DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC. ECONOMICS AND

EXTENSION

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

AKURE, ONDO STATE

AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

BY

VINCENT CHIBUEZE CHIMELUE

AEE/O8/2835

PLACE OF ATTACHMENT:

NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC EGBEDA LGA. ALAKIA IBADAN.OYOSTATE

ECONOMIC PLANNING/PURCHASES DEPARTMENT

PERIOD OF ATTACHMENT:

18th June, 2012 – 2nd November, 2012.

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IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF THE BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOG (B.TECH) DEGREE IN

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION

DECEMBER, 2012

Dedication

This report is dedicated to the glory of God, for his goodness and for his wonderful works to

us children of men. I also dedicate it to my families and other well wishers for their wonderful

love. May God bless you all (amen).

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Acknowledgement

My sincere and profound gratitude goes to almighty God, the author and finisher of my

faith who made the SIWES a reality.

I am grateful to my loving mother Mrs. Vincent Nkechi for her financial and moral

support and also for her assistance in getting the placement. I cannot but appreciate the other

members of my family for their king gestures towards me.

My unalloyed gratitude also goes to the entire staff of Nigerian breweries plc Ibadan.

Most especially the members of economic planning, finance, public relations and sales

departments For their moral support and for making my SIWES training period worthwhile.

Lastly, I want to appreciate all my departmental lecturers for what they have invested in

me, most especially Mr. Awolala for taking us through computerization and operations

research.

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Preface

This report serves as my personal experience during the students’ industrial work experience scheme programme at Nigerian breweries plc economic planning department Egbeda local government area Alakia Ibadan. This report can be of great help to students of agricultural economics and extension both in this FUTA and even outside the school who may wish to undertake their training in a similar establishment and to any general reader who is most likely to gain one two things from my experience.

The methodology of this report was based majorly on practical observation and active participation in most of these activities. However, I will not deny the fact that some of the details in this report were from the organizational framework and laid-down or documented texts within the organization.

The overall activities in the organization includes, production, sales, distribution, distillation, training, purchases, job creation, education etc. the company is highly responsible socially and economically.

The students’ industrial work experience scheme is a skill training programme designed to expose and prepare students for the industrial situation they are likely to meet after graduation. It is therefore to involve employers in the entire education process of preparing students for employment in industries. Therefore, this report gives details of all activities I undertook during my 5 months training at NBPLC Ibadan.

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SECTION ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Just as the saying goes,” don’t blame them if you don’t train them”, training is a very

essential part of every part of every life at every level. In order to improve the skills of

students and also to widen their knowledge base on their various fields of specialization, there

is the need to educate them outside their learning environment (universities or institutions).

This can simply be achieved through students’ industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)

which was established by the federal government of Nigeria in 1973.

The students’ industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is an integral part of some

degree and diploma programme in some instructions of higher learning in Nigeria. It is

designed to take place outside the school to expose the students to practical work experience

on their field of study during the period of the training.

The scheme is a technology manpower training programme set up as a part of the

federal government policy on education in Nigeria. It is organized by the industrial training

fund (ITF) in collaboration with tertiary institutions in the country. SIWES is an important pre

requisite for graduation of students during the five-year course period in the federal university

of technology, Akure (FUTA). The university being a technology oriented one places

emphasis on the practical aspect of the academic programme.

The motto of the university which is technology for self reliance is aimed at producing

graduates that are self reliant in their field of specialization. These graduates, the university

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hope will be job producers rather than job seekers to bring about systematic eradication of

unemployment in the country. It usually takes place in companies or establishments where

students are exposed to the industrial working situations they are likely going to meet after

graduation.

This programme was designed to provide students with the needed experience to cope

with work in the outside world.

1.2 NATURE AND DURATION OF SIWES.

The SIWES programme of the federal university of technology, Akure is meant for the

fourth year students in the second semester of their academic session. It is designed to provide

individual students for practical experience through the attachment to industrial establishment,

companies, research institutions, etc.

At the commencement of the SIWES programme, individual students are provided with

a logbook where daily activities are to be recorded. At the end of the attachment, the student is

required to submit the logbook together with a comprehensive report on training received for

the purpose of evaluation and documentation.

The FUTA SIWES programme is for a period of six (6) months within an academic

year.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objectives of the SIWES programme of the Federal University of Technology Akure are

as follows:

To enable students acquire industrial skills and experience needed as regards their

course of study

To equip the students with various work experiences which will enable them to cope

with future challenges they are likely to meet after graduation.

To train students about the methods of handling work equipments and how to

operate machineries that may not be available for them in the institution.

To enable students to apply the theoretical knowledge gained in school to real work

situations; thereby making it a real for them and also making up for the practical

knowledge which has not been given much attention to within the university

curriculum

To enlighten the students more about relationship skills, that is to broaden or widen

their relationship skills.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT

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The general objective of this report is to give a summary of the skills, knowledge and

experience I was privileged to gather at Nigerian breweries plc (Economic planning

department) throughout my five months of industrial training. I also write to offer useful

suggestions based on experience to both the programme centre and the university on ways of

improving the programme.

SECTION TWO

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2.1 ORIGIN, HISTORY AND GROWTH OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC

Nigerian Breweries Plc is the pioneer and largest brewing company in Nigeria. It was

incorporated in 1946. In June 1949, the company recorded a landmark when the first bottle of

STAR lager beer rolled off its Lagos Brewery bottling lines. This first brewery in Lagos has

undergone several optimization processes and as at today boasts of the most modern brew

house in the country.

In 1957, the company commissioned its second brewery in Aba.  Kaduna Brewery was

commissioned in 1963 while Ibadan Brewery came on stream in 1982.  In 1993, the company

acquired its fifth brewery in Enugu. In October 2003, a sixth brewery, sited at Ameke, in

Enugu State was commissioned and christened Ama Brewery.  Ama Brewery is today, the

biggest and most modern brewery in Nigeria.

Operations in the Old Enugu Brewery were however discontinued in 2004, while the

company acquired a malting Plant in Aba in 2008. 

In October 2011, Nigerian Breweries acquired majority equity interests in Sona

Systems Associates Business Management Limited, (Sona Systems) and Life Breweries

Limited from Heineken N.V. This followed Heineken’s acquisition of controlling interests

in five breweries in Nigeria from Sona Group in January 2011.

Sona Systems’ two breweries in Ota and Kaduna, and Life Breweries in Onitsha have

now become part of Nigerian Breweries Plc, together with the three brands: Goldberg lager,

Malta Gold and Life Continental lager.

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Thus, from the humble beginning in 1946, the Nigerian Breweries now has eight

operational breweries from which its high quality products are distributed to all parts of

Nigeria, in addition to the ultra modern malting plant in Aba and Kaduna.

2.2 PRODUCTS

Nigerian Breweries Plc has a rich portfolio of high quality brands. The brands include:

Star Lager Beer, the first in its portfolio launched in 1949

this was followed by Gulder lager beer in 1970;

Maltina, the nourishing malt drink, was introduced in 1976,

Legend Extra Stout in 1992.

Amstel Malta  was launched in 1994

Heineken lager Beer was relaunched into the Nigerian market in 1998.

Maltina Sip-it, packaged in Tetrapaks was launched in 2005

Fayrouz was launched in 2006.

In 2007, the company introduced Star, Heineken and Amstel Malta in Cans.

Life Continental lager became part of the family in October 2011

2.3 ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY.

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As a major brewing concern, the company encourages the establishment and growth of

infant businesses, ancillary partners, suppliers and contractors. Many of these organizations

and individuals depend largely on the company for their means of livelihood. These include

manufacturers of bottles, crown corks, labels, cartons, plastic crates and such service

providers as hotels/clubs, Distributors, Transporters, Event Managers, Advertising and

Marketing Communication Agencies etc.

2.4 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Nigerian Breweries Plc is a socially responsible corporate organization with a good

track record of corporate social initiatives in identified and strategic areas. The Company’s

Corporate Social Responsibility is driven by a vision to always “Win with Nigeria”. Over the

years, Nigerian Breweries Plc has been very active in supporting our national development

aspirations in line with our commitment to “Winning with Nigeria”.

We have continued to identify and respond to major challenges confronting our nation

through our huge corporate social investments especially in the areas of education, the

environment, water, youth empowerment, talent development and sports, amongst others.

The company in 1994 established an Education Trust Fund with a take-off grant of

N100 million to take more active part in the funding of educational and research activities in

institutions of higher learning, all in an effort to provide and encourage  academic excellence

in Nigeria. This is in addition to its secondary and university scholarship programmes for

children of its employees.

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Nigerian Breweries Plc is the foremost sponsor of sports in the country with

sponsorship covering football, athletics, tennis, cycling, chess, golf, squash, dart, Sailing and

Ayo, among others. The aim is to develop Nigerian sportsmen and women to participate in

national and international sports, and boost the sports profile of the country. Nigerian

breweries continued to play very active part in the development of sports in Nigeria. In 2010,

they sustained their sponsorship of various sporting activities across the country. These

include Golf, Lawn Tennis, Polo, Chess and squash.

The company is also involved in the development of leadership, musical and movie

talents, through various programmes. Some of these activities are captured in the company’s

Social and Environmental Report.

The company’s other social responsibilities include

Infrastructural development

Health development

Promotion of safety on Nigerian roads.

2.5 AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Nigerian Breweries Plc has won several awards as a mark of its good performance in

various spheres. The company has won the prestigious Nigerian Stock Exchange President’s

Merit award for several years. For three consecutive years (2001, 2002 and 2003) Nigerian

Breweries Plc won the Nigerian Stock Exchange Quoted Company of the year award. It has

also won the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) awards for its various products.

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Also for four years (1999, 2000, 2004 and 2005), the company won Gold in the keenly

contested Africa Beer Award organized by Heineken for its operating companies in Africa and

the Middle East.  In 2002, Nigerian Breweries Plc won the Heineken Business Challenge

Award (also known as the Heineken World Cup), a major competition organized for all

Heineken operating companies in the world.

In 2003, the company was declared Excise Trader of the year, an award given by the

Nigerian Customs Service for a company’s contribution to government treasury. In 2010,

Nigerian Breweries won the prestigious Pearl award for Sectoral Leadership in the Brewery

sector. In the same year, Star, Nigeria’s favorite lager and Maltina, the nation’s No 1 malt

drink, were awarded prizes for their innovative Television Commercials at the Lagos

Advertising Ideas Festival organized by the Association of Advertising Agencies of Nigeria,

AAAN.

These are in addition to several awards from philanthropic organizations, clubs,

institutions and government agencies.

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SECTION THREE

3.1 THE ECONOMIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT.

The economic planning department is the core or power house of any Nigerian

breweries plc nationwide. It is otherwise referred to as the purchases department or simply

called planning. This is that arm of the organization where majour decisions about issues of

economic significance to the company are discussed and trashed out. Issues that are taken care

of by the planning department include;

Sourcing of raw materials and other inputs

Purchasing of raw materials

Organization for improved productivity of inputs

Payment of bills incurred by the whole organization

Reduction of production cost by lessening cost of raw materials

Planning an organization of majour company activities (i.e. Parties, workshops,

seminars).

Awarding of contracts within the organization

Disposal of unused or out used materials or inputs within the company (i.e. Scrap

items)

Total efficiency/productivity maintenance of inputs

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Ensuring that the supply/production figures significantly measures up to the

production figures

Disposal of company wastes as at when due

Other ad hoc roles

3.2 SECTIONS WITHIN THE PLANNING DEPARTMENT INCLUDES;

Weighbridge section

Raw material/ general store

Silo/grain storage complex

Planning office

3.3 GROUPS WITHIN THE ECONOMIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT

These groups are meant for achieving strategic goals. They include;

Cost optimization team (COT)

Production distribution and sales team (PSD)

Total productivity maintenance group (TPM)

General audit unit

Operations research team (ORT).

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3.4 ORGANOGRAM OF THE ECONOMIC PLANNING

DEPARTMENT

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3.5 WEIGHBRIDGE SECTION:

This section is headed/ controlled/ managed by the weighbridge clerk (Mr. Dele

Ilugbaro). He is directly accountable to the planning manager (Mr. Macaulay Okezie.)

operations in this section are not so numerous. This section oversees the weighing of inputs

that comes into the organization (e.g. grains chemicals etc.) and outgoing materials from the

organization likewise (scrap items). These items are weighed for basically three purposes

1. Payment

2. Documentation

3. Auditing

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3.6 RAW MATERIAL STORE:

This is also referred to as general store. It is being supervised by the general store keeper

(Mr. Ojo Alaba). This section is very important to the organization because it handles vital

aspect of production as warehousing of majour company inputs. Materials kept by the general

store includes

Production chemicals

Paper for printing and photocopy

Stationary items

Provisional items like tea, coffee, milk, sugar etc.

Safety items like rubber boots, gloves etc

Preservatives e.g. Phostoxin

Production items like crown corks, labels, empty cans etc.

Activities carried out in the raw material store includes

o Filling of documents (i.e. store issue vouchers)

o Preparation of gate passes for entry of trucks

o Report writing (i.e. critical items report , store house report)

o Stock counting of store items

o Delivery of items to production quarters

o Receipts of items

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o Store house cleaning and sanitation

o Endorsement of documents (SIVs)

o Sending of mails (E-mails)

The store house is also closely monitored and supervised by the planning manager. The idea

of the general store is such a lucrative one as materials are gotten more easily than when they

are being procured when needed. More over the company saves more by buying in bulk than

buying in units as the later is quite wasteful and extravagant for a big company like Nigerian

breweries.

3.7 FARM SILO/ GRAIN STORAGE COMPLEX.

The farm silo complex is controlled /headed by the farm silo supervisor (Mr. Femi

Salami). It is an undisputable fact that the major raw material in every brewing company is

the grains. The silo complex is therefore the most important part of the whole brewing

company. A silo is a place where grains are stored and preserved. Malted barley is the main

grain used in brewing along with some adjuncts which increases yield such as malted

sorghum and raw or white sorghum. The silo complex consists of the silos where grains are

stored, the control room which has the control panel for all the silo operations, the

equipment room where all instrument are stored and the transistor room. The operations in

the silo are:

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Grain intake

Inter-silo transfer

Fumigation

Forwarding to other branches of Nigerian breweries

Milling of grains

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OTHER ACTIVITIES INCLUDE.

Weighing of full trucks (i.e. coming in and going out)

Preparation of gate passes for outward movement of mobile silos from the Nigerian

breweries.

Dozing of stored grains

Cleaning of silos

Control room maintenance

Silo maintenance

Grain quality testing

Weighbridge integrity testing

Milling of grains

The Nigerian breweries silo complex comprises of 10 large storage silos and 18 brewing silos.

The storage silos are built in the silo complex, there are still the operational small sized silos

located close to the brew house for immediate supply of grains to be used. The Nigerian

breweries Ibadan silo complex houses 10 large silos that can each house 38 trucks of grains

but for convenience of operations and for air and drug space has been standardized to 35

trucks per silo. The brew house silo is located at the rear end of the Nigerian breweries Ibadan.

It is overseen by Mr. Omolayo and Omotayo. It has 18 strong silos each having a capacity of

300tons of grains but for air spaces and Phostoxin decomposition, it has been standardized to

270tons.

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The grains have specified contents at every time

Silos 1 & 18 always house raw white sorghum

Silos 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8&9 houses malted barley while

Silos 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16&17 houses malted sorghum.

3.3.1 Majour grains housed by our silos are

Malted barley (Hordeum Poaceae). This grain is the majour grain used in the brewing

process. It usually is imported from Holland and collected at the seaports in Lagos.

Transported in large mobile silo trucks. It is brought over to Ibadan silo house to be

stored in the silos for continuous availability.

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Sorghum (Sorghum Sudanese): (malted and unmalted) Sorghum is that popular grain used

in Nigeria (Okababa in Yoruba) often white or red for making pap and feeding birds

especially pigeons. At Nigerian breweries the main type of sorghum used is the white

sorghum because we don’t want the grain colour to affect the colour of our output as

fermentation doesn’t change the extract colour. Sorghum is rich in essential

carbohydrates and vitamins. Malted sorghum is more costly than raw sorghum because

of the cost of malting and transporting of malted grains.

Note: Malting is the addition of water and warmth to a seed till it gets so excited and ready to germinate

(burst forth). It is unarguably true that at that point, more nutrients will have been released to the grains

and the grain is extra fortified and mature. At that point, the grain is bigger and more nutritious than the

unmalted grain. At Nigerian breweries, our grains are sourced locally and malted at the Aba malting plant

also owned by Nigerian breweries then transported back to base for storage.

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Maize (zea may): This is not stored in the silo for long because it is not a majour brewing

input but is more like an adjunct in the brewing process and has a shorter shelf life

than other grains and as such is less preferable to sorghum and barley. Procurement of

maize is strictly for immediate consumption. White grains of maize is used if need be.

3.3.2 MAJOUR OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT IN THE SILO COMPLEX

1. Grain intake: This process bringing in of grains from our numerous suppliers or branches

of Nigerian breweries nationwide that has excess of grains supplied. Malted grains (barley

and malted sorghum) and unmalted grains (raw sorghum) are delivered to the brewery in

either loosed (container mostly barley) or sacks packed in a truck. The truck is positioned

in a way that allows trucks to empty the grains into the intake pits, while the container is

positioned with the bottom opening valve at the center of the intake pit. A truck of malted

sorghum is about 30 tons, barley 23 tons while raw sorghum is about 23 tons.

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CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND FLOW DIAGRAMS

The movement of grains from the intake pits to the storage silos is by mechanical conveyors

(chain and bucket conveyors). Cleaning of the grains is done by the drum screen, which

removes foreign substances that are bigger than the size of the grain via mesh, and shaker/flat

screen removes foreign substances smaller than the size of grains by vibrating the grains on a

mesh and metallic objects .the sloppy design of the intake pit wall allow the easy emptying of

the grist to the conveyors .The chain conveyor uses its scrappers to move horizontally while

the bucket elevator uses its buckets (cups) to scoop the grains and move it vertically. The

chain conveyor at the top of the silo moves the grains to the opened top valves of the silo (net

capacity 300 tons, operating capacity 270 tons).the scale quantifies the grains.

GRAIN INTAKE PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.

1. Dust is hazardous and breathing in dusts can cause respiratory problems hence we

operators of the silo always wear nose masks.

2. No smoking is allowed in the silo area.

3. Fire extinguisher must be functional and available at all times and whoever the

operator is must know how to operate it.

4. Safety boots and other preventive equipments are worn at all times.

5. Females with long hairs must always wear the approved caps or scarves to avoid

entanglements of their hairs with moving gears.

6. Technicians must obtain a duly signed authorization before they commence any

welding job.

7. All moving parts of machines should be properly guided

8. Good housekeeping must always be maintained at all time because of (5-s) auditing.

9. No grease on the floor and should be prevented from entering the intake pit.

10.Nobody is allowed to stay under a parked truck

11.Do not touch any moving machine.

12.Phostoxin is poisonous and should be handled with care.

2. Inter-silo transfer: - This is the movement of grains from a silo to another one. It is

basically done for the following reasons:

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1. As a result of infestation of the silo which leads to increase in temperature (norm not

more than 35oc)

2. For the purpose of re-cleaning of the grains (i.e. dust/ foreign materials remover)

3. Transfer of low balance quantity to empty the silo for use.

Concept, principles and flow diagram

The grains are moved from the silo by opening the discharge valve to the chain

conveyors for horizontal movement to the bucket. The bucket elevator moves the grains

vertically to the drum screen and shaker for cleaning. Thereafter, the grains move to the scale

and Phostoxin is dosed for the treatment of infestation. Chain conveyor moves it to another

bucket elevator which feed the last chain conveyor and finally to the receiving silo via opened

inlet valve.

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Phostoxin dosingPhostoxin carryover Improper dosing of Phostoxin Ensure that Phostoxin is dosed at the

right quantity and a record maintained

Conveyors (redler, screw, bucket) :

Oil and grease contamination

Lubrication from conveyors Make sure lubrication of the conveyor is done at the right time with the right time with the right type (food grade) and quantity of

grease (oil).

Magnet:

Foreign objects (stones, metals etc.)

Improper functioning Clean the magnets regularly to trap metals from the grains.

Storage silo’sPhostoxin carryover Not allowing the standard 3-4 days

contact time after use of Phostoxin for fumigation.

Ensure that the 3-4 days contact time after use of Phostoxin is observed

Processes involved.

1. The process starts by opening the outlet valve of the silo to be transferred and the grain

drops on the moving chain conveyor.

2. The flight of the conveyor carries the grain by scrapping and feeding the moving bucket

elevator.

3. The bucket elevator with its cups scoops the grains and lifts them to another moving

chain conveyor for horizontal movement.

4. With the inlet valve of receiving silo opened, the chain conveyor scraps the grains and

the grain drops into the receiving silo.

5. If the transfer is for infection control, then it will be dozed with Phostoxin.

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3. Fumigation: - This is the treatment done to an empty silo to keep away pests and germs

before filling it with grains or before an intake operation. The aim of this is to disinfect,

decontaminate, delouse, smoke and cleanse the silo from microorganisms and germs.

OPERATION PROCEDURES.

1. Open the side manhole of the silo to confirm that it is actually empty with the aid of a

search light

2. Open the top manhole and insert the air pressure holes

3. Open the pressurized air valves to blow down dust inside

4. Close the manholes and allow the suspended dusts to settle down for 45 minutes.

5. Open the bottom side manhole for about 5 minutes to allow the dusty air out.

6. Enter the silo through the bottom manhole with a searchlight on and use a long brush to

remove dust from sidewalls down to the cone bottom of the silo.

7. Pack all the dust at the base into a sack and weigh

8. Call the shift brewer for inspection.

9. After the inspection, the silo is free to be fumigated.

FUMIGATING THE SILO.

1. Open a can of Phostoxin, which contains 16 tubes each tubes with 30 tablets (1 tablet =

3g)

2. Remove the tablets into a jute bag.

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3. Close the jute bag by tying with a long rope.

4. Keep the bag in suspension with the rope inside a cleaned silo.

5. Tie the rope to the manhole of the silo and close it.

6. Remove the bag after 72 hours and bury into soil.

Note: - Aside from being highly poisonous, Phostoxin is very explosive if it comes in contact with water.

This I didn’t believe earlier until I have experimented with a little quantity of Phostoxin residue. The

explosion could be comparable if in large quantity to a bomb blast hence that is the reason for the burying

of the Phostoxin residue. Such that it is deep enough to prevent future blasts.

4. Milling of grains: - Milling is the mechanical process of crushing grain to expose starchy

endosperm for starch to sugar conversion by enzymes. This operation is been done by

the hammer mill and the grist (milled grain) composition size, which is determined by the

beaters in the hammer mill, is controlled and monitored. Before the grist is milled,

foreign objects are removed and the grain is weighed.

Concepts, principles and flow diagrams.

The grains are discharged from the storage silo via an opened pneumatic sliding valve at the

bottom of silo to the chain conveyors. Then, to the bucket elevator, which feed the grains to

the shaker for dust removal for oscillatory vibration. From the shaker, grains moves from the

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bucket elevator and pass through a permanent magnet for removal of iron objects and

thereafter to dry de stoner.

The de stoner does removes stones that are left in the grains because they are of the same size

by oscillatory vibrations lifts the grains upwards with the aid of stream of air on inclined plane

mesh. Whereas, the heavier stones are carried further upwards by vibrating sieve thus

discharges stone at outlet.

Clean grains now move to the hammer mill. Replaceable steel beaters in hammer mill rotates

at high speed and thereby crush the grains until the grist are small enough to pass through the

mill sieve and drops to a screw conveyor.

The grist moves to pipe and the blower uses compressed air to move the grist in the stream of

air o the cyclone at the top of the grist bin thus separate air from grist and discharges grist to

the grist bin.

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5. Forwarding of grains to other branches: This is the process by which grains are moved

out of the silo complex to other branches using the mobile silo/trucks. The trucks are

loaded from the previously loaded hoppers .and weighed when full. This operation is

usually carried out when there is shortage of grains in any of the production silos or other

branches of Nigerian breweries plc nationwide. The outgoing trucks are weighed before

leaving and the weighbridge reading is recorded for documentation and audit purposes.

6. Silo maintenance: This is a maintenance practice done to keep the silo clean and free

from dirt that will deteriorate the quality of the grains. Under silo maintenance we have

the following practices.

Silo and silo parts cleaning.

Collection of grain dusts (i.e. barley dust and sorghum dust)

Note: - Barley dust is of grain importance to the agricultural sector because it is a

majour nutritional requirement (input) for majour feed mills within the region. It has

often been said that livestock fed with it fattens quickly.

Cleaning of silo complex

Patching of leaking silos.

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3.4 PLANNING OFFICE: -

This is the control room of all economic planning activities in the organization. It comprises

of the planning supervisor, sourcing officer, planning manager and at most two industrial

trainees (i.e. me). Majour activities in the office includes

Liaisons with contractors, suppliers scrap buyers and distributors

Preparation of purchase orders

Analysis of quotations

Conversion of PR’s ( purchase requests) to PO’s (purchase orders)

Preparation of other documents, minutes of cot meetings etc.

The ultimate authority in the planning office is the planning manager, closely followed by the

sourcing officer then the planning supervisor.

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Documents handled by the planning department includes Purchase orders Analysis of quotation Store issue vouchers Fuel issue vouchers Fuel stock report Raw materials truck movement tracking forms Quotations Gate passes Scrapped items report

Purchase orders :- just as the name connotes, a purchase order is a request written by a

company to a supplier or a contractor requesting for goods to be supplied or services rendering

with an agreed sum of money to be paid on delivery of goods or discharge of duties. It

consists of the description of the goods or service in question. The PR number (traceable to

the department and personnel that requested for it). On it we can also find the amount agreed

upon by the cot as payment for the said goods or services. SEE THE DIAGRAM BELOW.

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From the above purchase orders it is apparent the endorsement is very vital to ensure the

validity of the document. A valid purchase is the one that has been correctly printed and has

the signature of the planning manager (or sourcing officer) and the brewery manager (or head

brewer). The PO’s are collected at various points majorly gate house II, finance department

and sales department. Occasionally PO’s are collected in the department especially if they

have been delayed for quite a while. It takes an average period of 48hrs to complete a PR

processing to a valid PO.

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE OVERALL PROCESS INCLUDES

1. Detection of work or works to be done/ detection of diminished or depleting stock of

inputs. This can be done by anyone and a report is filled to that effect.

2. Rising of purchase request. This is done by some specific people often managers or

H.O.D s and d pr is in form of 8 groups of digits.

3. Approval of PRs. The request raised earlier has to be approved by the concerned

individuals related to the work or input. This is still done online trough the lotus note.

4. Forwarding of pr to the sourcing officer or the planning department.

5. Rising of adverts for supply or contract. This step may be skipped for regular events,

supplies or maintenance.

6. Analysis of quotation.

7. Playback of quotations (if necessary, often optional)

8. Endorsement of playback by the cost optimization team (COT).

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9. Conversion of PR to PO.

10.Printing of corrected pos

11.Endorsement of POs by the PM and BM.

12.Photocopying of PO’s for back up keeping.

13.Dispatching of PO’s to the collection point

ANALYSIS OF QUOTATIONS

Analysis of quotation is both a task and a document handled within the planning office.

It is the plotting of tasks to be done or items to be supplied or received from contractors,

suppliers and scrap buyers along side with the prices (quoted) received from the various

suppliers and contractors. The main analysis done with these quotations is to get the least

possible price for the highest possible quality and standard (quantity). The analysis of

quotation done for disposal of scrapped items looks out for the highest possible prices for the

quoted item and declare the scrap buyer that quoted highest as the winner of the item (highest

bidder principle). Like every other analysis of quotation, a valid AOQ must have the

endorsement of the cost optimization team and should be duly signed by the cot.

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SECTION 4

4.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

This report so far shows that the students’ industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)

programme is a gateway towards exposing the students to the industrial culture for which

they are basically being trained. The practical approach of the programme attests to this

assertion.

In this report, all activities taken during my SIWES programme have been discussed.

Nigerian breweries plc being a production company and an active member of the Nigerian

industrial sector, all the training that I have received in that place were centered on

production economics which is an integral part of our departmental works. Furthermore, my

training at Nigerian breweries also includes business and project management.

Also included in this report are the knowledge, experiences and skills acquired through

the activities on site.

Finally, in this report, the organizational structure of the complete organization and

that of my department of attachment (Organogram) were present.

In conclusion, with my exposure to this company and department has endowed me

with enough knowledge in purchases and production economics. I can hereby attest to it

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that the main objective of the students’ industrial work experience scheme (SIWES)

programme was met and I will say the (SIWES) programme was a big success after all.

I have immensely benefited from the students industrial work experience scheme

(SIWES) because it has provided me with an opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge

in real work situation, thereby bridging the gap between university work and actually

practices.

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

In order to improve the efficiency of students’ industrial work experience scheme

(SIWES), the following recommendations are made for the establishment Nigerian breweries

plc, (Economic planning department), the industrial training fund (ITF) and the school, the

federal university of technology, Akure (FUTA).

1. NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC

The cost optimization team has (from my observation) not being so cost effective in

their bargains with the suppliers and contractors. They often pay those people more than the

cost of the actual items they are buying or more than the worth of their service for

contractors. From this observation, I will suggest that proper and more detailed investigation

needs to be done by the cost optimization team on the actual price of commodities before

they are purchased and paid for.

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Agric economists should also henceforth be considered for attachment in the

organization as they have not always been considered before by the company owing to their

limited level of knowledge about the proficiencies of agric economists. They should cease to

be regarded ad peasant farmers.

SIWES students should henceforth be considered as trainees and people of dignity and

prestige and as such not be looked down on as messengers, slaves or a cheap source of

labour. They should be utilized for challenging and mind bugging tasks and not for laborious

and drudgery duties like is often inherent within this organization.

Furthermore I want it to be that students are considered for attachment within the

organization based on availability,, qualifications, exposure, comport ability, knowledge

possessed or other reasonable or quantitative criteria and not by a trivial reason as

connection (man know man).

Finally, the period of training granted by the human resources department of NBPLC

should be based on the duration specified by the student’s letter or ITF’s recommendation

and not by some unreasonably rigid company policy of three months moreover whenever an

extension letter is written by a student for the duration of training, it should be considered

favorably.

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2. THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINIG FUND

The school in collaboration with the Industrial training fund should urge the federal

government to prevail on business establishment to be more magnanimous in provision of

placements for students’ trainees. The industrial sector needs to be enlightened on the

immense effect or contribution they have on the educational sector and as such be

encouraged to absorb more industrial trainees.

The industrial training fund should investigate curiously the activities of these students

during their training. This is because during my training period, I was never visited by anyone

from the industrial training funds.

Lastly and most importantly, the ITF should see to it that the students on training should

be paid their allowance as soon as they complete their training probably, when they come to

the ITF to sign their complete logbooks at the ITF office. Furthermore, the ITF should

consider an upward review of the it allowance from the usual 15000 naira to 30000 owing to

the increasing cost of commodities in Nigeria including transport.

3. THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE.

The academic staff of FUTA should visit the student on site often during the programme.

This will bridge the information gap between the student and the school. Moreover, they

should endeavor to always sign their column in the logbook regularly in as much as there is a

space for that there.

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