viii. appendices - springer978-3-540-27280-9/1.pdf1018 viii. appendices the conversion tables are...

VIII. Appendices

Table of Contents

Appendix I. Unit Systems, Constants, and Numbers ................................... 1013 Table A.I.1. Primary SI Units .......................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.2. Derived SI Units ......................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.3. Associated SI Units ..................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.4. Common Physical Quantities

in Two Systems of Dimensions................................................................ 1015 Table A.I.5. Physical Constants ....................................................................... 1016 Table A.I.6. Dimensionless Numbers .............................................................. 1017 Table A.I.7. Multiples of SI Units.................................................................... 1017 Table A.I.8. Unit Conversion Tables ............................................................... 1018

Appendix II. Thermodynamic Data.............................................................. 1023Table A.II.1(SI). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) ................................................ 1024 Table A.II.2(SI). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)................................................. 1028 Table A.II.3(SI). Superheated Steam Properties .............................................. 1032 Table A.II.4(SI). Subcooled Water Properties ................................................. 1036 Table A.II.5(SI). Properties of Various Ideal Gases......................................... 1037 Table A.II.1(BU). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)................................................. 1038 Table A.II.2(BU). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) ................................................ 1040 Table A.II.3(BU). Superheated Steam Properties ............................................ 1042 Table A.II.4(BU). Subcooled Water Properties ............................................... 1046 Table A.II.5(BU). Properties of Various Ideal Gases....................................... 1047 Table A.II.6. Examples of Least-Square Fit to Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam.......................................................................... 1047

Appendix III. Pipe and Tube Data................................................................. 1049Table A.III.1(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Schedule Wall Thickness) ............ 1050 Table A.III.2(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Nominal Pipe Size, NPS) ............. 1051 Table A.III.3(SI). Tube Data, Birmingham Gauges

to millimeter and inches ........................................................................... 1053 Table A.III.1(BU). Pipe Data, Carbon & Alloy Steel ...................................... 1054 Table A.III.2(BU). Tube Data.......................................................................... 1055

1012 VIII. Appendices

Table A.III.4. Navier-Stokes Equations in the Cylindrical Coordinate System ...................................................... 1056

Table A.III.5. Navier-Stokes Equations in the Spherical Coordinate System ......................................................... 1056

Table A.III.6. Substantial Derivative and Flow Acceleration Components (Cylindrical Coordinates)......................................................................... 1057

Table A.III.7. Substantial Derivative and Flow Acceleration Components (Spherical Coordinates)............................................................................ 1057

Appendix IV. Thermophysical Data............................................................. 1059 Table A.IV.1(SI). Thermophysical Properties

of Selected Metallic Solids....................................................................... 1060 Table A.IV.2(SI). Thermophysical Properties

of Selected Nonmetallic Solids ................................................................ 1064 Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties

of Common Materials at 300 K................................................................ 1066 Table A.IV.4(SI). Thermophysical Properties

of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure............................................................ 1072 Table A.IV.5(SI). Thermophysical Properties

of Saturated Water and Saturated Steam.................................................. 1077 Table A.IV.6(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metals...................... 1079 Table A.IV.4(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Gases

at Atmospheric Pressure........................................................................... 1080 Table A.IV.5(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water ................ 1082 Table A.IV.6(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Steam ................ 1082 Table A.IV.7(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Superheated Steam............ 1083 Table A.IV.8(BU). Thermal Properties of Solid Dielectrics

at Normal Temperature ............................................................................ 1084 Table A.IV.9(BU). Normal, Total Emissivity of Metallic Surfaces................. 1086 Table A.IV.10(BU). Normal, Total Emissivity of Non-Metallic Surfaces ....... 1088

Appendix V. Nuclear Properties of Elements ............................................... 1091Table A.V.1(SI). Absorption Coefficient of Gamma Rays .............................. 1092 Table A.V.2(SI). Cross Sections for Neutron Interaction ................................ 1093

Appendix I Unit Systems, Constants, and Numbers

Table A.I.1. Primary SI Units .......................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.2. Derived SI Units ......................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.3. Associated SI Units ..................................................................... 1014 Table A.I.4. Common Physical Quantities

in Two Systems of Dimensions................................................................ 1015 Table A.I.5. Physical constants ........................................................................ 1016 Table A.I.6. Dimensionless Numbers .............................................................. 1017 Table A.I.7. Multiples of SI Units.................................................................... 1017 Table A.I.8. Unit Conversion Tables ............................................................... 1018


Table A.I.1. Primary SI Units

Table A.I.2. Derived SI Units

Table A.I.3. Associated SI Units

Appendix I 1015

Table A.I.4. Common Physical Quantities in Two Systems of Dimensions


Table A.I.5. Physical Constants

Appendix I 1017

Table A.I.6. Dimensionless Numbers

Table A.I.7. Multiples of SI Units


The conversion tables are arranged in the form of a square matrix. Values on the diagonal are all unity. To convert units in each row of the first column to units in each column of the first row, multiply by the corresponding value in the matrix. Values below the diagonal are the inverse of the values above the diagonal. Unit conversion can be performed by using the software on the accompanying CD-ROM.

Table A.I.8.1. Conversion Factors (Length)

Table A.I.8.2. Conversion Factors (Area)

Table A.I.8.3. Conversion Factors (Volume)

Table A.I.8.4. Conversion Factors (Mass)

Appendix I 1019

Table A.I.8.5. Conversion Factors (Density)

Table A.I.8.6. Conversion Factors (Time)

Table A.I.8.7. Conversion Factors (Flow)

Table A.I.8.8. Conversion Factors (Force)

Table A.I.8.9. Conversion Factors (Pressure and Momentum Flux)


Table A.I.8.10. Conversion Factors (Energy, Work, Enthalpy, and Torque)

Table A.I.8.11. Conversion Factors (Power)

Table A.I.8.12. Conversion Factors (Power Density)

Table A.I.8.13. Conversion Factors (Heat Flux)

Table A.I.8.14. Conversion Factors (Thermal Conductivity)

Appendix I 1021

Table A.I.8.15. Conversion Factors (Heat Transfer Coefficient)

Table A.I.8.16. Conversion Factors (Viscosity)

Appendix II Thermodynamic Data

Table A.II.1(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) ................................................ 1024

Table A.II.2(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)................................................. 1028

Table A.II.3(SI). Superheated Steam Properties .............................................. 1032 Table A.II.4(SI). Subcooled Water Properties ................................................. 1036 Table A.II.5(SI). Properties of Various Ideal Gases......................................... 1037 Table A.II.1(BU). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)................................................. 1038 Table A.II.2(BU). Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) ................................................ 1040 Table A.II.3(BU). Superheated Steam Properties ............................................ 1042 Table A.II.4(BU). Subcooled Water Properties ............................................... 1046 Table A.II.5(BU). Properties of Various Ideal Gases....................................... 1047 Table A.II.6. Examples of Least-Square Fit to Saturated Water

and Dry Saturated Steam.......................................................................... 1047


Table A.II.1(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P)

Appendix II 1025

Table A.II.1(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) (continued)

Appendix II 1027


See the reference for the table. This material is used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Table A.II.2(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)

Appendix II 1029

Table A.II.2(SI). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T) (continued)

Appendix II 1031


See the reference for this table. This material is used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Table A.II.3(SI). Superheated Steam Properties

Appendix II 1033

Table A.II.3(SI). Superheated Steam Properties (continued)

Appendix II 1035



Table A.II.4(SI). Subcooled Water Properties


Appendix II 1037

Table A.II.5(SI). Properties of Various Ideal Gases

See the reference for this table.


Table A.II.1(BU). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P)

Appendix II 1039

Table A.II.1(BU). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(P) (continued)



Table A.II.2(BU). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T)

Appendix II 1041

Table A.II.2(BU). Saturated Water and Dry Saturated Steam Properties, f(T) (continued)

See the reference for this table. This material used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Table A.II.3(BU). Superheated Steam Properties

Appendix II 1043

Table A.II.3(BU). Superheated Steam Properties (continued)

Appendix II 1045




Table A.II.4(BU). Subcooled Water Properties


Appendix II 1047

Table A.II.5(BU). Properties of Various Ideal Gases



Table A.II.6. Examples of least-square fit to saturated water and dry saturated steam prop-erties

Appendix III Pipe and Tube Data

This appendix contains pipe and tube data in SI units followed by the same data in BU. This appendix also includes the Navier-Stokes equations in the cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

Table A.III.1(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Schedule Wall Thickness) ............ 1050 Table A.III.2(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Nominal Pipe Size, NPS) ............. 1051 Table A.III.3(SI). Tube Data, Birmingham Gauges

to millimeter and inches ........................................................................... 1053 Table A.III.1(BU). Pipe Data, Carbon & Alloy Steel ...................................... 1054 Table A.III.2(BU). Tube Data.......................................................................... 1055 Table A.III.4. Navier-Stokes Equations

in the Cylindrical Coordinate System ...................................................... 1056 Table A.III.5. Navier-Stokes Equations

in the Spherical Coordinate System ......................................................... 1056 Table A.III.6. Substantial Derivative and Flow Acceleration Components

(Cylindrical Coordinates)......................................................................... 1057 Table A.III.7. Substantial Derivative and Flow Acceleration Components

(Spherical Coordinates)............................................................................ 1057


Table A.III.1(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Schedule Wall Thickness)

Appendix III 1051

Table A.III.2(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Nominal Pipe Size, NPS)


Table A.III.2(SI). Commercial Steel Pipe (Nominal Pipe Size, NPS), (continued)

Appendix III 1053

Table A.III.3(SI). Tube data, Birmingham Gauges to millimeter and inches


Table A.III.1(BU). Pipe Data, Carbon & Alloy Steel

Appendix III 1055

Table A.III.2(BU). Tube Data


Table A.III.4. Navier-Stokes Equations in the Cylindrical Coordinate System

Table A.III.5. Navier-Stokes Equations in the Spherical Coordinate System

Appendix III 1057

Table A.III.6. Substantial derivative and flow acceleration components (Cylindrical coor-dinates)

Table A.III.7. Substantial derivative and flow acceleration components (Spherical coordi-nates)

Appendix IV Thermophysical Data

Table A.IV.1(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Selected Metallic Solids....................................................................... 1060

Table A.IV.2(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solids ................................................................ 1064

Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials at 300 K................................................................ 1066

Table A.IV.4(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure ............................................................ 1072

Table A.IV.5(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water and Saturated Steam.................................................. 1077

Table A.IV.6(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metals...................... 1079 Table A.IV.4(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Gases

at Atmospheric Pressure........................................................................... 1080 Table A.IV.5(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water ................ 1082 Table A.IV.6(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Steam ................ 1082 Table A.IV.7(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Superheated Steam............ 1083 Table A.IV.8(BU). Thermal Properties of Solid Dielectrics

at Normal Temperature ............................................................................ 1084 Table A.IV.9(BU). Normal, Total Emissivity of Metallic Surfaces................. 1086 Table A.IV.10(BU). Normal, Total Emissivity of Non-Metallic Surfaces........ 1088


Tab

le A

.IV

.1(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d M

etal

lic

Sol

ids

Appendix IV 1061

Tab

le A

.IV

.1(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d M

etal

lic

Sol

ids

(con

tinu

ed)


Tab

le A

.IV

.1(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d M

etal

lic

Sol

ids

(con

tinu

ed)

Appendix IV 1063

Tab

le A

.IV

.1(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d M

etal

lic

Sol

ids

(con

tinu

ed)


Tab

le A

.IV

.2(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d N

onm

etal

lic

Sol

ids

Appendix IV 1065

Tab

le A

.IV

.2(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sel

ecte

d N

onm

etal

lic

Sol

ids

(con

tinu

ed)


Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials at 300 K

Appendix IV 1067

Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials at 300 K (continued)


Tab

le A

.IV

.3(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Com

mon

Mat

eria

ls (

cont

inue

d)

Appendix IV 1069

Tab

le A

.IV

.3(S

I).

The

rmop

hysi

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Com

mon

Mat

eria

ls (

cont

inue

d)


Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials (continued)

Appendix IV 1071

Table A.IV.3(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Common Materials (continued)



Table A.IV.4(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure

Appendix IV 1073

Table A.IV.4(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure (contin-ued)

Appendix IV 1075




See reference for this table.

Appendix IV 1077

Table A.IV.5(SI). Physical Properties of Saturated Water and Saturated Steam


Table A.IV.5(SI). Physical Properties of Saturated Water and Saturated Steam (continued)


Appendix IV 1079

Table A.IV.6(SI). Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metals



Table A.IV.4(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure

Appendix IV 1081

Table A.IV.4(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure (contin-ued)



Table A.IV.5(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water


Table A.IV.6(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Steam


Appendix IV 1083

Table A.IV.7(BU). Thermophysical Properties of Superheated Steam at Atmospheric Pres-sure



Table A.IV.8. Thermal Properties of Solid Dielectrics at Normal Temperature

Appendix IV 1085

Table A.IV.8. Thermal Properties of Solid Dielectrics at Normal Temperature (continued)

1: See Table A.IV.2(SI).



Table A.IV.9. Normal, Total Emissivity of Metallic Surfaces

Appendix IV 1087

Table A.IV.9. Normal, Total Emissivity of Metallic Surfaces (continued)



Table A.IV.10. Normal, Total Emissivity of Non-Metallic Surfaces

Appendix IV 1089

Table A.IV.10. Normal, Total Emissivity of Non-Metallic Surfaces (continued)


Appendix V Nuclear Properties of Elements

Table A.V.1(SI). Absorption Coefficient of Gamma Rays .............................. 1092 Table A.V.2(SI). Cross Sections for Neutron Interaction ................................ 1093


Table A.V.1(SI). Absorption Coefficients of Gamma Rays for Shielding Materials

Appendix V 1093

Table A.V.1(SI). Absorption Coefficients of Gamma Rays for Shielding Materials (con-tinued)


Table A.V.2(SI). Cross Sections for Neutron Interaction

Appendix V 1095

Table A.V.2(SI). Cross Sections for Neutron Interaction (continued)

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Class 1 Components. ANSI/ASME BPV-III-1-NB, 1980 edition. —, CRANE Tech. Paper 410, “Flow Of Fluids in Valves, Fittings, & Pipes,” 1980. —, EPRI Report, “Critical Flow Predictions through Safety & Relief Valves,” EPRI-NP-

2878 LD, February 1983.

—, EPRI Report, “Safety and Relief Valves in Light Water Recators,” edited by Avtar Singh NP-4306-SR, December 1985.

—, FSAR, Yankee Atomic Electric Company. —, Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Orifice Plates, Nozzles, and Venturi Tubes

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Arpaci, V. S., "Conduction Heat Transfer," Addison Wesley, 1966. Blasius, H. Z., Math. Phys., 56, 1, 1908. Carslaw, H. S. and J. C. Jeager, “Conduction of Heat in Solids,” 2nd ed., Oxford University

Press, 1959. Chapman, Alan J., "Heat Transfer," 4th Ed., Macmillan, 1984. Churchill, S.W., “Free Convection Around Immersed Bodies,” in Heat Exchanger Design

Handbook, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1983. Churchill, S. W., and H. H. S. Chu, “Correlating Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Free

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Churchill, S. W., and H. H. S. Chu, “Correlating Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Free Convectionfrom a Horizontal Cylinder,” Int. Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 18, p 1049, 1975.

Churchill, S. W., and H. Ozoe, “Correlations for Laminar Forced Convection in Flow Over an Isothermal Flat Plate and in Developing and Fully Developed Flow in an Isother-mal Tube,” Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 95, p. 46, 1973.

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ciety. London, Series A, 164, 1938, p. 547. Lyon, R. N., “Liquid Metal Handbook,” Department of the Navy, June 1952. Incropera, Frank P. and D. P. De Witt, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer,” 3rd Ed.,

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1102 References

Rohnesnow, W. M. and H. Choi, "Heat, Mass & Mom. Transfer," Prentice Hall. 1961. Rohsenow, W. M., “Handbook of Heat Transfer,” McGrawHill, 1973. Schneider, P. J., “Conduction Heat Transfer,” Addison Wesley, 1955. Seban, R. A., and T. Shimazaki, “Heat Transfer to Fluid Flowing Turbulently in a Smooth

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Chapter V

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Bernath, L., Transactions of A.I.Ch.E., 1955. Biasi, L., et. al., “Studies on burnout, Part 3. Enrgy Nucl. 14:530, 1967. Bjornard, T. A. and P. Griffith, “PWR Blowdown Heat Transfer,” Symposium on Thermal

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Bromley, L. A., “Heat Transfer in Stable Film Boiling,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 46, 221, 1950. Chen, John C., “A Correlation for Boiling Heat Transfer to Saturated Fluids in Convection

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Delhaye, J. M., M. Giot, and M. L. Riethmuller, “Thermohydraulics of Two-Phase Systems for Industrial Design and Nuclear Engineering,” McGraw Hill/Hemisphere, 1981.

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1104 References

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Li, Chung Hsiung, “Exact Transient Solutions of Parallel-Current Transfer Processes,” Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 108, 365–369, May 1986.

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Nahavandi A. N., M. A. Vorkas, and V. J. D’emidio, “Cost Optimization of Vertical Natu-ral Circulation Steam Generators,” Nuclear Engineering and Design 36, 1976.

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Singh, K. P. and A. I. Soler, “Mechanical Design of Heat Exchangers,” Arcturus Publish-ers, 1984

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2nd edition, CRC Press, 2005. Krivchenko, G. I., “Hydraulic Machines, Turbines and Pumps,” Mir Publishers, Moscow,

1986.Mott, Robert L., “Applied Fluid Mechanics,” 4th ed., Macmillan Publishing Company,

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Edwards D. K., et al, “Transfer Processes. An Introduction To Diffusion, Convection and Radiation,” 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill.

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Hargroves, D.W. and L. J. Metcalfe et. al., “CONTEMPT-LT/028A Computer Program for Predicting Containment Pressure – Temperature Response to a Loss-Of-Coolant-Accident,” NUREG/CR-0255, 1979.

Kao, Shih Ping, “A Multiple-Loop Primary System Model for Pressurized Water Reactor Plant Sensor Validation,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, 1984.

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Myer, John E., “Some Physical and Numerical Considerations for he SSC-S Code,” Brook-haven National Lab., BNL-NUREG 50913, 1978.

Reeder, Douglas L., “LOFT System and Test Description,” NUREG/CR-0247, July 1978. Rust, J. H., “Nuclear Power Plant Engineering,” Haralson Publishing Co., Buchanon, GA,

1979.—, “LOFT Integral Test System Design Basis Report,” DBR-1, Aerojet Nuclear Inc., Jan.

1974.Weisman, J., “Heat Transfer to Water Flowing Parallel to Tube Bundles,” Nuc. Sci. & Eng.

6:78, 1979.

Chapter VIe

—, “American Nuclear Standard for Decay Heat Power in Light Water Reactors,” Ameri-can Nuclear Society (ANS), ANSI/ANS-5.1-1979. August 1979.

Almenas, Kazys and Richard Lee, “Nuclear Engineering, An Introduction,” Springer-Verlag, 1992.

Bernath, L., Transactions A.I.Ch.E., 1955. Brown, Theodore L. and H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., “Chemistry, The Central Science,” 2nd Edi-

tion, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1981 Collier, John G. and Geoffrey F. Hewitt, “Introduction to Nuclear Power,” Hemisphere

Publishing Company, 1987. Connolly, Thomas J., “Foundations of Nuclear Engineering,” John Wiley & Sons, 1978. Duderstadt, James J. and Louis J. Hamilton, “Nuclear Reactor Analysis,” John Wiley &

Sons, 1976. Evans, Robley D., “The Atomic Nucleus,” McGraw-Hill, Fourteenth Printing, 1972. Ferziger, Joel H. and P. F. Zweifel, “The Theory of Neutron Slowing Down in Nuclear Re-

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Henry, Alan F., “Nuclear Reactor Analysis,” The MIT Press, 1975.Klimov, A., “Nuclear Physics And Nuclear Reactors,” MIR Publishers, Moscow, 1975.Knief, Ronald Allen, “Nuclear Criticality Safety, Theory and Practice”, Sixth Printing,

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Society, 1998. Ott, Karl O. and Winfred A. Bezella, “Introductory Nuclear Reactor Statics,” Revised edi-

tion, ANS 1989. Price, William J., “Nuclear Radiation Detection,” second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1964 Rahman, Inam-Ur and Paulinus S. Shieh, “Introduction to Nuclear Engineering,” Robert E.

Krieger Publishing Company, 1981. Schaeffer, N. M., “Reactor Shielding for Nuclear Engineers,” National Technical Informa-

tion Center, TID-25951, 1973. Shultis, J. Kenneth and Richard E. Faw, “Radiation Shielding,” American Nuclear Society,

2000.Shultis, J. Kenneth and Richard E. Faw, “Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineer-

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Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800), Rev. 2, Section 9.2.5-8, Branch TechnicalPosition ASB 9-2, July 1981.

Chapter VII

Abramowitz, M. and I. A. Stegun, “Handbook of Mathematical Functions,” Dover, 9th

Printing, 1972. Acton, F. S., “Numerical Methods that Work,” Harper & Row, 1970 Agresti, A. and B. Finlay, “Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences,” 2nd. Ed., Dellen

Pub. Co., 1986. Bendat, Julis S. and Allan G. Piersol, “Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Proce-

dures,” Wiley-Interscience, 1971. Bird, R. B., W. E. Stewart, and E. N. Lightfoot, “Transport Phenomena,” 2nd ed. Wiley,

2002.Byrkit, Donald R., “Elements of Statistics,” D. Van Nostrand, 1972. Boyce, W. E. and R. C. DiPrima, “Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value

Problems,” 3rd Edition, Wiley, 1977. Carnahan B., H. A. Luther and J. O. Wilkes, “Applied Numerical Methods,” Wiley, 1969. Curtis, F. G., “Applied Numerical Methods,” 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley, 1980. Dankoo, P. E., et. al., “Higher Mathematics in Problems and Exercises,” Mir Publishers,

Moscow, 1983. Demidovich, B. P. and I. A. Maron, “Computational Mathematics,” Mir Publishers, Mos-

cow, 1987. Elsayed, E. A., “Reliability Engineering,” Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1996.

1108 References

Evans, Robley D., “The Atomic Nucleus,” McGraw Hill, 1972. Griffith D. V. and I. M. Smith, “Numerical Methods for Engineers,” CRC Press, 1991. Hildebrand, F. B., “Introduction to Numerical Analysis,” 2nd Edition, Dover 1974. Hildebrand, F. B., “Advanced Calculus for Applications,” 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1976. Hunt, R. A., “Calculus with Analytic Geometry,” Harper & Row, 1988. Kellison, Stephen G., “Fundamentals of Numerical Analysis,” Richard D. Irwin, Inc. 1975. Korn & Korn, “Mathematical Handbook,” 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1968. Krasnov, M., et. al., “Mathematical Analysis for Engineers,” Volume 2, Mir Publishers,

Moscow, 1990. Kreyszig, E., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics,” 7th Ed. Wiley. 1993. Kroemer, Herbert, “Quantum Mechanics for Engineering, Materials Science, and Applied

Physics,” Prentice Hall, 1994. Modarres, Mohammad, “Reliability and Risk Analysis,” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993. Meyer, Richard E., “Introduction to Mathematical Fluid Mechanics,” Dover Publication,

Inc., 1971. Larson, Ronald E. and R. P. Hostetler, “Calculus with Analytic Geometry,” D. C. Heat &

Co., 1979. Liboff, Richard L., “Introductory Quantum Mechanics,” Holden–Day Inc. 1980 Nakamura, Shoichiro, “Computational Methods in Engineering & Science,” Wiley, 1977. Ozisik, Necati, “Finite Difference Methods in Heat Transfer,” CRC Press, 1994 Park, David, “Introduction to Quantum Theory,” McGraw Hill, 1964. Pauli, Wolfgang, “Wave Mechanics,” Dover Publications, Inc., 1973. Rossing, Thomas D and N. H. Fletcher, “Principles of Vibration and Sound,” Springer Ver-

log, 1995. Schiesser, W. E., “Computational Methods in Engineering & Applied Science,” CRC,

1994.Spiegel, Murray R., “Applied Differential Equations,” 3rd. Ed., Prentice Hall, 1981. Thomas, Jr. George B., “Calculus and Analytic Geometry,” Part 2, 4th Edition, Addison-

Wesley, 1972 Wylie, C. R. and L. C. Barnett, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics,” 5th Edition,

McGraw-Hill, 1982.

Appendix

Table A.II.1(SI), Table A.II.2(SI), Table A.II.3(SI), Table A.II.4(SI): Sonntag, Richard E., Claus Borgnakke, and Gordon J. Van Wylen, “Fundamentals of

Thermodynamics,” Fifth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998.

Table A.II.1(BU), Table A.II.2(BU): El-Wakil, M. M., “Nuclear Heat Transport,” International Textbook Company, 1971.

Table A.II.5(SI), Table A.II.5(BU): Masi, J. F., Trans. ASME, 76:1067, October 1954. –, National Bureau of Standards Circ. 500, February 1952. –, API Research Project 44, national Bureau of Standards, Washington, December 1952.

References 1109

Table A.III.1(SI), Table A.III.2(SI), Table A.III.1(BU): CRANE, “Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe,” Publication 410M (Metric

Edition), 1988.

Table A.III.2(SI): CRANE, “Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe,” Technical Paper No. 410,

1988.

Table A.IV.1(SI), Table A.IV.2(SI), Table A.IV.3(SI), Table A.IV.4(SI), Table A.IV.5(SI), Table A.IV.10: Incropera, Frank P. and David P. De Witt, “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer,”

Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1990.

Table A.IV.6(SI): – Lyon, R. N., “Liquid Metal Handbook,” Atomic Energy Commission and Department of

the Navy, Washington D. C., 1952 – Weatherford, Jr., et al., “Energy Conversion and Heat-Transfer Fluids for Space Applica-

tions,” WADD Technical Report 61-96, November 1961 – –, “Metallic Elements and Their Alloys,” T. P. R. C. Data Book, Vol. 1, Purdue Research

Foundation, 1966.

Table A.IV.9, Table A.IV.10: Suryanarayana, N. V., “Engineering Heat Transfer,” West Publishing Company, 1995.

Table A.IV.4(BU): Kreith, Frank, “Principles of Heat Transfer,” 3rd ed., Harper & Row, 1973.

Table A.IV.5(BU), Table A.IV.6(BU), Table A.IV.7(BU), Table A.IV.8: Edwards, D. K., V. E. Denny, and A. F. Mills, “Transfer Processes, An Introduction to Dif-

fusion, Convection, and Radiation,” Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1979.

Table A.V.1: Tipton, C. R., Jr., “Reactor Handbook,” Vol. 1, Materials 2nd Edition, Interscience, 1960.

Table A.V.2: Almenas, Kazys, and Richard Lee, “Nuclear Engineering, an Introduction,” Springer-

Verlag, 1992.

Index

Absolute pressure, 36Absorption cross section, 845, 847Absorptivity, 573-727Acceleration convective, 237-379 local, 235 pressure drop, 319, 621, 880Accuracy, 730Acoustic velocity, 372Adiabatic, 57Affinity laws, 808Air conditioning, 196Amagat model, 188Anemometer, 748-766Angle contact, 659 solid, 563 valve, 309Angular velocity, 39Annular fuel rod, 466Annulus, 13Anisotropic, 432Aspect ratio, 366Atomic mass unit, 41Atomic number, 842Augmented matrix, 971Availability, 105Avogadro, 42Axial flow, 19, 749, 760, 770Azimuthal angle, 563

Balance of plant, 162Ball valve, 306-309Barnett correlation, 663Barometric pressure, 36Bernath correlation, 663Bernoulli equation, 244

Bernoulli-obstruction meters, 321Bessel functions, 915 differential equation, 914Best efficiency point (BEP), 752Biasi correlation, 663Biomass, 24Biot number, 443Blackbody, 568Blasius, 524Body force, 226Boiling departure from nucleate, 662 film, 638 flow, 638 inception, 646 pool, 638 saturated, 638 subcooled, 638 transition, 650, 653 water reactor, 13Bond number, 642Borda-Carnot equation, 304Boundary layer, 231 value problem, 905Bowring correlation, 664Break flow split, 625Brayton, 154Breeder reactor, 5, 12Buckingham pi, 748Buckling, 859Bulk: modulus, 230 temperature, 519Buoyancy, 366, 549Butterfly valve, 309

1112 Index

Calibration, 729Carnot efficiency 101 principle, 100Cavitation, 752CD-ROM, 53, 85, 89, 92, 320, 329,

426, 499, 581, 591, 652, 697, 707, 718, 824, 970, 974, 981, 983, 984, 1009

Chain rule for derivatives, 906Chen correlation, 658Choked flow, 414Churchill and Ozoe correlation, 528Cladding, 17Clapeyron equation, 54Clausius statement, 97Clausius-Clapeyron equation, 54Cleanliness factor, 690Coal, 4, 6, 22Coefficient of: contraction, 322 performance, 103 volume expansivity, 47Colburn analogy, 521Compressible flow, 399Compressibility: isentropic, 47 isothermal, 47Compressed liquid, 46, 50Compressor, 10, 11, 71, 74Concentric heat exchanger, 688, 694Condensation, 435, 677, 678Condenser, 6, 710Conduction equation, 437-438Conservation equation, 26, 64, 67,

69Contact resistance, 436Containment, 12, 187, 207-221, 819Continuum, 225Continuity equation, 64Control valve, 306-309Convection, 256, 259, 260, 435Conversion factors, 1018Cooling tower, 6, 97, 209Control surface, 35Control volume, 57

Coordinate systems, 225, 943, 944, 947

Coriolis acceleration, 743Cramer’s rule, 974Creeping flow, 252Critical flow, 414 Critco correlation, 424 Henry-Fauske correlation, 622-

631 Moody model, 628 Rateau correlation, 425Critical heat flux (CHF), 650, 876 Barnett correlation, 663 Biasi correlation, 663 Bowring correlation, 664 CISE-4 correlation, 665 Katto correlation, 666Critical: pressure, 41 temperature, 41Cryogenic, 464Curl operator, 950Curvilinear coordinate, 943Cycle: Air standard, 147 Brayton, 147 Carnot, 104 Diesel, 152 Ericsson, 158 Joule, 154 Otto, 150 power, 144 refrigeration, 99, 103 regenerative, 157, 169, 171 reheat, 167 Stirling, 158 thermodynamic, 6Cylindrical coordinates, 943

D’Alembert paradox, 233Dalton model, 189Darcy formula, 299Darcy-Weisbach, 301Darrieus wind machine, 21Dead state, 116Decay heat, 882

Index 1113

Deformation of a fluid element, 264Degree Centigrade, 37 Fahrenheit, 37 of subcooling, 53 of superheat, 167Del operator, 947Density, 33Departure from nucleate boiling

(DNB), 662Design parameters, 26Determinant, 966Deuterium, 5, 847Dew point, 196Diameter equivalent, 309 heated, 663 hydraulic, 309Differential analysis, 239Differential equations Bernoulli, 911 Bessel, Chebyshev Euler-Cauchy, 912 Gauss Hermite Jacobi, 912 Laguerre, 912 Legendre, 913 linear, 904, 911 nonlinear, 904 ordinary, 911 partial, 916 Poisson, 916 Riccati, 911Diffuser, 71Diffusion, 432Diffusivity, 435Dilatant fluid, 228Discharge coefficient, 321Dittus-Boelter correlation, 538Divergence operator, 949Division at the break, 820Domain, 901Downcomer, 12-16, 134, 791, 827Drag, 232, 233, 365-366, 521, 733

Drift flux, 609Dry-bulb temperature, 202Dryout, 658, 662, 663Dynamic viscosity, 227Dynamics of gas filled vessels, 90 mixing tanks, 83

Eckert number, 520Eddy diffusivity, 289, 535Effectiveness, 120Efficiency Carnot, 101 thermodynamic, 11, 100, 101Eigenvalue, 905, 907Einstein, 4, 842, 932Elastic analysis, 344 scattering, 843Electromagnetic flowmeter, 738Elbow meter, 735Electron, 841Electron volt, 842Elevation head, 263Emissivity, 436, 568-579, 1086Empirical relations, 534Energy balance, 57 binding, 843 grade line, 263 internal, 39 kinetic, 38 mechanical, 1-3, 9, 261 potential, 39Engine internal combustion, 2-8 jet, 2, 9-10, 71, 97, 103, 160 reciprocal, 9-11, 750 rotary, 6, 8-9English engineering system of units (BU), 33Enthalpy, 39Entrance length, 231Entropy, 39EPRI-1 correlation, 666Equation

1114 Index

Euler, 252, 265 of state, 26, 41-46Equilibrium bubble, 642-644 thermal, 35Error, 728 fixed, 728 function, 488, 489, 491 random, 728Eta factor, 852Eulerian approach, 230Evaporation, 37, 49-50Exergy, 105Expansion coefficient, 413 thermal, 47 volumetric, 549Explicit method, 994Extended surfaces, 477

Feedwater, 12-16Fertile, 5, 846, 847Fick’s law, 26, 841Field, 225Film boiling, 638 condensation, 678 temperature, 520Fin annular, 480-484 cylindrical spine, 483 longitudinal, 483First law of thermodynamics, 67Fissile, 846Fission, 845Fissionable, 846Fittings, 175, 224, 286, 295, 302Flash, 79, 89, 173, 622, 637, 812Flooding, 604Flow critical, 399, 622 coefficient, 307, 322 compressible, 399 dimensions, 232 external, 99, 223, 230-233 incompressible, 231 internal, 232

laminar, 230 loop, 20, 325, 549, 799 measurement, 321, 412, 728 over flat plate, 230, 521-535 pattern, 555, 605, 606 reversal, 605, 614, 765 turbulent, 230 two-phase, 602Flowmeter, 302, 321, 728 Bernoulli, 321 Coriolis, 733 elbow, 735 electromagnetic, 738 installation, 744 laser Doppler, 728, 740 mass, 741 nozzle, 321 positive displacement, 741 pulsed neutron, 740 rotameter, 733 straightener, 744 turbine, 737 ultrasonic, 739 venturi, 321 vortex, 738Fluid ideal, 223-224 Newtonian, 228 non-Newtonian, 228Forced convection, 518Form loss, 175, 306, 419Forster-Zuber, 660Fouling factor, 669, 690, 707 resistance, 690, 718Fourier equation, 439Fourier number, 437Fourier transform, 908Friction factor, 292-299, 305, 1005 pressure drop, 242, 312, 617 velocity, 293Fuel fossil, 4 nuclear, 4, 23 pellet, 17, 466, 468

Index 1115

rod, 14, 16, 17 spent, 23, 459, 559, 833 utilization factor, 859Fusion, 3, 5, 25

Gage pressure, 36Gamma radiation, 436, 456-458Gap, 17Gas turbine, 6-11, 66, 97, 154Gate valve, 305Gauss divergence theorem, 956Gauss-Seidel iteration, 971 - 974General electric correlation, 667Geothermal energy, 22Gibbs function, 47, 639Globe valve, 305Gradient operator, 947Grashof number, 549Gray surface, 578Greenhouse effect, 11Greenpower, 17

Hagen-Poiseuille, 291Hardy Cross method, 338Hazen-Williams formula, 301Head, 18, 224Heat engine, 99 flux, 129, 256, 432 pump, 25, 31, 97, 103 sink, 6, 21, 96, 97 source, 6, 20, 22, 70, 96, 97Heat exchanger, 71, 76, 147-167,

687Heat transfer coefficient, 435Heisler, 493, 497Helmholtz function, 46HEM, 602, 616, 619, 621, 623, 785Hemispherical, 574, 576Homogeneous, 432Heterogeneous, 432Hewitt map, 606Humidity ratio, 195Hydraulic grade line, 263Hydraulic jump, 270, 408Hydrostatic head, 796-799

Hysteresis, 729

Ideal gas, 41Implicit method, 976, 994Integral analysis, 240, 248Invasive, 728Inviscid, 223, 228, 231, 252, 259Irreversibility, 98, 99, 105, 109Isotope, 5, 11, 740, 842, 844, 845Isotropic, 229, 432, 562-566, 848

Jakob number, 678Jacobian matrix, 1005Jet pump, 13, 749

Katto correlation, 666Kelvin, 33, 98Kinematic viscosity, 228Kinetic energy, 38Kirchhoff, 338, 369, 442, 578Kutateladze, 605, 652, 682

Lagrangian, 234, 237, 238-259Laminar boundary layer, 535 flow, 230Laplace transform, 909Laplacian operator, 949Latent heat, 51, 53Le System International d’Unites, 33Leading edge, 232, 519Least-square, 1006Leidenfrost point, 650, 654Leibnitz rule, 960Line integral, 951Linear heat generation rate, 432Liquid compressibility, 373Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), 691 correction factor, 696Lumped, 57, 207, 255, 431, 443Lyon-Martinelli correlation, 540

Mach number, 230Maclaurin series, 855, 902

1116 Index

Manning formula, 301Manometer, 36, 37, 272, 322Martinelli-Nelson, 622Mass defect, 842Mass flow rate, 58Mass flux, 65Mass number, 842Matrix inversion, 968McAdams correlation, 299Metastable state, 816Maxwell relations, 47MDNBR, 877Minimum stable film boiling

(MSFB), 653Minimum stable film boiling temperature, 656Minor loss, 301, 302Moderator, 5, 11, 847Modulus of elasticity, 375Moist air, 187-189Moisture separator, 162Molecular diffusion, 431, 535Molecular weight, 41Momentum conservation equation, 241, 248 flux, 242, 262, 372, 399, 526, 778

Napier’s correlation, 425Natural convection, 549Natural circulation, 549, 796, 800Navier-Stokes equations, 249, 251Net expansion factor, 412Net positive suction head (NPSH), 753, 757, 760-762Neutron current, 849 fast, 5, 846, 847, 851 flux, 457, 466, 671, 841, 848 thermal, 11, 846, 847, 851, 852 transport equation, 841, 853Newton’s law of cooling, 435Newton-Raphson method, 1004Nozzle, 10, 70-72, 321, 323, 324Nuclear power plant, 4, 11, 144, 786 resonance, 844

Nucleate boiling, 638Nucleation homogeneous, 637 heterogeneous, 637 onset, 644, 646, 650Number of transfer unit (NTU) method, 698Nusselt number, 520Nuclei, 5, 844, 845

Opaque, 575, 576, 577Ordinary differential equations, 911 Adam’s method, 985 Euler method, 981 Runge-Kutta methods, 982Orifice meter, 321Orthogonality, 908

Partial differential equations, 903Partial pressure, 189Peaking factor, 866, 874-875Peclet number, 541Perfect gas, 42Pitot tube, 733, 736, 737Planck: constant, 562 distribution, 569 statement, 97Poisson equation, 439Power cycle, 144 density, 23, 865, 1020 hydro, 17 tidal, 22Prandtl number, 520Precision, 729Pressure drop in bends, 302 internal flow, 295 Bernoulli obstruction meters, 323Pressure gradient due to: acceleration, 616 friction, 616 gravity, 618Pressurized water reactor, 5Pressurizer, 12, 14, 811

Index 1117

Primary dimensions, 33, 748Primary side 784-785Process adiabatic, 57 isentropic, 59 isobaric, 59 isothermal, 59 polytropic, 59 reversible, 57Property: critical, 41 extensive, 40 intensive, 40 reduced, 41Pump Booster, 173, 877 canned-motor, 800 centrifugal, 749 characteristic curve, 749, 757 head, 263, 313, 762 homologous, 748, 755-769 jet, 13, 749 positive displacement, 749Pumping power, 75, 76, 169, 314Pure substance, 34

Quality steam, 50 void and slip relation, 602Quantum number, 884, 935Quasi-steady, 348Quench tank, 204Quiescent fluid, 550, 650

Radial flow, 10, 20, 749Radiation heat transfer, 26, 436, 561Radiosity, 565Range, 729Rankine cycle, 161-162Rateau correlation, 125Rayleigh number, 550Reactor shutdown, 882Reciprocity, 581Recirculation, 13, 16, 134, 827Reduced pressure, 41Reflectivity, 573, 575

Refrigerant, 662Regression, 1007Relative humidity, 194Relative roughness, 312Repeatability, 729Resolution, 729Resonance, 845Reynolds-Colburn analogy, 521Reynolds number, 230Reynolds transport theorem, 240,

961Rigid column theory, 344, 371Rohsenow correlation, 651

Safety valve, 307Saturation pressure, 54, 637 temperature, 46Scaling laws, 747Scattering: elastic, 843 inelastic, 843Seban-Shimazaki correlation, 540Second law of thermodynamics, 96Secondary side, 12-16, 30, 97, 134Seider-Tate correlation, 538Semi-infinite solid, 485Sensitivity, 729Separated flow model, 616, 621Shaft work, 60, 69-77Shape factor, 581Shear work, 60, 262, 792, 816Shearing strain, 226Shell and tube, 688Shell side, 314-315, 465, 688Shock wave, 98, 151, 408Shroedinger wave equation, 932Similarity, 747Siphon, 284, 285Six factor formula, 851Skin friction, 302Slab, 443Slip ratio, 603Solar, 3, 6, 17-22, 129, 133, 727Solid angle, 563Specific

1118 Index

enthalpy, 40 entropy, 40 gravity heat, 40 humidity, 195 power, 9, 145, 156, 865 speed, 758 volume, 38Spherical coordinate system, 251Spray, 211-214, 329, 818Stagnation enthalpy, 417Standard temperature and pressure

(STP), 37Standard temperature, 37Stanton number, 520State equilibrium, 35 steady, 32, 66 unsteady, 66 thermodynamic, 38, 55, 815Steam extraction, 12, 167-172Steam generator, 2, 3, 12-16, 77,

702Stefan-Boltzmann law, 26, 436, 568Steradian, 564Stokes hypothesis, 249Streamline, 230Stress normal, 224 shear, 224 tensor, 226Sturm-Liouville, 860, 913Subcooled, 46Sublimation, 48Subsonic, 230Substantial derivative, 235Sudden: contraction, 303 expansion, 303Superheated vapor, 46Supersonic, 230, 407Surface force, 226Surface roughness, 98, 224-299Surface tension, 229, 618, 639, 651Surge tank, 357Surroundings

System closed, 56 isolated, 56 open, 57

Taylor series, 902Terminal temperature difference

(TTD), 710Terminal velocity, 366Thermal capacitance, 434 center, 796 conductivity, 433 diffusion, 432 expansion, 40, 47 neutron, 846 pollution, 101 radiation, 436, 561 resistance, 435Thermodynamic availability, 105 cycle, 6 efficiency, 100 irreversibility, 99 process, 36 property, 40 state, 38 system, 35Thermofluids, 1Time constant, 446Total directional emissivity, 579Total hemispherical absorptivity,

576Total hemispherical emissivity, 575Trailing edge, 519Transient, 32, 66, 81-95Translation, 39, 265Transmissivity, 575Tube bundle, 15, 77, 537, 690Tubesheet, 15, 16, 688, 795Turbine efficiency, 175, 776 Francis, 20, 772 gas, 6-11, 66, 97, 154 impulse, 19, 770 Kaplan, 17, 19, 772

Index 1119

Pelton, 18, 19, 738, 770-774 rotor, 9, 10, 17, 19, 769-770 steam, 4, 9, 15, 17, 25, 73 wind, 21, 770, 774-777Turbofan, 9, 777-779Turbomachine, 6, 747Turboprop, 9, 777-779Turbulence, 287, 535, 660Turbulent flow, 230Two-phase: flow fundamentals, 601 friction multiplier, 617

U-tube heat exchanger, 702 steam generator, 15, 16, 796Uncertainty analysis, 730Unit vector, 943Universal gas constant, 42Uranium enrichment, 842 natural, 842

Valves, 72, 306Van der Waals, 43Vane, 15, 19, 748Vapor pressure, 37Velocity angular, 39 distribution, 289 coefficient, 322, 772 head, 263 of sound, 917Vena contracta, 303, 321, 322Venturi meter, 71, 321View factor, 436, 579, 580

Viscoelastic, 228, 229Viscosity, 227-228Viscous: dissipation, 257 flow, 224, 230-232, 268 sublayer, 232, 294Void fraction, 602Volumetric flow rate, 58Volumetric flow ratio, 604Volumetric heat generation rate, 244Von Karman, 293, 526Vorticity, 226, 265

Wake, 233,775, 776Wallis number, 604Water properties, 1077, 1082Waterhammer, 371Wave equation, 917 mechanics, 932Wavelength, 561Weber number, 618Wet bulb temperature, 202Wetted perimeter, 309Wien’s displacement law, 570Whitaker’s correlation, 536Work definition, 57 optimum useful, 111

Zenith angle, 563-564Zeroth law of thermodynamic, 56Zhukauskas, 537Zuber and Findlay, 609-611Zuber correlation, 652

viii. appendices - springer978-3-540-27280-9/1.pdf1018 viii. appendices the conversion tables are...

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