AP HUGUnit VII: Cities and Urban Land UseUnit Test

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.

1. The growth of the earliest cities in world history was made possible primarily by the development of a. job specialization b. large concentrated populationsc. governments capable of controld. the ability of farmers to raise a surpluse. diversification of villages.

2. Which of the following was one of the original urban hearth regionsa. The Mississippi River Valley b. The Indus River Valleyc. Romed. Francee. South Africa

3. Which of the following types of cities was created by the Industrial Revolution?a. A city-Stateb. Mercantile cityc. Manufacturing cityd. primate city e. megacity

4. By 2020, most of the world’s biggest cities will be located in a. Western Europeb. Russiac. South Americad. Asiae. Africa

5. Which of the following qualifies as a primate city?a. Toronto, Canadab. Cape Town, South Africac. Jerusalem, Israeld. Mexico City, Mexicoe. Phoenix Arizona

6. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great megalopolis of the developing world?a. They contain both great wealth and tremendous povertyb. Many retain architectural elements of the colonial pastc. Most have squatter settlements on their outskirtsd. Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollutione. They house an increasing proportion of the world’s population

7. In contrast to a country with a primate city, a country whose cities follow the rank-size rule is more likely to have

a. Wealth concentrated in urban areasb. Fewer cultural centersc. More equality between urban and rural living standardsd. Unequal living standards between larger and smaller citiese. a smaller overall population

8. Which of the following is a correct statement about the megacities of the world?a. the largest by far is New York-Newarkb. Most are either in North America or Europec. None are located in Latin Americad. Megacities are located in many parts of the worlde. The largest megacities are located in China

9. When several large urban areas essentially merge together to form an even larger urban complex, it’s called a(n)

a. Urban agglomerationb. megacityc. city conglomerated. megalopolise. megatropolis

10. According to the rank-size rule, a city that has a rank of threea. would be the second city closest to that country’s primate cityb. won third place in a country’s survey of its inhabitant’s favorite citiesc. would contain approximately one-third of the urban amenities generally provided within that country.d. would contain one-third of the country’s total urban populatione. would contain one-third the population of the country’s largest city.

11. Which of the following is least likely to live close to a city center?a. an unmarried young professionalb. A young married couple without childrenc. A college studentd. An older married couplee. A young family with children

12. Which of the following describes the growth of a city in a series of wedges out from the central business center?

a. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Theory b. Christaller’s Central Place Theory c. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Theory d. Core Periphery Modele. Hoyt’s Sector Model

13. Which of the following was the first model of urban land use to be developed?a. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Modelb. Hoyt’s Sector Modelc. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model d. Harris’s Peripheral Modele. Griffin and Ford’s Latin America Model.

14. These make-shift neighborhoods, constructed of scrap materials, are found in all of the world’s large peripheral cities

a. Squatter settlementsb. Edge Citiesc. Swidden landsd. Regional centerse. Gentrified districts

15. Poor rural to urban migrants who settle in Latin American cities are most likely to have residence or homes

a. inside the abandoned buildings of downtown business districtsb. in government-owned tenement buildings just outside the CBDc. in landlord-owned tenement buildings just outside the CBDd. in squatter settlements on the urban periphery e. in single-family detached houses within the suburbs.

Use the diagram below for question 16-18

16. The urban model depicted in the diagram best resembles a. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Modelb. Hoyt’s Sector Modelc. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model d. Harris’s Peripheral Modele. Griffin and Ford’s Latin America Model.

17. In the twentieth-century North American city, if area Y is the CBD then area X is most likelya. a new CBDb. an area of forest, parland or pasture c. a sprawling suburbd. an industrial corridor with a river, port, or rail yarde. squatter settlements

18. In the twentieth-century North American city, if area Y is the CBD then area Z is most likelya. an ethnic neighborhood with a single culture-group such as Irish-Catholic, Italian or an African-

American communityb. an area of forest, parkland or pasturec. an area of manufacturing developmentd. a Chinatown or Japantowne. a neighborhood dominated by the middle-class

Use the diagram below to answer questions 19-22

19. This urban model best resembles a. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Modelb. Hoyt’s Sector Modelc. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model d. Harris’s Peripheral Modele. Griffin and Ford’s Latin America Model.

20. In this urban model, land prices would be highest in the area labeleda. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E

21. In the United States following World War II, the ring that would expand most significantly in size would be the area labeled

a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E

22. Using the diagram, a model of urban realms that more realistically represents commercial land values can be created by inserting

a. rivers and trailsb. roads and railwaysc. airports and schoolsd. power plants and portse. banks and hospitals

Use the diagram below to answer questions 23-26

23. This urban model best resembles a. Burgess’s Concentric Zone Modelb. Hoyt’s Sector Modelc. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model d. Harris’s Peripheral Modele. Griffin and Ford’s Latin America Model.

24. The elite residential sector of the city is found> in the areas labeled a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E

25. The CBD labeled on the map historically is centered around a colonial-eraa. Plazab. port or embarcaderoc. temple complexd. castle or forte. coliseum

26. Squatter settlements near the center of the city, situated in areas such as river banks, steep hillsides, or abandoned industrial lands, are known as

a. Zona Rosab. Cordon sanitairec. zone of maturityd. peripheral squatter settlementse. zones of disamenity

27. European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both containa. retail and office activities.b. extensive residential areas.c. large numbers of skyscrapers.d. structures inherited from medieval times.e. ancient Roman structures.

28. Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to bea. clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.b. dispersed throughout the city.c. clustered in suburbs.d. distributed uniformly in the city.e. living along major boulevards.

29. According to the sector model, if family X has an income of $100,000 and family Y has an income of $40,000 but family Z has an income of $115,000

a. families Y and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.b. families X and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.c. families X and Y are likely to live in the same sector of the city.d. families X, Y, and Z are likely to live in the same sector of the city.e. none of these families are likely to live in the same sector of the city.

30. The multiple nuclei theory a. involves four linked CBDs.b. includes nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park.c. includes a nucleus in the CBD which is connected to a nucleus in the suburbs.d. links a seaport, an airport, and a railway station.e. disregards the use of nodes.

31. Chauncey Harris’s Peripheral Model is focused on describing a central city in relation to a. Surrounding edge citiesb. residential neighborhoodsc. Surrounding rural areasd. manufacturing arease. Zones of Transition

32. New suburban CBDs that have developed into large centers of commercial office space and are often located at major transportation nodes or retail centers are known as

a. entrepotsb. break-in-bulk-pointsc. edge citiesd. export processing zonese. greenbelts

33. Today many U.S. cities have stopped their spatial growth primarily becausea. Many people are moving from urban to rural areasb. Residents in outlying areas organize their own services rather than pay city taxes for themc. Geographic barriers do not permit further development d. Infrastructure expenses have overwhelmed many city governmentse. they are responding to demands for more greenbelts.

34. In the United States, neighborhoods are divided into areas of approximately 5,000 people that are calleda. Census tractsb. Basic sectorsc. Complementary regionsd. Edge citiese. greenbelts

35. Increased air pollution, segregation, habitat destruction, inner-city decay, and loss of productive farmlands are all caused by

a. Climate changeb. Urban sprawl c. postmodernismd. ozone depletione. gentrification

36. Gentrification can be described asa. a revitalizing force against urban decayb. a segregating force between rich and poorc. a cohesive force uniting urban activityd. all of the above are correct descriptions of gentrificatione. both a and b are correct

37. Which of the following initiatives help a city fight urban sprawl?a. Efficient transportation policiesb. Urban growth boundariesc. Economic incentives for locating in downtown areasd. All of the above e. only a and b

38. All of the following are problems associated with suburban sprawl EXCEPT a. Limited transportation access and increasing road congestion.b. ethnic and racial segregation of suburban communities from the inner city.c. Limited tax funds to pay for new public schools and services for the elderly.d. Limited communications access and few utility services.e. destruction of natural landscapes and the elimination of farmland.

39. One improvement that can increase the sustainability of large urban areas with sprawling suburbs isa. converting larger areas of agricultural land to housing b. constructing integrated public transit systems including bus, subway and railc. decreasing government spending on public schools d. eliminating green spaces and using parkland to create more land for housinge. creating incentives such as free parking downtown to encourage commuting by car.

40. British cities are surrounded by open space known asa. greenbelts.b. public housing.c. sprawl.d. squatter settlements.e. suburbs.

41. The process that includes subdividing a house from single-family owner occupancy to multiple occupancy, is

a. blockbusting.b. filtering.c. gentrification.d. redlining.e. urban blight.

42. A process by which banks designate an area within which they refuse to lend money for improvements isa. blockbusting.b. filtering.c. gentrification.d. redlining.e. zoning.

43. Public housing isa. a conversion of low-income housing to middle-class housing.b. illegally established low-income housing.c. housing that has changed from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.d. low-income government-owned housing.e. buildings housing public services, such as government agencies.

44. U.S. inner cities face fiscal problems becausea. federal and state funds are available.b. low-income people are concentrated there.c. middle-class families are attracted there.d. redlining is no longer legal.e. blockbusting has strengthened ethnic neighborhoods.

45. The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States isa. annexation.b. accreditation.c. an application of eminent domain.d. defined by urbanized area.e. zoning.

AP Prep Questions

46. Prior to 1850 the location of all major North American cities was related, chiefly, to the presence ofa. transcontinental highwaysb. defensive sitesc. railroad junctionsd. navigable waterwayse. water power.

47. An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country’s social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as

a. a megalopolisb. a conurbationc. a primate cityd. an edge citye. an imperial city

48. According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of

a. 9 millionb. 8 millionc. 7.5 milliond. 5 millione. 3.5 million

49. According to the sector model of North American city structure, members of low-income groups tend to live in which of the following places?

a. The inner-city onlyb. Peripheral temporary settlements c. Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outwardd. Evenly dispersed throughout the urban areae. The suburbs and rural areas only

50. Which of the following is true of an edge citya. It is located on the edge of a lake, river, or other physical featureb. it is close to bankruptcyc. It is an outlet for a region’s traded. It is increasingly used for heavy industrye. It has a large amount of recently developed retail and office space

51. Which of the following models of urban structures depicts a commercial spine bordered by an elite residential sector extending outward from the central business district?

a. Urban realmsb. Concentric Zonec. Multiple Nucleid. Latin American citye. Southeast Asian city

52. All of the following were crucial to the emergence of the first cities EXCEPTa. An agricultural surplusb. A stratified social systemc. Labor specializationd. A system for food storage and distributione. Separation of the ruling system and the religious system

53. All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950’s EXCEPTa. The building of interstate highwaysb. the G.I. Bill of Rightc. Better public transportationd. The desire for more spacee. Prefab construction methods

54. Which of the following regions had the smallest percentage of people living in urban areas at the end of the twentieth century?

a. Australiab. South Asiac. North Americad. Europe e. South America

55. Gentrification in cities can be best described by which of the following processes?a. government funding and development of new downtown sports stadiumsb. foreign direct investment in new factoriesc. Corporate land development an building new suburbsd. Corporate land development an building new edge citiese. Private investment and reconstruction in existing residential buildings.