vigilohm insulation monitoring devices

VIGILOHMinsulation monitoring devices

by Patrick HENRYBusiness Development Manager

Energy Management Solutions

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 2

Contents

1. Introduction – What is Vigilohm?

2. Earthing arrangements

3. Applications

4. How does Vigilohm work?

5. The Vigilohm offer

6. Strong points

7. Conclusion


WHAT IS VIGILOHM?Section 1 - Introduction


What is Vigilohm?

●Vigilohm is the range of Insulation Monitoring Devices for Schneider Electric.

●Used in IT earthing arrangements, the solution●Guarantees process continuity in case of earth fault,●Improves staff and process safety, and●Optimizes maintenance.


Vigilohm products and solutions

Manual faultlocation

Automatic faultlocation

Measurement perfeeder

Level 1 Level 3Level 2


Insulation monitoring device (IMD) functions

●Level 1 : fault detection and signaling, manual fault location (all IMDs)

IM9: for AC networks onlyIM9OL: for off-line motor monitoring (TN, TT or IT networks) IM10, IM20: for AC and DC networksXGR, XRM: fault location is done manually (current probe + mobile

detector)

●Level 2 : automatic fault location

XM200 + XD devices + use of current probe + mobile detector

●Level 3 : feeder measurement + communication

XML / XM300C + XL devices, XD devicesXLI, XTU interfaces


EARTHING ARRANGEMENTSSection 2


The letters in earthing arrangements

●1st letter represents the transformer neutral connection to earth T (terre – earth) or I (isolated)

●2nd letter represents the load frame connection:frame connected to earth (T) or neutral (N)

Neutre isoléDe la TerreNeutre isoléDe la Terre

Grounded neutral Ungrounded neutral

Grounded load frame Load frame connected to neutral


TT earthing arrangements

●The exposed conductive parts of the installation are connected to an earth electrode (Ra) which is electrically separated from the LV substation earth electrode (Rb).

●Protection by RCDsR

B

R

A

PE

L1L2NL3

MV LV


TN earthing arrangements

●Protection by overcurrent tripping

RP

AB

L1L2

PENL3

TN-C

RPA

B

L1L2NL3PE

TN-S


IT earthing arrangements

●No protection is needed

R

PAB

L1L2

PE

L3


Earthing arrangement & applications

●Earthing arrangement choice will depend on the type of application:

●TT: small tertiary and residential networks●TN: industrial networks, large tertiary networks●IT: marine, some specific hospital areas, for industry applications

with a high service continuity need

●All systems are equivalent with regard to people safety

●In large installations, the best system is a combination of earthing arrangements.


Earth fault consequence

●TN-C / TN-S : CB magnetic tripping

●TT : CB tripping with RCD

●IT : First fault - No effect !!!Second fault - CB magnetic tripping (like TN-C/TN-S)

R1< 10

Ph

NCB

230V


Case of a second fault in IT system

●A short circuit means breaker trips!

R PAB

L1L2

PE

L3


Earthing arrangement comparison

TT

IT First Fault

TN-C

TN-S

Observation

Safety of person

+

++

+

+

IT: UC # 0 on the 1st fault

Fire

+

++

--

-

IT: I is very low on the 1st fault

Explosion

+

++

--

-

IT: I is very low on the 1st fault

Availability

+

++

+

+

Further to the first fault

Maintenability

+

++

-

-

Preventive maintenance

Reliability of the installation

++

++

-

+

Small I fault (damage-electrodynamic forces)

Easy implementation

+

-

++

+

Need a permanent insulation module/system Difficult to implement on big networks Some technical difficulties

Cost

+

-

++

+

Need a permanent insulation module/system And a transformer per sub-network


Indirect contact and insulation fault (TT)

Hypothesis: R1 = R2 = 10 U body: UB = 230 * R2/(R1+R2) = 115 V

I body: Ib = 115V / 1K = 115 mA (high risk over 30mA)

Fault current: 230V / 20 = 11.5A

This current is not high enough to trip the circuit breaker.

This is why RCDs are mandatory in TT; the RCD makes the protection.

R1< 10

Ph

NCB

1 K

230V

R2< 10

R C D30mA / 10mA

R2

Ground

Ph

Defect

N

R1

U0

UB


Indirect contact & insulation fault (IT)

Hypothesis: R1 = 1 M U body: : Ub = 230 V * R2/(R1+R2)=230*R2/R1 = 2.3 mV I body: Ib= Ub /1 k = 2.3 mV / 1k = 2,3 µAI body increases with R1 decreaseFault current IR1 = 230V / 1M = 0.2 mA

No risk after the first fault: no trip is needed.What happens after a second fault on another phase?

Short circuit so the circuit breaker will open.It is necessary to detect the first fault.

Ph

NCB

1 K

230V

R2< 10

R1< 1 M

R2

Ground

Ph

Defect

N

R1

U0

Ub


Limits for an IT earthing network1 wire: 10 M / km0.3 µF / km (10.6 K / Km @ 50 Hz)

3 wires * ==> 0.9 µF / Km (* 3 rather than 4 as one capacitance is

in // with the defect)

Uc max = 50V (safety limit)Uc = U0 * RT/Zc

C max to have Uc < or = to 50VCmax = Uc / U0 * RT * 2*pi * fCmax = 1 / U0 * 62.8 (for 50Hz)

Max length according to the voltage Ph - Ph = 760V ==> Ph - N = 760 / 1.732 = 439V => 36 µF0.9 µF / Km ==> limit = 40 Km240V = 66 µF ==> limit = 73 Km (3 phases)

RT

Ground

Ph

Defect

N

Zc

U0

Uc

4 x 10 µF

40 µF


IT earthing arrangement: Pros & Cons

●Energy availability - Up-time >>●Fire and explosion risks●ED life time●Preventive and corrective maintenance

But●Implementation costs●Network size●Fault localisation


IT EARTHING APPLICATIONSSection 3


Typical applications in IT arrangement

Some hospital areas

Ships

Industrial applicationswith continuous or sensitive processes( furnaces, industrial robots…)

AvailabilityFire

Explosion

Airports(runway lighting, traffic supervision)

Nuclear plants

Safety lighting

= mandatory

= prescription / promotion

Oil & Gaz

Off-shore


Hospital applications

Hospital Anaesthetic room

Hospital Operating theatre

Hospital Operating preparation room

Hospital Operating plaster room

Hospital Operating recovery room

Hospital Heart catheterization room

Hospital Intensive care room

Hospital Angiographic examination room

•Key application driver : patient safety•Product features for this environment

•AC internal impedance > 100 kOhms•Test voltage (=injection voltage) <= 25 Vdc•Injected current <= 1mA, even under fault conditions•50 kOhms threshold


Marine applications

●All vessel types (both commercial and military) and the whole LV electrical distribution

●5 to 10 devices par vessel●Cruise liners, transport ships – car

ferries, containers, navy vessels


Industry and infrastructure applications

Oil & Gaz - Extraction & refineries All the process in LV

Cement LV motors

Steel Cold or hot mills

Glass Furnaces. If the furnaces stops, it is dead

Paper Mill

Aluminium Electrolysis vat

Chemical Furnaces. If the furnace stops, it is dead

Mechanics, car makers Yes

Power generation - Nuclear or thermal Auxiliary equipement

Power generation - Solar Solar farm

Food & Beverage Conveyor

Pharmaceutical industry Conveyor

Semi-conductor Various process machines

Key application drivers : energy availability and safety


HOW DOES VIGILOHM WORK?Section 4


How does Vigilohm work?

●IT earthing arrangement is used to guarantee supply continuity (energy availability) in an electrical installation

●Requirements of the IT system:

●Continuously monitor the installation insulation by DC injection or AC injection

●Signal the first fault

●Locate faults (manually or automatically)

●The Vigilohm range of IMDs provide a permanent insulation monitoring solution

●Thus helping end users to increase process availability and improving staff and process safety

Protection threshold

Fault threshold


Operating diagram

●Vigilohm IMDs are connected to neutral or to a network phase

IMD connected to neutral

E95484

L1

L2

L3

IMD V3

V

L1

L2

L3

IMD connected to a phase

E95485

V

V

IMD

When the first fault occurs,the IMD detects the network phase-to-phase voltage Vacross its terminals

When the first fault occurs,the IMD detects the network phase-to-neutral voltage across its terminals

Multiple sources > A single Insulation Monitoring Device


Current injection

●In IT arrangement, because the fault current is very small, and therefore difficult to measure, the insulation monitoring device (IMD) injects a low frequency or a DC current. This current can go though the IMD because the IMD impedance is high at 50Hz (IT) but low for the injected current (equivalent to a TT).

●The aim is to measure the return current to calculate the system’s impedance.

●This current depends on the leakage impedance of the network to be monitored.

LF generator

Locating insulation faults is done by tracing the path of a low frequency current injected at the origin of the installation.


What does Vigilohm measure & monitor?

●Insulation resistance●If the resistance value is under the set-point, an alarm is triggered●This resistance value is displayed on some modules●For more advanced modules:

●Insulation resistance and 2 set-points (warning and alarm)●Leakage capacitance

●Resistance and capacitance are good ways to know the status of the system

●Allows preventive maintenance


Why do we measure the network capacitance?●Monitoring the C value is essential on large networks since the

C-related impedance can cause these networks to drift towards a TT arrangement. This configuration would generate a dangerous voltage contact and a high fault current in case of earth fault.

●Only Schneider Electric monitors these value.

●Thus, during ED design, it will be highly recommended to limit network size (long cables).


Operating principle: DC Injection

●The capacitance of the network is irrelevant when a DC voltage injection IMD is used to measure the insulation.

●DC voltage injection IMDs can only be used on AC networks

E95476

R network =i Rs

Vi - Rs and i =Vs

R network = RsVs

(Vi - Vs)

Vi

IMD Network

i

Vs

Rs

R network C network

i


Operating principle: AC Injection

●The resistance and capacitance of the network are displayed by measuring the insulation with an AC voltage injection IMD.

●Synchronous demodulation is used to indicate the real and imaginary parts of Z and therefore to calculate the resistance R and capacitance C of the network.

E95480

Vi

IMD Network

i

R network C network

Z = R network // ,1C network x

network complex impedance

RS


Different injection methods, different IMDs

●There are two types of permanent insulation monitors that use different injection methods:

●DC current injection IMD

●AC current injection IMD (can be communicating)

IM10 / IM20IM10 / IM20H

XM200 XM300C

IM9 / IM9OL


Two Types of monitoring

●On-line insulation monitoring●IT system for a part or the

whole installation●IT system for AC or DC

installations

●Off-line insulation monitoring●Load insulation monitoring

MV/LV

CPI

P1

CPI

CPI


Multiple configuration options

●Network type : AC / DC●Injection type : AC / DC●Injection type : permanent or non permanent

AC DC

AC Yes Yes

DC Yes

Network type

Injection type


THE VIGILOHM OFFERSection 5


Vigilohm offer

●Level 1 solution – Manual fault location●Hospital – IM10H, IM20H, HRP ●Marine, Industry & Infrastructures: IM9, IM10, IM20●Industry / off-line monitoring: IM9OL

●Level 2 solution – Automatic fault location●XM200, XD3xx

●Level 3 solution – Feeder measurement & communication●XML3xx, XM300C●XL3xx, XD308C, XLI / XTU communication interface

●Accessories●Toroids●Cardew surge limiter●ZX impedance●HV-IM20-1.7 subassembly●PHT1000 subassembly●Mobile fault location kit


LEVEL 1 SOLUTIONMANUAL FAULT LOCATION

The Vigilohm Offer


Vigilohm offer : HospitalsProduct featuresVigilohm IM10-H, IM20-H and HRP help ensure patient safety

IM10-H●Fault detection and signaling●Insulation resistance value display

IM20-H:●Fault detection and signaling●Insulation resistance value display●Transformer monitoring (current and temperature)●Modbus communication●Alarm log

HRP●Insulation fault remote indicator (audible & visual)●Electrical fault (transformer overload or circuit breaker tripping ) remote indicator

(audible & visual)●Insulation daily test

IM10-H / IM20-H


Vigilohm offer : HospitalsKey technical specifications

IM10-H / IM20-H●Standards: IEC 60364-7-10, IEC 61557-8●Network voltage: up to 230 V ac, 50 or 60 Hz●Insulation resistance value reading: from 1 kOhm to 1

MOhm●Minimal fault threshold: 50 kOhms●Accuracy : 5%●Auxiliary supply: AC or DC (generally the monitored

network)

HRP key technical features:●Tested with Anios products (anti-bacterial cleaning product)●Insulation Monitoring test button●24 Vdc auxiliary supply

HRP:Hospital remote panel


Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.Product features (Online insulation monitoring)IM9, IM10 and IM20 help ensure process continuity, staff and process safety in IT earthing

network arrangements

IM9●Fault detection and signaling without display (only for monitoring small AC networks)●Pre-alarm threshold

IM10:●Fault detection and signaling with large, intuitive multi-language display●Insulation resistance value display

IM20:●Same as IM10 plus●Leakage capacitance measurement display●Transformer monitoring (current and temperature)●Modbus communication●Alarm log●Current injection inhibition feature●Compatible with higher network nominal voltages with the HV subassembly


Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.Specific standards for IM9, IM10 and IM20

●IEC 60364-4-41 : Electrical standards in buildings

●IEC 61557-8 : Insulation Monitoring Devices in IT earthing arrangement

●IEC 61557-9 : Equipment for insulation fault location in IT earthing arrangements


Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra. IM9 key technical specifications

●Network voltage

●Up to 480 Vac L-L, 50, 60 or 400 Hz

●Two alarm thresholds

●Pre-alarm: from 2,5 to 500 kOhms

●Alarm: from 1 to 250 kOhms

●1 changeover contact in case of earth fault

●Auxiliary supply:

●110 to 415 Vac (+/- 15%)

●125 to 250 Vdc (+/-15%) IM9


Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra. IM10 / IM20 key technical specifications

●Network voltage: ●Up to 480 Vac L-L, 50, 60 or 400 Hz ●Up to 345 Vdc ●Up to 1700 Vac L-L with subassembly (IM20)

●Range for leakage capacitance readings:●0,1 – 40 µF (IM20) – Impedance display

●2 thresholds●Pre-alarm: from 1 kOhm to 1 Mohms●Alarm: from 0,5 kOhm to 500 kOhms

●1 changeover contact in case of earth fault●Auxiliary supply:

●110 to 415 Vac (+/-15%) / 125 to 250 Vdc (+/-15%)

●Multi-language support for English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, and Russian

●DNV approval for the Marine market

IM10 / IM20


Vigilohm offer : IndustryIM9-OL Product features (Offline insulation monitoring)

IM9-OL for insulation monitoring of offline motors (i.e., motors that are not normally powered, such smoke extractors)

●Functions

●Insulation monitoring with an adjustable threshold

●Motor start inhibition with a second threshold

●Ability to authorize start, even in case of low insulation

●Fault detection and signaling in all motor earthing arrangements (TN, TT, IT)

●Standards

●Product: IEC 61557-8, Safety : 61010-1

●Features

●Motor nominal voltage : up to 690 V

●Pre-alarm threshold: from 0,5 to 10 Mohms

●Motor inhibition threshold: from 0,25 to 2 Mohms

●Suitable for 1 ph or 3 ph motors, including star/delta start

IM9-OL


LEVEL 2 SOLUTIONAUTOMATIC FAULT LOCATION

The Vigilohm Offer


Vigilohm offer - automatic fault location

●Ideal for medium or large networks with a significant number of feeders

●Typical architecture●XM200 IMD that displays global R and C●XD312 / XD301 automatic fault locators

●The customer typically uses a manual fault locating kit for the downstream distribution


Automatic fault location – strong points

●Global network monitoring (R and C)●Unlimited number of locators●No link between the XM200 (injector)

and XD devices (locators)●Transient fault management on

both XM200 and XD devices●Both XD312 and XD301

locate the fault


XM200 key technical features

●Network voltage:●up to 760 Vac (injection connected to

neutral)●up to 440 Vac (injection connected to

phase)●up to 500 Vdc●For higher voltages, please use XM300C.

●Range for insulation resistance readings: ●from 0,1 to 999 kOhms

●Range for leakage capacitance readings: ●from 0,1 to 199 µF

●2 thresholds (pre-alarm and alarm) and 2 output contacts


XD301 / XD312 key technical features

●Immediate identification of the faultyfeeder

●Network type:●low voltage, AC (45 to 400 Hz) or DC

●Operating threshold:●2,5 mA @ 2,5 Hz

●Polling time:●20 s per channel

●1 output contact


LEVEL 3 SOLUTIONFEEDER MEASUREMENT & COMMUNICATION

The Vigilohm Offer


Vigilohm offer - measurement per feeder and communication

●Ideal for medium or large network monitoring, especially for control networks with multiple incomers and feeders

●R and C measurement per feeder is prescribed

●The customer wants to monitor insulation from the supervisory system


Level 3 solution - architecture overview

XM300C XML308 XL308 XD308C

XML316 XL316

XLI300/XTU300

ION Entreprise

Supervision

Modbus /Serial communication

Vigilohm bus


Level 3 solution – typical architectures

● Typical architecture● XML308 / XML316 IMDs for global network monitoring with feeder

measurement up to 8/16 feeders● XL308 / XL316 automatic fault locators incl. feeder measurement● XLI / XTU communication interfaces

● This architecture suits large network management, up to 192 feeders.

● Additionally there could be a few XD301 or XD312 fault locators in the downstream distribution


Level 3 solution – strong points

●IT distribution networks●AC, DC, mixed●Non linear loads: rectifiers, static

converters, variable speed drives

●Measurement and monitoring of network insulation

●R and C measurement, globally and on the most critical feeders

●Display and supervision of measurements and setting parameters

XM300C

XML308/316


Level 3 solution – main technical features

●Injection of low frequency AC voltage between the network and earth

●Measurement of R and C

●2 settings: ●adjustable pre-alarm and alarm thresholds●1 adjustable feeder threshold

●2 output relays●Measurement:

● from 0.1 to 999 k / from 0,1 to 1000 µF

●Network voltage : ●from 440 Vac to 1700 Vac depending on the

selected injection cable and a possible interface from 500 Vdc to 1200 Vdc

U

IcI

Ir


ACCESSORIESThe Vigilohm Offer


Toroids for automatic fault detection

●A single range of toroids for XD and XL devices

●Open or split core

● GA 300● SA 200● MA 120● IA 80● PA 50● TA 30

●POA● GOA


Cardew surge limiter

●Protects the electrical distribution – including the insulation monitor - against overvoltages

●Mandatory with NF C 63-150 (French standard) / not mandatory to comply with IEC 60364 standard.

●To be connected the closest to MV / LV transformer – between neutral and earth or phase and earth.

●Not necessary for LV / LV transformer


MV/LV

IMD

ZX impedance

●Reduces voltage differences between network and earth

●Impedance value:●1,5 kΩ at 50 Hz●1 MΩ at 2,5 Hz / DC●U < 500 V AC


HV-IM20-1.7 subassembly

●Makes Vigilohm IM20 IMD compatible with higher network nominal voltages:

●415 Vac < U < 1000 Vac for phase connection

●415 Vac < U < 1700 Vac for neutral connection


PHT1000 subassembly

●Reduce the input voltage for IMDs like XM300c and XML with the following network voltages

●440 < U < 1000 Vac for phase connection●760 < U < 1700 Vac for neutral connection●500 < U < 1200 Vdc for DC networks

MV/LV


Mobile fault locating kit

●This equipment can be used on DC or AC networks.

●It includes:●A 2.5 Hz generator: XGR●a 2.5 Hz receiver: XRM ●Three probes: P15 - P50 - P100


Mobile fault locating kit

●Fault locating principle to be used when the IMD detected a fault:

●Calibrate the receiver●Locate the faulty feeder

IMD or

XGR


STRONG POINTSSection 6


Strong points of the Vigilohm offer

Technical features●The new offer re-uses Vigilohm injection principle and improves it●Customer benefits: better accuracy and behavior with non linear loads●Wide range of insulation resistance measurement and display●Possibility of leakage capacitance measurement (IM20)

Implementation●Very easy to install – Din rail or flush mount

Operation●Very intuitive human man interface●Multi-language LCD display

●Supports English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, Russian and Chinese


CONCLUSIONSection 7


Conclusion

●Vigilohm range is Schneider Electric’s insulation monitoring solution for ungrounded neutral networks

●For process continuity in case of earth fault●For staff and process safety●For maintenance optimisation

●From single motor insulation monitoring to the most advanced network insulation monitoring

vigilohm insulation monitoring devices

Documents

presentation patrick

vigilohm work

vigilohm products

earthing arrangementssection

tt earthing arrangementsthe

case of earth fault

earth t

fault detection