vinnova - swedish governmental agency for innovation systems lena gustasson
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EU Research and Innovation Strategies: Lessons for Thailand and Emerging Economies 25-26 April 2007 Bangkok Choosing national research priorities in Sweden. VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems Lena Gustasson Deputy Director General. R&D as part of GDP. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EU Research and Innovation Strategies: EU Research and Innovation Strategies: Lessons for Thailand and Emerging EconomiesLessons for Thailand and Emerging Economies
25-26 April 2007 Bangkok
Choosing national research Choosing national research priorities in Swedenpriorities in Sweden
VINNOVA - Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems
Lena GustassonDeputy Director General
R&D as part of GDP
Statistics – SCB, Sweden
Choosing national research Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:priorities in Sweden:
How are research priorities How are research priorities selected (selected (specific characteristics at national, specific characteristics at national,
regional, local levelsregional, local levels)?)? What factors are taken into What factors are taken into
account?account? How are these research How are these research
priorities managed in practice?priorities managed in practice?
R&D expenditure in relation to GDP
0,0% 0,5% 1,0% 1,5% 2,0% 2,5% 3,0% 3,5% 4,0% 4,5% 5,0%
Israel (2002)
Sweden
Finland
Japan
Korea
United States (2003)
Switzerland
Germany (2002)
Denmark
France (2002)
Belgium
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Canada (2002)
Norway
New Zealand
Ireland
Universities & collegesGovernment organisations
Business sector
Source: OECD MSTI, 2004
Per cent of GDP
How does the How does the Swedish R&D Swedish R&D system look?system look?
Swedish National Innovation System CharacteristicsCharacteristics:
• The big international companies dominates the R&D-The big international companies dominates the R&D-systemsystem
• The economy is strongly internationally linkedThe economy is strongly internationally linked
• SME invest very little in R&DSME invest very little in R&D
• Universities dominates the public R&D-system and they Universities dominates the public R&D-system and they have a third task, to cooperate with companies and society have a third task, to cooperate with companies and society
• Small sector of Research-institutesSmall sector of Research-institutes
• Government invests very little R&D-money in companies Government invests very little R&D-money in companies outside the military sector outside the military sector
How are research priorities selected?How are research priorities selected?– who are involved in the process?
• At the national level the Swedish government is organized within the Government Office - a politically controlled entity. Sweden is currently organized according to 13 ministries13 ministries that influence the influence the directiondirection of the Swedish research and innovation policy. All ministries support research activities in their sector of responsibility= POLICYFORMING MINISTRIES POLICYFORMING MINISTRIES
• The Swedish institutional system is characterised by relatively small ministries. This implies that functions held by ministries This implies that functions held by ministries in other countries fall under the responsibility of in other countries fall under the responsibility of government government agenciesagencies in Sweden in Sweden= IMPLEMENTING AGENICIES IMPLEMENTING AGENICIES
Major public actors in Swedish research and innovation policy formulation 2006 – NATIONAL NATIONAL
LEVEL!LEVEL!
InstitutesUniversities
Civil mission oriented R&D agencies (VINNOVA, STEM, SNSB)
Defence oriented R&D agencies
Venture capital bodies ( The Innovation Bridge & The Industrial Fund
Research councils (VR, FAS, FORMAS)
Business development agencies (NUTEK & ALMI)
Policy Intelligence (ITPS, GPC, RPC)
FDI promotion (ISA)
Municipalities and County councils (R&D)*
The Government
Semi Public R&D Foundations
R&D financing
R&D performers
General policy
Business development & financing
Selected Groups of National Key Actors
Policy intelligence (Budget: MSEK 75 )
ITPS = The Institute for Growth Policy Studies
IPC = Globalization Policy Council
RPC = Research Policy Council
Research Councils (Budget: MSEK 3 634)
VR = The Swedish Research Council
FAS = The Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research
FORMAS = Swedish Research Council for Environment etc.
Defence oriented agencies (Budget:
MSEK 4 183)
Civ mission ori. R&D agencies (Budget: MSEK 2 716)
VINNOVA = The Swedish Gov. Agency for Innovation Systems
STEM = The Swedish Energy Agency
SNSB = The Swedish National Space Board
Universities (Budget: MSEK 10 794)
Institutes (Budget: MSEK 339)
Business Development Agencies (Budget: MSEK 2 200)
NUTEK = The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
ALMI = ALMI Business Partner
FDI promotion (Budget: MSEK 101)
ISA = Invest in Sweden Agency
Venture capital bodies (Budget: MSEK 700)
The Innovation Bridge
The Industrial Fund
Municipalities & County councils (R&D) (Estimated Budget: MSEK 7 000)
Semi Public R&D Foundations (Budget: MSEK 1678)
Based on data from Statistics Sweden and the agencies. Modified by P.Sandgren,VINNOVA, 2006
= R&D financing
Two policy councils for innovation governance:
The Research policy council (RPC) and the Globalization policy council (GPC): RPC was established in 1962 and plays a
significant role in the preparation of the R&D bill every fourth year.
GPC on the other hand is a brand new
constellation with a competitiveness focus.
Research councils – Sector Agencies – Foundations Research councils – Sector Agencies – Foundations
R&D – R&I Performers R&D – R&I Performers
Major R&D flows in the Swedish system 2003 (MSEK)
Swedish financers
Performing sectorsStatistics Sweden, 2005. Modified by P.Sandgren VINNOVA, 2006.
Business financing
63
Public financing
24
PNP Org. financing
2
Business Sector
72
Universities21
Gov. Agencies3
Financing from Abroad7
A heavy concentration to
business and universitites
Large Large companies companies dominates dominates
R&DR&D
R&D in Swedish industry 2003 by product field
Källa: SCB
A few industries (A few industries (no more no more than 20 companies perform than 20 companies perform nearly 70% of total business nearly 70% of total business R&D in SwedenR&D in Sweden) dominates ) dominates R&D and thereby their focus R&D and thereby their focus
influences R&D influences R&D
– – but it is not that simple!but it is not that simple!
Actual priority process for Swedish research and innovation policy, 2007
POLICYAGENDA
Politicans
Clerks at the ministries
Media
Influ
enci
ng b
y w
orki
ng a
s gat
ekee
pers
an
d by
rai
sing
aw
aren
ess t
hrou
ghsp
ecta
cula
r ne
wse
vent
s
Influencing by network activities, direct communication and tacit agreements among the policy entrepreneurs and the policy makers
Entrepreneurs
The Research Community
Influencing by providing indicators strengthening or weakening the importance of particular policy issues
Agencies
Industrial Groups
EU
Other Stakeholders
Venture Capitalists
EC Commission, Trend Chart - Annual Innovation Policy Trends and Appraisal Report. P.Sandgren, VINNOVA, 2006
Research priorities in the latest national research
bill for Sweden, 2005
Research
Graduate Schools
International CompetitiveResearch Environments
Prioritized research areas:•Life Sciences
•Engineering
•Sustainable Development
Market
Improved possibilities for the Universities
to work with commercialization
Improved transfer of knowledge between the universities, the industrial institutes and the
business community
Improved supply of seed financing
Source: Prop 2004/2005:80, p.147
Note: The figure has been slightly modified by Patrik Sandgren, VINNOVA, 2005
= National Innovation Strategy= National Innovation Strategy
= Policy Framework for R&I Policy= Policy Framework for R&I Policy
MC2 - Chalmers
NanotechnologySystems Biology
CARS Microscopy
Sweden has and is focussing on
hightechnology
Major public R&D-funding organizations in Sweden and their budgets 2006
Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and
Communications
Research Council for EnvironmentSpatial Planning and Agricultural Sciences (FORMAS)60 M€
2 % of 2 % of Gov.Gov.
Ministry of the Environ-ment
Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems
VINNOVA150 M€
5 % of 5 % of Gov.Gov.
Other civilian agencies390 M€
14 % of 14 % of Gov.Gov.
Swedish Energy Agency (STEM)85 M€
3 % of 3 % of Gov.Gov.
Research Council for Working Life and Social Sciences(FAS)30 M€
1 % of 1 % of Gov.Gov.
Ministry of
Health and
Social Affairs
Swedish Research Council(Vetenskaps-rådet)300 M€
10 % of 10 % of Gov.Gov.
Ministry of Education
and Research
Swedish National Space Board55 M€
2 % of 2 % of Gov.Gov.
VINNOVA, Division for Strategy Development, 2007
Gross Domestic Product: 2826 GSEK (304 G€) Government R&D-funding: 0.94% of GDP = 26,4 GSEK (2,8 G€)
Mainly curiosity driven/
free researchMainly needs-driven/
mission oriented research
Universities1160 M€
41 % of 41 % of Gov.Gov.
Public resear
ch found.
165 M€
6 % of 6 % of Gov.Gov.
Defence agencies445 M€
16 % of 16 % of Gov.Gov.
Ministry of
Defence
The Research and Innovation cycle:
Research: Money transformation toKnowledge & Competence
Innovation: Knowledge & Competence
transformation to Money
Developing innovation systeminnovation system is to make above efficient, i.e. to make investment in R&D profitable. Identify bottlenecks and possibilities.
Choosing national research priorities in Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:Sweden:
What factors are taken into account? What factors are taken into account? - Sustainable growth of the country in a globalSustainable growth of the country in a global perspective (innovation and growth)!perspective (innovation and growth)!
- The scientist’s individual driving force to The scientist’s individual driving force to solve scientific questions (scientific curiosity)!solve scientific questions (scientific curiosity)!
Curiosity drivenBasic research
(Bohr)
Eg. VINNOVA - Mission orientied –
-40%Needs-driven
Basic research(Pasteur)
Applied not Scientifically basic research
(Edison)
YesNo
Yes
No
GoalEconomic or social
use
GoalScientific progress
Curiosity driven and needs-driven research
Eg. VR – Curiosity
driven - 60%
There is a clear trend for There is a clear trend for national R&D programmes national R&D programmes
to focus on a number of to focus on a number of STRONG R&I STRONG R&I
ENVIRONMENTS!ENVIRONMENTS!
1) Financial support - in 1) Financial support - in competition – from competition – from
different R&I financiers! different R&I financiers! - this results in selected - this results in selected
profiles!profiles!
2) In addition, R&D 2) In addition, R&D focuses are selected at focuses are selected at
different levels (ministries different levels (ministries etc.) – after etc.) – after
national/global etc. national/global etc. “analyses”!“analyses”!
Eg. medicineEg. medicine
Eg. woodEg. wood
Eg. Nano materialsEg. Nano materials
Eg. ICTEg. ICT
Eg. Biotech Eg. Biotech toolstools
Eg. Social scienceEg. Social science
Type of Centre and Type of Centre and financier:financier:
1) Different types of 1) Different types of R(&I) Excellence R(&I) Excellence
CentresCentres
2)2) Regional “WIN-Growth Regional “WIN-Growth CentresCentres
Experience and research Experience and research shows that shows that geographic geographic proximity and densityproximity and density brings competitive brings competitive advantages as regards advantages as regards collaboration, learning, collaboration, learning, access to competence access to competence in collaboration and in collaboration and business exploitation.business exploitation.
WIN-GROWTHWIN-GROWTH
Effective innovation systems
Triple Helix Interaction• Business• University• Government/Public Sector
Sustainable growth requires interaction between business, university and government/public sector
The interaction results in new products, services, and processes.
Ludvika
Falun
Uppsala
Fagersta
Hudiksvall
Sundsvall
Ljusdal
Söderhamn
Härjedalen
ÖstersundKramfors
Umeå
Örnsköldsvik
Vilhelmina
Gävle
Åre
Strömsund
Skövde
Jönköping
Borås
Lidköping
Ljungby
Kristianstad
Karlshamn
Kalmar
Karlskrona
Oskarshamn
Gotland
Västerås
Eskilstuna
Katrineholm
Nyköping
Stockholm
Köping
Örebro
Skellefteå
Norrköping
Växjö
Linköping
Västervik
Nässjö
Vimmerby
Luleå
Överkalix
Kalix
Övertorneå
Gällivare
Pajala
Storuman
Sorsele
Arjeplog
Jokkmokk
Kiruna
Värnamo
Tranås
Älmhult
Avesta
Bollnäs
Lycksele
Arvidsjaur
Mora
Vansbro
Malung
ROBOTICS VALLEY
VINNVVINNVÄXTÄXT ( (WIN-WIN-Growth) Growth) – – Implementing “Triple Helix” Implementing “Triple Helix” on the regional levelon the regional level
““Controlled” Controlled” developmentdevelopment
??
Källa: Göteborgs-Posten 2004-02-29
Universities/University colleges in Sweden
Nanoteknikföretag i Sverige
ObducatAimpointAir Liquide GasBiora
CamurusEpigressGenovisNanofreeze TechnologiesNemsNquipQumat TechnologiesQunanoTetra PakActive BiotechErysave
LL
LL
LL
LL
Celanese Emulsions
Pergo
Höganäs
Pilkongton Floatglas
CellectriconLayerlabNanofactory InstrumentsNanoxisPromimicSindreSmoltekQ-SenseGoceramMidorionNobel BiocareStormledVOLVO Technology
CC
CC
CCCC
Eka Chemicals
Uponor Innovation
Kvaerner Pulping
Roxtec
Material- och Ytbehandling
Bioteknik
Instrument och Utrustning
Elektronik
Saab Barracuda
MicromuscleThin Film ElectronicsAppliedsensorImpact CoatingsSaab
Li
ABB
Chromogenics SwedenGyrosNanologicaPiezomotor UppsalaVg ScientaÅmicAnderberg och Modéer AcceleratorBiacoreGammadata Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences
U
UU
S
Seco Tools
Sandvik
Astrazeneca
AcceleratorBactiguardMicronic Laser SystemsNanoradioNanosepNanospaceNm SpintronicsReplisaurus TechnologiesSilex MicrosystemsAkzo NobelAlphabetaAttanaBiosensor ApplicationsBiovitrumCarmedaEmerson Network Power Energy SystemsFlir SystemsInfineon TechnologiesLightlab SwedenMedivirMicromyNilsson Intelligence SystemsPfizerPondus InstrumentsSyntuneEricssonWallenius MarineXcounterZarlink Semiconductor
UK
K
L
L
Linköpings Universitet / Linköpings Tekniska HögskolaL
C
Li
U
S
K Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
Lunds Universitet / Lunds Tekniska Högskola
Chalmers Tekniska Högskola
Uppsala UniversitetStockholms Universitet
Grundad på forskningskompetens från:
Områden:Typ av företag:Kursiv text: Företag som
använder sig av nanoteknik
Fet text: Nanoteknikföretag
Nanotechnology - Companies
c
cc
““Spontaneous” Spontaneous” development?development?
Funding structure for Swedish universities
0 20 40 60 80 100
All universities
Royal Institute ofTechnology
Karolinska Institutet
Basic government funding for educationOther income for educationBasic government funding for research and PhD-studiesResearch councils and other government agenciesLocal and regional governmentsEUPublic and private foundationsSwedish and foreign firmsOther income
%
Source: Högskoleverket Årsrapport 2006
XX
XX
XX
Choosing national research priorities in Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:Sweden:
What factors are taken into account? What factors are taken into account?
- Quality– overall principle! Quality– overall principle! (research/competence) (research/competence) - RenewalRenewal- Collaborations – different Actors!Collaborations – different Actors!- Composition of Teams (female/male, age …., Composition of Teams (female/male, age …., international recruitment….)international recruitment….)- Geographic proximityGeographic proximity- Competence densityCompetence density- Equipment …….Equipment …….
Is Sweden at all Is Sweden at all seen???seen???
Above all – GLOBAL Above all – GLOBAL competition, competition,
challenge and challenge and possibilities!possibilities!
Regional, national, Regional, national, European, bilateral European, bilateral
collaborations!collaborations!
Choosing national research priorities in Choosing national research priorities in Sweden:Sweden:
How are research priorities selected (specific characteristics How are research priorities selected (specific characteristics at national, regional, local levels)?at national, regional, local levels)?
What factors are taken into account?What factors are taken into account? How are these research priorities managed in practice?How are these research priorities managed in practice?
I said something ….I said something ….
Evaluation:Evaluation:Before project start: Peer review …Before project start: Peer review …
During and after..:During and after..:-Evalutation (international…)Evalutation (international…)
- “ “Follow-research”Follow-research”-CAUSE FEED-BACK LOOPS!CAUSE FEED-BACK LOOPS!
Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!