCRIPT
Viral Viral CarcinogenesisCarcinogenesis
Solehah JeffreySolehah Jeffrey
06101080610108
Viruses Viruses infective Viruses infective Viruses
cancer cancer CancersCancers infectious??infectious??
OutlineOutline
1.1. OverviewOverview
2.2. HTLV-1 -Human T cell Leukemia HTLV-1 -Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Virus Type 1
3.3. HPV-Human PapillomavirusHPV-Human Papillomavirus
4.4. EBV- Epstein-Barr virusEBV- Epstein-Barr virus
5.5. KSHV/HHV-8 –Kaposi sarcoma KSHV/HHV-8 –Kaposi sarcoma Herpesvirus/ Human Herpes Virus-8 Herpesvirus/ Human Herpes Virus-8
6.6. HBV – Hepatitis B VirusHBV – Hepatitis B Virus
OverviewOverview
Additional factors Additional factors neededneeded
Peyton RousPeyton Rous
Viruses are responsible Viruses are responsible
for 12.83% of human cancers.for 12.83% of human cancers.
ONCOGENIC VIRUSESONCOGENIC VIRUSES
DNA oncogenic virusesDNA oncogenic viruses2.2. HPV- Cervical cancer (5.3%)HPV- Cervical cancer (5.3%)3.3. EBV- Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin EBV- Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin
Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal ca., and B-Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal ca., and B-cell Lymphoma (1.0%)cell Lymphoma (1.0%)
4.4. KSHV – Kaposi Sarcoma(1.5%)KSHV – Kaposi Sarcoma(1.5%)5.5. HBV – Liver cancer (5.0%)HBV – Liver cancer (5.0%)
RNA oncogenic virusesRNA oncogenic viruses1.1. HTLV-1 - Leukemia (0.03%) HTLV-1 - Leukemia (0.03%)
0.03 (Leukemia) 0.03 (Leukemia) +5.3 (Cervical cancer)+5.3 (Cervical cancer) +1.0 (Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin +1.0 (Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin
Lymphoma, Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal ca., and Nasopharyngeal ca., and B-cell B-cell Lymphoma )Lymphoma )
+1.5 (Kaposi Sarcoma)+1.5 (Kaposi Sarcoma) +5.0 (Liver cancer)+5.0 (Liver cancer) =12.83% (total percentage of cancer =12.83% (total percentage of cancer
caused by caused by viral agent)viral agent)
HTLV-1 (Human T cell HTLV-1 (Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1)Leukemia Virus Type 1)
Transmission Transmission Blood productsBlood products Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Sexual contactSexual contact
Adult cell leukemia/ Adult cell leukemia/ lymphoma develops lymphoma develops in only 1% of in only 1% of infected individuals infected individuals
HTLV-I is endemic in HTLV-I is endemic in The CaribbeanThe Caribbean JapanJapan South AmericaSouth America parts of Africaparts of Africa
Strong tropism Strong tropism for T-cellsfor T-cells
HTLV-1 (Human T cell HTLV-1 (Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1)Leukemia Virus Type 1)
Region called Region called pXpX
TAX proteinTAX protein
IL-2IL-2
IL-2 receptorIL-2 receptor
GM-CSFGM-CSF
HPV (Human HPV (Human Papillomavirus)Papillomavirus)
Genital warts with low malignant potential : HPV 6 and 11Genital warts with low malignant potential : HPV 6 and 11
Over 60 genetically distinct typesOver 60 genetically distinct types
Benign warts : Type 1, 2,4, 7Benign warts : Type 1, 2,4, 7
HPV 16 : 64% of cervical HPV 16 : 64% of cervical cancercancer
HPV 18: 8% of cervical cancerHPV 18: 8% of cervical cancer HPV 16 + HPV 18 = 72% of HPV 16 + HPV 18 = 72% of
cervical cancer cervical cancer 55ThTh most frequent most frequent
cancer in womencancer in women
Risk factor:Risk factor: SmokingSmoking Immune Immune
suppressionsuppression X-ray radiationX-ray radiation
HPV (Human HPV (Human Papillomavirus)Papillomavirus)
HPVHPV E6E6
binds to Rb binds to Rb proteinprotein
inactivates inactivates p53 tumor p53 tumor suppressor suppressor genesgenes
Degrade BAXDegrade BAX
E7E7
induce cellular DNA synthesis induce cellular DNA synthesis Progression to S-phaseProgression to S-phase
release of E2F release of E2F transcription transcription factorfactor
EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)
African form of African form of Burkitt lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma (Malaria)(Malaria)
B-cell lymphomas B-cell lymphomas (Immune deficiency)(Immune deficiency)
Nasopharyngeal Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Salted carcinoma (Salted fish) fish)
Hodgkin lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma (Unknown)(Unknown)
90% of adults infected90% of adults infected
Establish a lifelong latencyEstablish a lifelong latency
EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) EBVEBV LMP-1LMP-1
prevents apoptosis prevents apoptosis by activating BCL-2by activating BCL-2
B-cell immortalizationB-cell immortalization
B-cell proliferationB-cell proliferation
KSHV(Kaposi sarcoma KSHV(Kaposi sarcoma Herpesvirus) Herpesvirus)
or HHV-8 (Human Herpes or HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus-8)Virus-8)
Cancer of Cancer of lymphatic lymphatic endothelium endothelium
Kaposi Kaposi sarcoma sarcoma tumortumor Spindle cellsSpindle cells Highly Highly
vascular-vascular-abnormal abnormal dense and dense and irregular irregular blood vesselsblood vessels
Leak RBC Leak RBC into into surrounding surrounding tissuetissue
Kept under Kept under immunological control immunological control and only presents a and only presents a problem during problem during immunosuppression. immunosuppression.
Risk factors: Risk factors: HIV infectionHIV infection
KSHV(Kaposi KSHV(Kaposi sarcomaHerpesvirus) sarcomaHerpesvirus)
or HHV-8 (Human Herpes or HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus-8)Virus-8)
HBV (Hepatitis B virus)HBV (Hepatitis B virus)
Risk factorsRisk factors smokingsmoking superinfection superinfection
with Hepatitis D with Hepatitis D virusvirus
aflatoxin Baflatoxin B
Far east, south east Far east, south east Asia, and AfricaAsia, and Africa
400 million 400 million infected worldwideinfected worldwide
HBV (Hepatitis B virus)HBV (Hepatitis B virus)
HBV HBV
Produce a viral Produce a viral protein called HBxprotein called HBx
Directs inactivation Directs inactivation of p53of p53
Inhibition of apoptosis
Cell immortalization
ConclusioConclusion…n…
Thank You Thank You !!!!
ReferencesReferencesKumar, Cotran, Robbins (2003): Basic Kumar, Cotran, Robbins (2003): Basic
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(2002): A practical guide to clinical (2002): A practical guide to clinical virologyvirology
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oncologyoncologyGross, L (1983): Oncogenic virusesGross, L (1983): Oncogenic viruseswww.wikipedia.org/wiki/www.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Humant_papillomavirus Humant_papillomavirus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hpv.hhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hpv.htmltmlwww.rdoc.org.ukwww.rdoc.org.ukhttp://www.cdc.govhttp://www.cdc.govhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_intrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasiaepithelial_neoplasiahttp://adv.webmd.com/event.nghttp://adv.webmd.com/event.nghttp://www.emedicine.com/http://www.emedicine.com/http://www.thehpvtest.com/over-30/real-http://www.thehpvtest.com/over-30/real-
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